backup,restore,flash

发布时间：2020-12-15 18:16:22 所属栏目：百科来源：网络整理

导读：- 冷备： shutdown immediate select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$controlfile; select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$datafile; select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$logfile; select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oracle

冷备：

shutdown immediate

select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$controlfile;
select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$datafile;
select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$logfile;
select 'ho cp'||name||'/sda8/oraclebak/' from v$

ho cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilexxx(SID).ora?

非关键文件恢复
非关键性损失是一种故障事件，掌握在最少时间恢复同时最少影响数据为操作的情况下

1.恢复临时表空间
a.
SQL> select username,temporary_tablespace from user_users;
?
USERNAME?????????????????????? TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
SCOTT????????????????????????? TEMP

b.
SQL> create temporary tablespace tempnew tempfile '/opt/oracle/database/temp1/tempnew.dbf' size 50m;

Tablespace created.

c.
SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace tempnew;

Database altered.

d.
SQL> drop tablespace temp including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

2.损坏联机日志的恢复

a.损坏的是当前联机日志

startup mount

alter database clear logfile group 1;

alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;(上面命令不成功，则使用)

recover database until cancel;(上面命令不成功，则使用)

alter database open resetlogs;

b.损坏的是非当前联机日志

alter database clear logfile group xx;

3.索引表空间损坏
索引表空间是只包含索引的表空间
a.
drop tablespace index_tablespace

startup force

drop tablespace index_tablespace including contends and datafile;

b. recreate? the tablespace

c. recreate all indexes in it

4.口令文件损坏

＄ORACLE＿HOME/dbs/orapwSID --->存放位置
orapwd file=$oracle_HOME/dbs/orapwdSID

5.控制文件损坏
alter database backup controlfile to '/opt/oracle/con.bak' ------->备份到文件

alter database backup controlfile to trace; ------->到跟踪文件

损坏单个控制文件：
可以直接复制其它控制文件并改名

所有的控制文件损，同时没有一个可用的备份的控制文件

必须有备份跟踪文件，否则无法恢复(所有的日志文件都被重新初始化)

1.
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
shutdown immediate

2.vim $ORACLE_BASE/admin/udump/xx.trc
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "HAO" RESETLOGS? ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/redo01.log',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/redo01a.log') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 (
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/redo02.log',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/redo02a.log') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/redo03.log'? SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/system01.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/undotbs01.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/sysaux01.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/users01.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/example01.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/ts1.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/database/temp1/test1.dbf',
'/opt/oracle/database/temp1/undo1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1;

3.alter database open resetlogs;

4.SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
----------
READ WRITE

临时表空间损坏

SQL> select v$datafile.TS#,v$tablespace.NAME,dba_tablespaces.TABLESPACE_NAME
? 2? from? v$datafile,v$tablespace,dba_tablespaces
? 3? where v$datafile.TS#=v$tablespace.ts# and
? 4? dba_tablespaces.TABLESPACE_NAME=v$tablespace.NAME;

?????? TS# NAME?????????????????????????? TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
???????? 0 SYSTEM???????????????????????? SYSTEM
???????? 1 UNDOTBS1?????????????????????? UNDOTBS1
???????? 2 SYSAUX???????????????????????? SYSAUX
???????? 4 USERS????????????????????????? USERS
???????? 6 EXAMPLE??????????????????????? EXAMPLE
???????? 7 T1???????????????????????????? T1
??????? 11 TEST1????????????????????????? TEST1
??????? 12 UNDO1????????????????????????? UNDO1

8 rows selected.
1.
alter database datafile '/opt/oracle/ offline drop;

2.
alter database open

3.
create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/hao/undo1.dbf' size 50m

4.
alter system set undo_tablespace=undo1;

临时表空间

SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,CONTENTS from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME??????????????? CONTENTS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM???????????????????????? PERMANENT
UNDOTBS1?????????????????????? UNDO
SYSAUX???????????????????????? PERMANENT
USERS????????????????????????? PERMANENT
EXAMPLE??????????????????????? PERMANENT
T1???????????????????????????? PERMANENT
TEMP1????????????????????????? TEMPORARY
TEMP2????????????????????????? TEMPORARY
TEST1????????????????????????? PERMANENT
UNDO1????????????????????????? UNDO
TEMPNEW??????????????????????? TEMPORARY

11 rows selected.

SQL> select TSNAME,FILENAME,FILE# from dba_hist_tempfile;

TSNAME???????????????????????? FILENAME??????????????????????????? FILE#
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
TEMP1????????????????????????? /opt/oracle/database/temp1/tem????????? 2
?????????????????????????????? p1.dbf

TEMP2????????????????????????? /opt/oracle/database/temp1/tem????????? 3
?????????????????????????????? p2.dbf

TEMP?????????????????????????? /opt/oracle/oradata/hao/temp01????????? 1
?????????????????????????????? .dbf

TEMPNEW??????????????????????? /opt/oracle/database/temp1/tem????????? 4
?????????????????????????????? pnew.dbf

TSNAME???????????????????????? FILENAME??????????????????????????? FILE#
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

flashback
9i:
闪回功能依赖回滚段中存储的数据前镜像，只要前镜像没有被覆盖，那么闪回就是可能的。

语法：as of scn(timestamp) expr

SQL> select count(*) from? flash1;

? COUNT(*)
----------
????? 1580

SQL> delete from flash1 where rownum <30;

29 rows deleted.

SQL> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from dual;(查询SCN号)

?????? SCN
----------
?? 1070335

SQL> select count(*) from flash1 as of scn 1070300;(查询scn在1070300的记录)

? COUNT(*)
----------
????? 1580

SQL> select count(*) from flash1 ;

? COUNT(*)
----------
????? 1551

SQL> create table flash2 as select * from flash1 as of scn 1070300;

Table created.

SQL> drop table flash1;

Table dropped.

SQL> select count(*) from flash2;

? COUNT(*)
----------
????? 1580

SQL> alter table flash2 rename to flash1;

Table altered.

10g

SMON_SCN_TIME最多保存144000条记录，平均3秒做一次数据更新
LGWR首先在SGA中记录SCN于时间的映射关系(由于LGWR至少每3秒就会被激活一次，所以现在SMON_SCN_TIME能够支持大于3秒的闪回)
闪回特性：启用闪回功能后，数据库将发生变化的数据在闪回日志文件中，进行内回，这些数据块可以被直接复制回来以洓滿意我们的恢复需求，同时redo可以被应用以辅助数据恢复到更精确的时间点，从而极大地缩短了恢复时间
由RVWR的新进程写入，要使用闪回技术，数据必须是归档模式

alter database flashback on;

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area? 603979776 bytes
Fixed Size????????????????? 1220796 bytes
Variable Size???????????? 226496324 bytes
Database Buffers????????? 369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers??????????????? 7163904 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database flashback on;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select dbid,name,flashback_on,current_scn from v$database;

????? DBID NAME????? FLASHBACK_ON?????? CURRENT_SCN
---------- --------- ------------------ -----------
1164604165 HAO?????? YES??????????????????? 1072930

SQL> show parameter db_flashback_retention_target

NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_flashback_retention_target??????? integer???? 1440

db_flashback_retention_target (用于定义一个时间的上限，单位分钟，这是一个期望值，确切的闪回时间取决于闪回区的保留的闪回数据)

SQL> desc flash3;
?Name????????????????????????????????????? Null???? Type
?----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
?A????????????????????????????????????????????????? NUMBER

SQL> truncate table flash3 ;清除数据

Table truncated.

SQL> select to_char(OLDEST_FLASHBACK_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
? 2? from v$flashback_database_log;

TO_CHAR(OLDEST_FLAS
-------------------
2009-10-30 10:20:19

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

SQL> flashback database to timestamp
? 2? to_timestamp('2009-10-30 10:20:19','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');

Flashback complete.

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> show parameter db_re%

NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest??????????????? string????? /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_are
???????????????????????????????????????????????? a
db_recovery_file_dest_size?????????? big integer 2G
db_recycle_cache_size??????????????? big integer 0

flashback drop功能： ---------->所有用户删除的表对应的管理表：dba_recyclebin

不支持视图的恢复

SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
SQL> drop table emp;(删除放到回收站，默认)

Table dropped.

SQL> flashback table emp to before drop;

Flashback complete.

flashback table emp to before drop rename to a; (如果库中现在有同名的表，则使用rename)

SQL>drop table emp purge;(直接删除)

SQL>purge dba_recyclebin;(清空回收站)

alter session set recyclebin=off|on (设置用户是否使用回收站，默认是on,sys用户不支持)

-------------------------------------
恢复表记录

alter table dept enable row movement

flashback table d1 to scn xxxxx

SQL>----具有flashback any

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL> drop table tt;

Table dropped.

SQL> show recyclebin
ORIGINAL NAME??? RECYCLEBIN NAME??????????????? OBJECT TYPE? DROP TIME
---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ -------------------
T??????????????? BIN$dx9GRE2NoV7gQAEKeAESQw==$0 TABLE??????? 2009-10-30:13:58:56
TT?????????????? BIN$dx9GRE2OoV7gQAEKeAESQw==$0 TABLE??????? 2009-10-30:13:59:22
SQL> purge recyclebin
? 2? ;

Recyclebin purged.

SQL> show recyclebin
SQL> create table t1 (a int);

Table created.

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t1 values (2);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t1 values (3);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> delete from t1 where a=1;

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit
? 2? ;

Commit complete.

SQL> select undo_sql from flashback_transaction_query
? 2? where table_name='T1';

UNDO_SQL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
delete from "SCOTT"."T1" where ROWID = 'AAAM5PAAEAAAAGIAAC';
delete from "SCOTT"."T1" where ROWID = 'AAAM5PAAEAAAAGIAAB';
delete from "SCOTT"."T1" where ROWID = 'AAAM5PAAEAAAAGIAAA';
insert into "SCOTT"."T1"("A") values ('1');

SQL> insert into "SCOTT"."T1"("A") values ('1');

1 row created.

以上实例为针对某个用户的某个表的某几条记录做恢复

?
热备

数据导入与导出(for 9i)

1.导出工具exp
＄RAOCLE_HOME/bin ------可执行文件

三种模式
a.用户模式?导出用户所有对象以及对象中的数据
b.表模式?导出用户所有的表或者指定的表
c.整个数据库?导出数据库所有的对象
EXP：将对象导出到操作系统，一个二进制的压缩系统文件，可以在不同OS间迁移

普通用户导出
单张表：
[oracle@pi ~]$ exp scott/tiger tables=emp file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/emp.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/emp.log

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 2 09:46:50 2009

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning,OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set (possible charset conversion)

多张表用逗号分隔
[oracle@pi ~]$ exp scott/tiger tables=emp,dept file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/empdept.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/emp.log

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 2 09:50:27 2009

Copyright (c) 1982,OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table??????????????????????????? EMP???????? 13 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table?????????????????????????? DEPT????????? 5 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
Export terminated successfully with warnings.

使用sys导出
1.非交互模式
[oracle@pi ~]$ exp "'sys/oracle as sysdba'" tables=scott.emp file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/empt1.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/emp1.log

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 2 09:55:30 2009

Copyright (c) 1982,OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
Current user changed to SCOTT
. . exporting table??????????????????????????? EMP???????? 13 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
Export terminated successfully with warnings.
2.交互模式
[oracle@pi ~]$ exp? tables=scott.emp file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/empt1.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/emp1.log

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 2 09:57:40 2009

Username: sys as sysdba
Password:

2.owner(schema)导所属组即用户的所有表，表约束，存储过程，触发器
一般是sys导出用户的数据

exp owner=scott file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/system*.dmp(让系统生成多个文件) log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/system.log filesize=1g(指定导出文件的大小，便于系统管理经及系统对文件大小的限制，加快速度和刻盘)

[oracle@pi ~]$ exp system/oracle owner=scott file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/system.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/system.log

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 2 10:01:55 2009

EXP-00056: ORACLE error 1017 encountered
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Username: sys as sysdba
Password:

About to export specified users ...
. exporting pre-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting foreign function library names for user SCOTT
. exporting PUBLIC type synonyms
. exporting private type synonyms
. exporting object type definitions for user SCOTT
About to export SCOTT's objects ...
. exporting database links
. exporting sequence numbers
. exporting cluster definitions
. about to export SCOTT's tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table????????????????????????? BONUS????????? 0 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table?????????????????????????? DEPT????????? 5 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table??????????????????????????? EMP???????? 13 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table?????????????????????? SALGRADE????????? 5 rows exported
EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.
. . exporting table?????????????????? SYS_TEMP_FBT
. . exporting table???????????????????????????? T2???????? 16 rows exported
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
. exporting operators
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. exporting indextypes
. exporting bitmap,functional and extensible indexes
. exporting posttables actions
. exporting materialized views
. exporting snapshot logs
. exporting job queues
. exporting refresh groups and children
. exporting dimensions
. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions
. exporting statistics
Export terminated successfully with warnings.

3.导出数据库中所有的即全库导出
[oracle@pi ~]$ exp system/oracle full=y file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/all.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/all.log

4.导出某个用户下的所有表
1.先VI一个文件
vim /opt/oracle/database/temp1/t2.txt

spool /opt/oracle/database/temp1/t1.txt
set heading off
set linesize 200
set trimspool on
set feedback off
select 'exp scott/tiger tables='||table_name||' file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/
'||table_name||'.dmp ' from user_tables;
spool off

2.在SQL中执行t2.txt
SQL> @/opt/oracle/database/temp1/t1.txt

exp scott/tiger tables=T2 file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/T2.dmp
exp scott/tiger tables=DEPT file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/DEPT.dmp
exp scott/tiger tables=BONUS file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/BONUS.dmp
exp scott/tiger tables=SALGRADE file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/SALGRADE.dmp
exp scott/tiger tables=SYS_TEMP_FBT file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/SYS_TEMP_FBT.dmp
exp scott/tiger tables=EMP file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/EMP.dmp

5.远程导出
a.监听必须起来，tnsname必须设置好
b.
[oracle@pi temp1]$ exp scott/tiger@orcl1 tables=test file=/tmp/test.dmp

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 2 11:26:30 2009

Copyright (c) 1982,OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table?????????????????????????? TEST???????? 14 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

参数
exp imp
buffer=4096000 (数据缓冲区的大小，字节为单位，可自行调整)
direct=y?(以direct方式导出，告诉exp直接读取数据，速度快)
feedback?(每X行显示进度(0)数据量大的时候可以指定，查看状态)
compress=y?(将在导出的同时合并碎块)
grants=y?权限
indexes=y?索引?
rows=y??行，指定为N则是导出表结构
CONSTRAINTS=y?

数据导入
imp
imp scott/tiger tables=emp file=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/emp.dmp log=/opt/oracle/database/temp1/xxx.log ignore=y

步骤:
1.create object 2.insert data?3.create index?4.create trigers,constraints

注意事项：
1.数据库对象已经存在，使用ignore=y
? 如果表中有唯一关键字约束，不合条件不补导入
? 如果表中没有唯一关键字约束，将引起重复记录

2.对象有主外键约束
? 解决方法：先导入主表，再导入从表
?disable目标导入对象的主外键约束，导入后再enable
?直接drop掉约束，在重建约束

3.权限不够
? A用户去导出B用户的对象 A用户需要有exp_full_database权限
?imp_full_database(导入)

4.导入大表(大于80M)时，存储分配失败
?exp compress=y?imp 记得compress=n

5.imp exp 版本，向下兼容性
?imp 可以成功导入低版本exp生成的文件，不能导入高版本exp生成的文件

10g新工具
逻辑备份工具------数据泵
expdp只能用于服务器端，不能用于客户端

SQL> create directory expdp as '/tmp/';

Directory created.

SQL> ho /tmp/
/bin/bash: /tmp/: is a directory

SQL> grant read,write on directory expdp to scott;

Grant succeeded.

导出
[oracle@pi bin]$ expdp scott/tiger tables=emp directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp logfile=empdp.log

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Monday,02 November,2009 14:45:31

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning,OLAP and Data Mining options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":? scott/******** tables=emp directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp logfile=empdp.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"?????????????????????????????? 7.781 KB????? 13 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
? /tmp/empdp.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:45:43

导入
[oracle@pi bin]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp tables=emp

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Monday,2009 15:07:50

Copyright (c) 2003,OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":? scott/******** directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp tables=emp
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP"?????????????????????????????? 7.781 KB????? 13 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 15:07:53

impdp scott/tiger directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp tables=emp table_exists_action=replace

impdp scott/tiger directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp tables=emp schemas=scott

用户表：
expdp scott/tiger tables=emp directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp logfile=empdp.log schemas=scott

表空间：
expdp scott/tiger tables=emp directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp.dmp logfile=empdp.log tabespace=users

全库导出：
expdp scott/tiger tables=emp directory=expdp dumpfile=empdp%U.dmp logfile=empdp.log full=y parallel=4
同时有4个通道，文件取名为empdp_01(通道编号)

参数
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION?? Action to take if imported object already exists.
????????????????????? Valid keywords: (SKIP),APPEND,REPLACE and TRUNCATE.

skip：如果表已经存在，则跳过并处理下一个对象 append:是表增加数据 truncate:截断表，然后增加新数据 replace:是删除表，重新建表并添加数据

（编辑：李大同）

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