教你用python3根据关键词爬取百度百科的内容
前言 关于python版本,我一开始看很多资料说python2比较好,因为很多库还不支持3,但是使用到现在为止觉得还是pythin3比较好用,因为编码什么的问题,觉得2还是没有3方便。而且在网上找到的2中的一些资料稍微改一下也还是可以用。 好了,开始说爬百度百科的事。 这里设定的需求是爬取北京地区n个景点的全部信息,n个景点的名称是在文件中给出的。没有用到api,只是单纯的爬网页信息。 1、根据关键字获取url 由于只需要爬取信息,而且不涉及交互,可以使用简单的方法而不需要模拟浏览器。 可以直接 <strong>http://baike.baidu.com/search/word?word="guanjianci"</strong> <strong>for </strong>l <strong>in </strong>view_names: <strong>'''http://baike.baidu.com/search/word?word=''' </strong><em># 得到url的方法 </em><em> </em>name=urllib.parse.quote(l) name.encode(<strong>'utf-8'</strong>) url=<strong>'http://baike.baidu.com/search/word?word='</strong>+name 这里要注意关键词是中午所以要注意编码问题,由于url中不能出现空格,所以需要用 关于quote(): 在 Python2.x 中的用法是: 例子: 比如『我,unicode 为 0x6211,UTF-8编码为0xE60x880x91,URL编码就是 %E6%88%91。 Python的urllib库中提供了 2、下载url 用urllib库轻松实现,见下面的代码中 3、利用Beautifulsoup获取html 4、数据分析 百科中的内容是并列的段,所以在爬的时候不能自然的按段逻辑存储(因为全都是并列的)。所以必须用正则的方法。 基本的想法就是把整个html文件看做是str,然后用正则的方法截取想要的内容,在重新把这段内容转换成 可能要花些时间看一下正则。 代码中还有很多细节,忘了再查吧只能,下次绝对应该边做编写文档,或者做完马上写。。。 贴代码! # coding:utf-8 ''' function:爬取百度百科所有北京景点, author:yi ''' import urllib.request from urllib.request import urlopen from urllib.error import HTTPError import urllib.parse from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import re import codecs import json class BaikeCraw(object): def __init__(self): self.urls =set() self.view_datas= {} def craw(self,filename): urls = self.getUrls(filename) if urls == None: print("not found") else: for urll in urls: print(urll) try: html_count=self.download(urll) self.passer(urll,html_count) except: print("view do not exist") '''file=self.view_datas["view_name"] self.craw_pic(urll,file,html_count) print(file)''' def getUrls (self,filename): new_urls = set() file_object = codecs.open(filename,encoding='utf-16',) try: all_text = file_object.read() except: print("文件打开异常!") file_object.close() file_object.close() view_names=all_text.split(" ") for l in view_names: if '?' in l: view_names.remove(l) for l in view_names: '''http://baike.baidu.com/search/word?word=''' # 得到url的方法 name=urllib.parse.quote(l) name.encode('utf-8') url='http://baike.baidu.com/search/word?word='+name new_urls.add(url) print(new_urls) return new_urls def manger(self): pass def passer(self,urll,html_count): soup = BeautifulSoup(html_count,'html.parser',from_encoding='utf_8') self._get_new_data(urll,soup) return def download(self,url): if url is None: return None response = urllib.request.urlopen(url) if response.getcode() != 200: return None return response.read() def _get_new_data(self,url,soup): ##得到数据 if soup.find('div',class_="main-content").find('h1') is not None: self.view_datas["view_name"]=soup.find('div',class_="main-content").find('h1').get_text()#景点名 print(self.view_datas["view_name"]) else: self.view_datas["view_name"] = soup.find("div",class_="feature_poster").find("h1").get_text() self.view_datas["view_message"] = soup.find('div',class_="lemma-summary").get_text()#简介 self.view_datas["basic_message"]=soup.find('div',class_="basic-info cmn-clearfix").get_text() #基本信息 self.view_datas["basic_message"]=self.view_datas["basic_message"].split("n") get=[] for line in self.view_datas["basic_message"]: if line != "": get.append(line) self.view_datas["basic_message"]=get i=1 get2=[] tmp="%%" for line in self.view_datas["basic_message"]: if i % 2 == 1: tmp=line else: a=tmp+":"+line get2.append(a) i=i+1 self.view_datas["basic_message"] = get2 self.view_datas["catalog"] = soup.find('div',class_="lemma-catalog").get_text().split("n")#目录整体 get = [] for line in self.view_datas["catalog"]: if line != "": get.append(line) self.view_datas["catalog"] = get #########################百科内容 view_name=self.view_datas["view_name"] html = urllib.request.urlopen(url) soup2 = BeautifulSoup(html.read(),'html.parser').decode('utf-8') p = re.compile(r'',re.DOTALL) # 尾 r = p.search(content_data_node) content_data = content_data_node[0:r.span(0)[0]] lists = content_data.split('') i = 1 for list in lists:#每一大块 final_soup = BeautifulSoup(list,"html.parser") name_list = None try: part_name = final_soup.find('h2',class_="title-text").get_text().replace(view_name,'').strip() part_data = final_soup.get_text().replace(view_name,'').replace(part_name,'').replace('编辑','') # 历史沿革 name_list = final_soup.findAll('h3',class_="title-text") all_name_list = {} na="part_name"+str(i) all_name_list[na] = part_name final_name_list = []########### for nlist in name_list: nlist = nlist.get_text().replace(view_name,'').strip() final_name_list.append(nlist) fin="final_name_list"+str(i) all_name_list[fin] = final_name_list print(all_name_list) i=i+1 #正文 try: p = re.compile(r'',re.DOTALL) final_soup = final_soup.decode('utf-8') r = p.search(final_soup) final_part_data = final_soup[r.span(0)[0]:] part_lists = final_part_data.split('') for part_list in part_lists: final_part_soup = BeautifulSoup(part_list,"html.parser") content_lists = final_part_soup.findAll("div",class_="para") for content_list in content_lists: # 每个最小段 try: pic_word = content_list.find("div",class_="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div",class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word,'').replace(pic_word2,'') except: content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word,'') except: try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div",class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word2,'') except: content_list = content_list.get_text() r_part = re.compile(r'[d.]|[d]') part_result,number = re.subn(r_part,"",content_list) part_result = "".join(part_result.split()) #print(part_result) except: final_part_soup = BeautifulSoup(list,"html.parser") content_lists = final_part_soup.findAll("div",class_="para") for content_list in content_lists: try: pic_word = content_list.find("div",class_="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div",class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word,'') except: content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word,'') except: try: pic_word2 = content_list.find("div",class_="description").get_text() # 去掉文字中的图片描述 content_list = content_list.get_text().replace(pic_word2,'') except: content_list = content_list.get_text() r_part = re.compile(r'[d.]|[d]') part_result,content_list) part_result = "".join(part_result.split()) #print(part_result) except: print("error") return def output(self,filename): json_data = json.dumps(self.view_datas,ensure_ascii=False,indent=2) fout = codecs.open(filename+'.json','a',) fout.write( json_data) # print(json_data) return def craw_pic(self,filename,from_encoding='utf_8') node_pic=soup.find('div',class_='banner').find("a",href=re.compile("/photo/poi/.....")) if node_pic is None: return None else: part_url_pic=node_pic['href'] full_url_pic=urllib.parse.urljoin(url,part_url_pic) #print(full_url_pic) try: html_pic = urlopen(full_url_pic) except HTTPError as e: return None soup_pic=BeautifulSoup(html_pic.read()) pic_node=soup_pic.find('div',class_="album-list") print(pic_node) return if __name__ =="__main__" : spider=BaikeCraw() filename="D:PyCharmview_spiderview_points_part.txt" spider.craw(filename) 总结 用python3根据关键词爬取百度百科的内容到这就基本结束了,希望这篇文章能对大家学习python有所帮助。 (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |