“
Eloquent Ruby”一书中的这句话帮助我理解了符号,书中有一整章涉及字符串和符号也非常好.
The answer is that we tend to use strings of characters in our code for two rather dif-
ferent purposes: The first,and most obvious,use for strings is to hold some data that
we are processing. Read in those Book objects from the database and you will very
likely have your hands full of string data,things like the title of the book,the author’s
name,and the actual text.
The second way that we use strings of characters is to represent things in our pro-
grams,things like wanting to find all of the records in a table. The key thing about
:all in our Book ActiveRecord example is that ActiveRecord can recognize it when it
sees it—the code needs to know which records to return,and :all is the flag that says
it should return every one. The nice thing about using something like :all for this
kind of “stands for” duty is that it also makes sense to the humans: You are a lot more
likely to recognize what :all means when you come across it than 0,or -1,or even
(heaven forbid!) 0x29ef.
These two uses for strings of characters—for regular data processing tasks on the one hand and for internal,symbolic,marker-type jobs on the other—make very dif- ferent demands on the objects. If you are processing data,you will want to have the whole range of string manipulation tools at your fingertips: You might want the first ten characters of the title,or you might want to get its length or see whether it matches some regular expression. On the other hand,if you are using some characters to stand for something in your code,you probably are not very interested in messing with the actual characters. Instead,in this second case you just need to know whether this thing is the flag that tells you to find all the records or just the first record. Mainly,when you want some characters to stand for something,you simply need to know if this is the same as that,quickly and reliably.
