bash：截断文件名,使它们保持唯一

发布时间：2020-12-15 17:00:54 所属栏目：安全来源：网络整理

导读：我正在使用与此类似的for循环将文件夹中的所有文件名截断为16个字符： for i in *; do Shortname=${i:0:16} # Let's assume I don't need the extension mv "$i" "$Shortname"done 问题是：每当两个文件名具有相同的前16个字符时,后一个将覆盖前一个(在OS X

我正在使用与此类似的for循环将文件夹中的所有文件名截断为16个字符：

for i in *; do
    Shortname=${i:0:16}     # Let's assume I don't need the extension
    mv "$i" "$Shortname"
done

问题是：每当两个文件名具有相同的前16个字符时,后一个将覆盖前一个(在OS X mv上就是这样).

如何检查名称为“Shortname”的文件是否已存在,如果存在,请将“Shortname”的最后一个字符替换为数字.然后再次检查是否存在具有该名称的文件,请尝试更高的数字.等等.如果它到达第9位并且到目前为止所有名称都已被取出,它应该用“10”替换“Shortname”的最后两个字符并检查该文件是否已经存在.

示例：假设我有一个包含以下文件的目录：

MyTerriblyLongLongFirstFile.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongSecondFile.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongThirdFile.jpg
...
MyTerriblyLongLongFourteenthFile.jpg
...
MyTerriblyLongLongOneHundredSixtySeventhFile.jpg
...
MyTerriblyLongLongFiveMillionthFile.jpg

请注意,所有文件的前16个字母都相同.运行脚本后,我希望将它们重命名为：

MyTerriblyLongL1.jpg
MyTerriblyLongL2.jpg
MyTerriblyLongL3.jpg
...
MyTerriblyLong14.jpg
...
MyTerriblyLon167.jpg
...
MyTerribl5000000.jpg

“MyTerriblyLongLongFourteenthFile.jpg”是否重命名为“MyTerriblyLong14.jpg”并不重要,这取决于字母排序.他们每个人都有一个独特的名字,这一点非常重要.

做这个的最好方式是什么？

首先在测试文件上试一试.通常使用echo而不是mv进行测试的方法不会告诉你太多,因为不会创建潜在的名称冲突.

#!/bin/bash
num=1
length=16
for file in M*.jpg
do
    newname=$file
    until [[ ! -f $newname ]]
    do
        (( sublen = length - ${#num} ))
        printf -v newname '%.*s%d' "$sublen" "$file" "$num"
        (( num++ ))
    done
    mv "$file" "$newname"
done

测试：

$touch MyTerriblyLongLongFilenames{a..k}.jpg
$touch MyTerriblyLongL3
$ls M*
MyTerriblyLongL3                  MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesf.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesa.jpg  MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesg.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesb.jpg  MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesh.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesc.jpg  MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesi.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesd.jpg  MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesj.jpg
MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamese.jpg  MyTerriblyLongLongFilenamesk.jpg
$./nocollide
$ls M*
MyTerriblyLong10  MyTerriblyLongL1  MyTerriblyLongL4  MyTerriblyLongL7
MyTerriblyLong11  MyTerriblyLongL2  MyTerriblyLongL5  MyTerriblyLongL8
MyTerriblyLong12  MyTerriblyLongL3  MyTerriblyLongL6  MyTerriblyLongL9

（编辑：李大同）

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