cobbler批量安装系统

　cobbler是一个可以实现批量安装系统的Linux应用程序。它有别于pxe+kickstart，cobbler可以实现同个服务器批量安装不同操作系统版本。

1.系统环境准备及其下载cobbler

1）系统环境

添加两块网卡

[[email?protected] ~]# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:9d:ab:96 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.88.5/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9d:ab96/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: ens37: <BROADCAST,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:9d:ab:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.5.82/24 brd 192.168.5.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens37

valid_lft 6545sec preferred_lft 6545sec

inet6 fe80::fef6:e669:b63e:b381/64 scope link noprefixroute

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2）关闭安全服务

[[email?protected] ~]# setenforce 0

[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

3） 下载cobbler及其所需服务程序

yum安装cobbler需要使用下面两个源，大家可以复制下面的代码到自己的yum仓库保存即可

[epel]

name=epel

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/

[centos]

name=centos base

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# yum install cobbler dhcp tftp-server xinetd syslinux httpd -y

2.配置相关服务

第一步：配置DHCP服务

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

subnet 192.168.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.5.10 192.168.168.5.60;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

filename "pxelinux.0";

}

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart dhcpd

第二步：配置tftp

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer

# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless

# workstations,download configuration files to network-aware printers,

# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

socket_type = dgram

protocol = udp

wait = yes

user = root

server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot

disable = no #yes改为no

per_source = 11

cps = 100 2

flags = IPv4

}

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart xinetd

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart xinetd

第三步：启动httpd，cobbler

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart httpd

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart cobblerd

第四步：检查cobbler配置

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# cobbler check

1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost,or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional,the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1,and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:

https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux

4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders,you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them,or,if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting,you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory,should you want to support all architectures,should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32,elilo.efi,and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

6 : debmirror package is not installed,it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

7 : ksvalidator was not found,install pykickstart

8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed,try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one

9 : fencing tools were not found,and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings

问题1

cobbler文件默认是127.0.0.1本地回环地址，需要更改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.168.5.82,在384行

问题2

　netx_server也是默认本地127.0.0.1回环地址，需要修改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.163.182,128，在272行出

问题3

关闭防火墙，重启虚拟机

问题4：可以忽略

问题5

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart rsyncd

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable rsyncd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.

问题6可以忽略

问题7可以忽略pykickstart可以下载，不下载也可以

问题8

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘123‘ ‘123456‘

$1$123$nE5gIYTYiF1PIXVOFjQaW/

123是随机数，123456是设置的密码

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

将生成的密码粘贴过来

以上问题解决之后，需要同步和重启

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# cobbler check

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# cobbler sync

第五步：挂载光盘并进行数据导入

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

mount: /dev/sr0 已经挂载或 /mnt 忙

/dev/sr0 已经挂载到 /mnt 上

数据导入（需要一些时间）

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# cobbler import --path="/mnt" --name="centos7.5"

查看distro

[[email?protected] yum.repos.d]# cobbler distro list

centos7.5-x86_64

[[email?protected] ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg

[[email?protected] ~]# cp anaconda-ks.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg

[[email?protected] ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg

IP为桥接的ip

第六步：自定义profile

[[email?protected] ~]# cobbler profile add --kickstart="/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg" --distro="centos7.5-x86_64" --name="centos7.5_ken"/

[[email?protected] ~]# cobbler profile list

centos7.5-x86_64

centos7.5_ken

第七步：删除不包含ks文件的profile

[[email?protected] ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=‘centos7.5-x86_64‘

[[email?protected] ~]# cobbler profile list

centos7.5_ken

3.cobbler自动化安装测试

新建一个虚拟机，内存需要3G以上

选择第我们自定义的包即可进行自动化安装。