arrays – bash列出文件夹中的所有子目录,将它们写入数组以在菜

发布时间：2020-12-16 01:48:40 所属栏目：安全来源：网络整理

导读：我正在写一个bash脚本,我在某个目录中有多个子文件夹,我想列出子文件夹的名称,并将结果读入一个数组,从结果中省略一个名为’cmmdm’的特定文件夹.一旦我将名称读入数组,我想生成一个菜单,每个子菜单名称作为一个选项,然后我将根据用户的选择在给定的子文件夹

我正在写一个bash脚本,我在某个目录中有多个子文件夹,我想列出子文件夹的名称,并将结果读入一个数组,从结果中省略一个名为’cmmdm’的特定文件夹.一旦我将名称读入数组,我想生成一个菜单,每个子菜单名称作为一个选项,然后我将根据用户的选择在给定的子文件夹上执行一个功能.

编辑：
抱歉应该添加我的初始代码：

#!/bin/bash
# - create array
declare -a CDARRAY

# - set 0 to exit in prep for menu
CDARRAY[0]=exit

# - create a counter to use in while loop
count=1

# - while loop to itterate through folder and add each folder except cmmdm into array
ls -d /home/nginx/domains/* | {
    while read CMMDOMAIN ; do

            if [ $CMMDOMAIN != "/home/nginx/domains/cmmdm" ]
            then
            $CDARRAY[$count]=$CMMDOMAIN
            echo $CDARRAY[$count]
            count=$[count + 1]
            fi

    done
}

这确实通过文件夹并忽略’cmmdm’但是我的代码将变量CMMDOMAIN添加到数组是错误的.我以前从未在bash中编写过脚本,所以我想我可能已经弄错了语法或者缺少一些大括号或者其他东西

解决方法

你的代码有很多问题,在这里讨论太多了(没有冒犯).

这是一个完整的示例,可以显示您想要的菜单,并进行一些常见的检查：

#!/bin/bash

shopt -s extglob nullglob

basedir=/home/nginx/domains

# You may omit the following subdirectories
# the syntax is that of extended globs,e.g.,# omitdir="cmmdm|not_this_+([[:digit:]])|keep_away*"
# If you don't want to omit any subdirectories,leave empty: omitdir=
omitdir=cmmdm

# Create array
if [[ -z $omitdir ]]; then
   cdarray=( "$basedir"/*/ )
else
   cdarray=( "$basedir"/!($omitdir)/ )
fi
# remove leading basedir:
cdarray=( "${cdarray[@]#"$basedir/"}" )
# remove trailing backslash and insert Exit choice
cdarray=( Exit "${cdarray[@]%/}" )

# At this point you have a nice array cdarray,indexed from 0 (for Exit)
# that contains Exit and all the subdirectories of $basedir
# (except the omitted ones)
# You should check that you have at least one directory in there:
if ((${#cdarray[@]}<=1)); then
    printf 'No subdirectories found. Exiting.n'
    exit 0
fi

# Display the menu:
printf 'Please choose from the following. Enter 0 to exit.n'
for i in "${!cdarray[@]}"; do
    printf '   %d %sn' "$i" "${cdarray[i]}"
done
printf 'n'

# Now wait for user input
while true; do
    read -e -r -p 'Your choice: ' choice
    # Check that user's choice is a valid number
    if [[ $choice = +([[:digit:]]) ]]; then
        # Force the number to be interpreted in radix 10
        ((choice=10#$choice))
        # Check that choice is a valid choice
        ((choice<${#cdarray[@]})) && break
    fi
    printf 'Invalid choice,please start again.n'
done

# At this point,you're sure the variable choice contains
# a valid choice.
if ((choice==0)); then
    printf 'Good bye.n'
    exit 0
fi

# Now you can work with subdirectory:
printf "You chose subdirectory `%s'. It's a good choice.n" "${cdarray[choice]}"

评论应该清楚地解释发生了什么.用于构建数组的技术,这是您的问题的目的,是extended globs.例如：

shopt -s extglob nullglob
cdarray=( /home/nginx/domains/!(cmmdm)/ )

将填充cdarray与/ home / nginx / domains /的所有子目录不匹配cmmdm(完全匹配).要使所有不以a或b结尾的子目录：

shopt -s extglob nullglob
cdarray=( /home/nginx/domains/!(*[ab])/ )

（编辑：李大同）

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