AJAX调用WCF的配置

今天看了.net平台SOA架构的部分书籍，自己也试着做些例子。本以为会比较顺利，结果还是费了些周折，兹记下以备查阅。

先列出SVC的内容：
namespace WcfFundamentals
{
[ServiceContract(Namespace = "SimpleXmlService")]
[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
public class SimpleXmlService
{
// 添加 [WebGet] 属性以使用 HTTP GET
[WebGet]
[OperationContract]
public XmlElement HelloWorld()
{
var doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.InnerXml = "<message>Hello XML World!</message>";
return doc.DocumentElement;
}
}
}

写法1：下面这样可以输出WSDL：但是不能被AJAX以HTTP Get访问

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>

</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />

</behavior>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>

<services>

<service name="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior">

<endpoint address="" binding="webHttpBinding"contract="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" />

</service>

</services>

</system.serviceModel>
简评：这个是常见的情况，ASP.net调这个服务是能用的；要让JavaScript的HTTP Get方式调用Web服务除了方法上加属性外，Web.Config也要做配置，上面就是因为没有<webHttp/>配置。

写法2：（错误的写法）

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>

</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<webHttp/>

</behavior>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>

<services>

<service name="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService"behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior">

<endpoint address="" binding="webHttpBinding"contract="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" />

</service>

</services>

</system.serviceModel>
简评：<webHttp/>配置是加上了，但是加的地方不对，因为<webHttp/>是针对endpointBehaviors的，放在<serviceBehaviors>节不对。错误也是反面经验，所以列出来，去伪方存真。

写法3：（错误的写法）

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<webHttp />

</behavior>

</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>

<services>

<service name="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService"behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior">

<endpoint address=""binding="webHttpBinding"contract="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" />

</service>

</services>
</system.serviceModel>

简评：<webHttp/>配置的地方是对了，但是不起作用，因为<service>节的behaviorConfiguration属性不会指向<endpointBehaviors>节，只认 <serviceBehaviors>节。既不能输出WSDL，AJAX HTTP Get也不能访问。

写法4：AJAX HTTP Get能够访问的写法：（但是不能用IIS生成WSDL，提示“当前已禁用此服务的元数据发布”）

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<webHttp />

</behavior>

</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>

<services>

<service name="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" >

<endpoint address="" behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior"binding="webHttpBinding"contract="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" />

</service>

</services>

</system.serviceModel>
简评：为了让behaviorConfiguration属性指向<endpointBehaviors>节，需要配置endpoint的（而不是service 的）behaviorConfiguration，终于AJAX能访问了。但是问题又来了，不能用IIS生成WSDL，这意味着无法使用IDE工具配合C#来测试方法。

写法5：AJAX HTTP Get能够访问的写法，也能用IIS生成WSDL

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<webHttp />

</behavior>

</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior2">

<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />

</behavior>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>

<services>

<service name="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior2">

<endpoint address=""behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior"binding="webHttpBinding" contract="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" />

</service>

</services>

</system.serviceModel>

简评：为了能AJAX HTTP Get能够访问，也能用IIS生成WSDL，需要对service和endpoint的behaviorConfiguration分别配置，指向不同的行为配置节，这是彻底解决方法，也是两全其美的方法。

写法6：恶搞的写法（是可以用的）

<system.serviceModel>

<behaviors>

<endpointBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<webHttp />

</behavior>

</endpointBehaviors>

<serviceBehaviors>

<behavior name="PoxBehavior">

<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" />

</behavior>

</serviceBehaviors>

</behaviors>

<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>

<services>

<service name="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior">

<endpoint address="" behaviorConfiguration="PoxBehavior"binding="webHttpBinding" contract="WcfFundamentals.SimpleXmlService" />

</service>

</services>

</system.serviceModel>
简评：之所以称恶搞，是因为endpointBehaviors和serviceBehaviors节各有一个同名的PoxBehavior。并且这样的配置是可以被AJAX HTTP Get访问，也能用IIS生成WSDL的。于是在不知缘由的情况下，容易被这个搞蒙。这是因为service的behaviorConfiguration属性指向serviceBehaviors下的PoxBehavior，而endpoint的behaviorConfiguration属性指向endpointBehaviors下的PoxBehavior，endpointBehaviors和serviceBehaviors节各自的PoxBehavior并不冲突。