Django 路由层URLconf的实现
分组 分组的目的:让服务端获得url中的具体数据,通过分组,把需要的数据按函数传参的方式传递给服务器后台 1-无名分组 若要从URL 中捕获一个值,只需要在它周围放置一对圆括号 # app01/urls.py from django.urls import path,re_path from app01 import views app_name = "app01" urlpatterns = [ path("login/",views.login,name="Log"),re_path(r"articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]){2}/",views.articles),] # app01/views.py def articles(request,year,month ): print(year,month) return HttpResponse(year+"-"+month) 2-有名分组 在更高级的用法中,可以使用命名的正则表达式组来捕获URL 中的值并以关键字 参数传递给视图。 在Python 正则表达式中,命名正则表达式组的语法是(?P<name>),其中name 是组的名称,下面是以上URLconf 使用命名组的重写。 # app01/urls.py from django.urls import path,re_path(r"articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2}/)",] 捕获的值作为关键字参数而不是位置参数传递给视图函数 # app01/views.py def articles(request,month,year ): print(year,month) return HttpResponse(year+"-"+month) 分发 分发的目的:解决一个django项目中因为存在多个应用app导致project下面的urls臃肿和分配混乱的问题 分发的具体操作流程是: step1:项目文件下的urls.py,使用include() # project/urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/',admin.site.urls),path(r"app01/",include("app01.urls")),] step2:app下的具体url # app01/urls.py from django.urls import path from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ path("login/",views.login),] step3:视图函数render时模板路径前缀 # app01/views.py from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. def login(request): return render(request,"app01/login.html") step4:模板 # app01/templates/app01/login.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>app01_title</title> </head> <body> <h2>app01_login</h2> <hr> <form action="" method="post"> <p>用户名 <input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>密码 <input type="password" name="pwd"></p> <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p> </form> </body> </html> 反向解析 反向解析的目的:解决url硬编码的问题,即不能写死一个url,否则日后修改url,造成的维护成本巨大 此时可以给url命名,然后可以在视图和模板中使用url别名,反向解析出正式的url 反向解析分两种:模板中解析、视图中解析 模板中解析 <form action="{% url "Art" 12 %}" method="post"> # app01/urls.py from django.urls import path from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ path("login/",path("articles/<int:id>/",views.articles,name="Art"),#有参 ] # app01/templates/app01/login.html <form action="{% url "Log" %}" method="post"> <p>用户名 <input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>密码 <input type="password" name="pwd"></p> <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p> </form> <form action="{% url "Art" 12 %}" method="post"> <p>用户名 <input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>密码 <input type="password" name="pwd"></p> <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p> </form> 视图中解析 reverse("Art",args=(id,)) # app01/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.urls import reverse # Create your views here. def login(request): print(reverse('log')) id=10 print(reverse("Art",))) return render(request,"app01/login.html") 命名空间 命名空间要配合反向解析使用,当存在多个app,url的name冲突时,需要指定该name的命名空间 # project/urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include("app01.urls",namespace="app01")),path(r"app02/",include("app02.urls",namespace="app02")),] 在django2.x中,app01/url.py需要添加 app_name = "app01" # app01/urls.py from django.urls import path from app01 import views app_name = "app01" urlpatterns = [ path("login/",] # app01/views.py(需要时设置) from django.shortcuts import render from django.urls import reverse # Create your views here. def login(request): a = reverse("app01:Log") print("app01:",a) return render(request,"app01/login.html") # app01/templates/app01/login.html(需要时设置) <form action="{% url "app01:Log" %}" method="post"> <p>用户名 <input type="text" name="name"></p> <p>密码 <input type="password" name="pwd"></p> <p><input type="submit" value="登录"></p> </form> 转换器 对于django2.0版本以后,出现新的path() urlconf,他有两个好处: 1:url修改维护变得简单 2:url获得的参数的数据类型不再是单纯的str,在path中可以通过转换器实现参数数据类型的转换 path()中存在5个内置转化器: =1. str,匹配除了路径分隔符(/)之外的非空字符串,这是默认的形式 使用方法: step1: app01/urls.py from django.urls import path,re_path from app01 import views app_name = "app01" urlpatterns = [ path("login/",# re_path(r"articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/",path("articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/",] step2: app01/views.py def articles(request,month): print(year,month) print(type(year)) return HttpResponse("ok")
自定义转换器 step1: app01/my_converters.py class YearConverter: regex = '[0-9]{4}' def to_python(self,value): return int(value) def to_url(self,value): return '%04d' % value step2: app01/urls.py from django.urls import path,re_path,register_converter from app01 import views,my_converters register_converter(my_converters.YearConverter,'year') app_name = "app01" urlpatterns = [ path("login/",# path("articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/",path("books/<year:y>",views.books),] step3: app01/views.py def books(request,y): print(y,type(y)) return HttpResponse("ok,books") 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。 (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |