Python采用Django制作简易的知乎日报API
现在我主要教大家如何去实战,做一个简易的知乎日报API 1.配置字符编码 因为我们等一下要使用中文,所以要先设好字符编码 FILE_CHARSET='utf-8' 还要进入到数据库 set character_set_client=utf8 ; set character_set_connection=utf8 ; set character_set_database=utf8 ; set character_set_results=utf8 ; set character_set_server=utf8 ; set character_set_system=utf8 ; 设置完成之后,输入 show variables like 'character%'; 对照一下结果是否是这样 2.然后开始写模型 class News(models.Model): created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) title = models.CharField(max_length=100) image = models.CharField(max_length=100) theme_id =models.IntegerField() class Meta: ordering = ('created',) def __unicode__(self): return self.title class NewsDetail(models.Model): news = models.ForeignKey(News) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) content = models.CharField(max_length=1000) image = models.CharField(max_length=99) class Meta: ordering = ('created',) def __unicode__(self): return self.news.title 这里不难理解,这里我分两层,第一层是概括,第二层是详细内容,然后以概括的作为外键 3.将模式序列化 这是rest_framework非常强大的一点 from rest_framework import serializers class NewsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = News fields = ('id','title','image','theme_id') class NewsDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = NewsDetail fields = ('id','content') model为模型,fields为你想要查询显示的字段 4.然后再写视图函数 rest_framework.renderers中的JSONRenderer可以将对象渲染为json形式的字符串 from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer class JSONResponse(HttpResponse): """ 用于返回JSON数据. """ def __init__(self,data,**kwargs): content = JSONRenderer().render(data) kwargs['content_type'] = 'application/json' content='{"news":'+content+'}' super(JSONResponse,self).__init__(content,**kwargs) 我们在字符串外面在包一个news,这样获取比较方便 如何像知乎日报的那样获取最新的几个news呢 @csrf_exempt def latest_news(request): """ 展示最新的10个news. """ if request.method == 'GET': news = News.objects.all()[:10] serializer = NewsSerializer(news,many=True) return JSONResponse(serializer.data) 因为返回的是一个集合所以NewsSerializer的many参数要设为True 返回某个主题的前几个news @csrf_exempt def theme_news(request,theme_id): """ 展示某个主题的前10个news. """ if request.method == 'GET': news=News.objects.filter(theme_id=theme_id)[:10] serializer = NewsSerializer(news,many=True) return JSONResponse(serializer.data) 返回某个id的news的详细内容 @csrf_exempt def news_detail(request,news_id): """ 显示某个news的内容. """ try: news = NewsDetail.objects.get(news_id=news_id) except Snippet.DoesNotExist: return HttpResponse(status=404) if request.method == 'GET': serializer = NewsDetailSerializer(news) # print serializer.data return JSONResponse(serializer.data) 这里获取的是单个对象所以不用加many参数 5.配置url urlpatterns = [ ... url(r'^api/4/news/latest$',latest_news),url(r'^api/4/news/theme/(?P<theme_id>[0-9]+)/$',theme_news),url(r'^api/4/news/(?P<news_id>[0-9]+)/$',news_detail),] 括号包住的是要传入的参数,逗号后面的是匹配url成功后要执行的视图函数 最后就可以把项目跑起来 效果如下 (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |