Proactor和Reactor模式_继续并发系统设计的扫盲
发布时间:2020-12-15 05:29:31 所属栏目:百科 来源:网络整理
导读:6.6.2008 Kevin Lynx Proactor和Reactor都是并发编程中的设计模式。在我看来,他们都是用于派发/分离IO操作事件的。这里所谓的 IO事件也就是诸如read/write的IO操作。"派发/分离"就是将单独的IO事件通知到上层模块。两个模式不同的地方 在于,Proactor用于异
6.6.2008
Kevin Lynx Proactor和Reactor都是并发编程中的设计模式。在我看来,他们都是用于派发/分离IO操作事件的。这里所谓的 IO事件也就是诸如read/write的IO操作。"派发/分离"就是将单独的IO事件通知到上层模块。两个模式不同的地方 在于,Proactor用于异步IO,而Reactor用于同步IO。 摘抄一些关键的东西: " Two patterns that involve event demultiplexors are called Reactor and Proactor [1]. The Reactor patterns involve synchronous I/O,whereas the Proactor pattern involves asynchronous I/O. " 关于两个模式的大致模型,从以下文字基本可以明白: " An example will help you understand the difference between Reactor and Proactor. We will focus on the read operation here,as the write implementation is similar. Here's a read in Reactor: * An event handler declares interest in I/O events that indicate readiness for read on a particular socket ; * The event demultiplexor waits for events ; * An event comes in and wakes-up the demultiplexor,and the demultiplexor calls the appropriate handler; * The event handler performs the actual read operation,handles the data read,declares renewed interest in I/O events,and returns control to the dispatcher . By comparison,here is a read operation in Proactor (true async): * A handler initiates an asynchronous read operation (note: the OS must support asynchronous I/O). In this case,the handler does not care about I/O readiness events,but is instead registers interest in receiving completion events; * The event demultiplexor waits until the operation is completed ; * While the event demultiplexor waits,the OS executes the read operation in a parallel kernel thread,puts data into a user-defined buffer,and notifies the event demultiplexor that the read is complete ; * The event demultiplexor calls the appropriate handler; * The event handler handles the data from user defined buffer,starts a new asynchronous operation,and returns control to the event demultiplexor. " 可以看出,两个模式的相同点,都是对某个IO事件的事件通知(即告诉某个模块,这个IO操作可以进行或已经完成)。在结构 上,两者也有相同点:demultiplexor负责提交IO操作(异步)、查询设备是否可操作(同步),然后当条件满足时,就回调handler。 不同点在于,异步情况下(Proactor),当回调handler时,表示IO操作已经完成;同步情况下(Reactor),回调handler时,表示 IO设备可以进行某个操作(can read or can write),handler这个时候开始提交操作。 用select模型写个简单的reactor,大致为: /// class handler { public: virtual void onRead() = 0; virtual void onWrite() = 0; virtual void onAccept() = 0; }; class dispatch { public: void poll() { // add fd in the set. // // poll every fd int c = select( 0,&read_fd,&write_fd,0 ); if( c > 0 ) { for each fd in the read_fd_set { if fd can read _handler->onRead(); if fd can accept _handler->onAccept(); } for each fd in the write_fd_set { if fd can write _handler->onWrite(); } } } void setHandler( handler *_h ) { _handler = _h; } private: handler *_handler; }; /// application class MyHandler : public handler { public: void onRead() { } void onWrite() { } void onAccept() { } }; 在网上找了份Proactor模式比较正式的文档,其给出了一个总体的UML类图,比较全面: 根据这份图我随便写了个例子代码: class AsyIOProcessor { public: void do_read() { //send read operation to OS // read io finished.and dispatch notification _proactor->dispatch_read(); } private: Proactor *_proactor; }; class Proactor { public: void dispatch_read() { _handlerMgr->onRead(); } private: HandlerManager *_handlerMgr; }; class HandlerManager { public: typedef std::list<Handler*> HandlerList; public: void onRead() { // notify all the handlers. std::for_each( _handlers.begin(),_handlers.end(),onRead ); } private: HandlerList *_handlers; }; class Handler { public: virtual void onRead() = 0; }; // application level handler. class MyHandler : public Handler { public: void onRead() { // } }; Reactor通过某种变形,可以将其改装为Proactor,在某些不支持异步IO的系统上,也可以隐藏底层的实现,利于编写跨平台 代码。我们只需要在dispatch(也就是demultiplexor)中封装同步IO操作的代码,在上层,用户提交自己的缓冲区到这一层, 这一层检查到设备可操作时,不像原来立即回调handler,而是开始IO操作,然后将操作结果放到用户缓冲区(读),然后再 回调handler。这样,对于上层handler而言,就像是proactor一样。详细技法参见这篇文章。 其实就设计模式而言,我个人觉得某个模式其实是没有完全固定的结构的。不能说某个模式里就肯定会有某个类,类之间的 关系就肯定是这样。在实际写程序过程中也很少去特别地实现某个模式,只能说模式会给你更多更好的架构方案。 最近在看spserver的代码,看到别人提各种并发系统中的模式,有点眼红,于是才来扫扫盲。知道什么是leader follower模式, reactor,proactor,multiplexing,对于心中的那个网络库也越来越清晰。 最近还干了些离谱的事,写了传说中的字节流编码,用模板的方式实现,不但保持了扩展性,还少写很多代码;处于效率考虑, 写了个static array容器(其实就是template <typename _Tp,std::size_t size> class static_array { _Tp _con[size]), 加了iterator,遵循STL标准,可以结合进STL的各个generic algorithm用,自我感觉不错。基础模块搭建完毕,解析了公司 服务器网络模块的消息,我是不是真的打算用自己的网络模块重写我的验证服务器?在另一个给公司写的工具里,因为实在厌恶 越来越多的重复代码,索性写了几个宏,还真的做到了代码的自动生成:D。 对优雅代码的追求真的成了种癖好. = =| 转自http://www.cppblog.com/kevinlynx/archive/2008/06/06/52356.html (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |