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react-native之ART绘图详解

发布时间:2020-12-15 05:10:56 所属栏目:百科 来源:网络整理
导读:背景 在移动应用的开发过程中,绘制基本的二维图形或动画是必不可少的。然而,考虑到Android和iOS均有一套各自的API方案,因此采用一种更普遍接受的技术方案,更有利于代码的双平台兼容。 art是一个旨在多浏览器兼容的Node style CommonJS模块。在它的基础上

背景

在移动应用的开发过程中,绘制基本的二维图形或动画是必不可少的。然而,考虑到Android和iOS均有一套各自的API方案,因此采用一种更普遍接受的技术方案,更有利于代码的双平台兼容。

art是一个旨在多浏览器兼容的Node style CommonJS模块。在它的基础上,Facebook又开发了react-art ,封装art,使之可以被react.js所使用,即实现了前端的svg库。然而,考虑到react.js的JSX语法,已经支持将 等等svg标签直接插入到dom中(当然此时使用的就不是react-art库了)此外还有HTML canvas的存在,因此,在前端上,react-art并非不可替代。

然而,在移动端,考虑到跨平台的需求,加之web端的技术积累,react-art成为了现成的绘制图形的解决方案。react-native分别在0.10.0和0.18.0上添加了iOS和Android平台上对react-art的支持。

示例代码

React.js和React-Native的区别,只在于下文所述的ART获取上,然后该例子就可以同时应用在Web端和移动端上了。react-art自带的官方例子:Vector-Widget

Vector-Widget额外实现了旋转,以及鼠标点击事件的旋转加速响应。Web端可以看到点击加速,但是在移动端无效,原因是React Native并未对Group中onMouseDown和onMouseUp属性作处理。本文着重于静态svg的实现,暂时无视动画部分效果即可。

ART

在React Native中ART是个非常重要的库,它让非常酷炫的绘图及动画变成了可能。需要注意的是,在React Native引入ART过程中,Android默认就包含ART库,IOS需要单独添加依赖库。

ios添加依赖库

1、使用xcode中打开React-native中的iOS项目,选中‘Libraries’目录 ——> 右键选择‘Add Files to 项目名称’ ——> ‘node_modules/react-native/Libraries/ART/ART.xcodeproj’ 添加;

2、选中项目根目录 ——> 点击’Build Phases‘ ——> 点击‘Link Binary With Libraries’ ——> 点击左下方‘+’ ——> 选中‘libART.a’添加。

基础组件

ART暴露的组件共有7个,本文介绍常用的四个组件:Surface、Group、Shape、Text。

  • Surface - 一个矩形可渲染的区域,是其他元素的容器
  • Group - 可容纳多个形状、文本和其他的分组
  • Shape - 形状定义,可填充
  • Text - 文本形状定义

属性

Surface

  • width : 渲染区域的宽
  • height : 定义渲染区域的高

Shape

  • d : 定义绘制路径
  • stroke : 描边颜色
  • strokeWidth : 描边宽度
  • strokeDash : 定义虚线
  • fill : 填充颜色

Text

  • funt : 字体样式,定义字体、大小、是否加粗 如: bold 35px Heiti SC

Path

  • moveTo(x,y) : 移动到坐标(x,y)
  • lineTo(x,y) : 连线到(x,y)
  • arc() : 绘制弧线
  • close() : 封闭空间

代码示例

绘制直线

import React from 'react'
import {
    View,ART
} from 'react-native'

export default class Line extends React.Component{

    render(){

        const path = ART.Path();
        path.moveTo(1,1); //将起始点移动到(1,1) 默认(0,0)
        path.lineTo(300,1); //连线到目标点(300,1)

        return(
            <View style={this.props.style}>
                <ART.Surface width={300} height={2}>
                    <ART.Shape d={path} stroke="#000000" strokeWidth={1} />
                </ART.Surface>
            </View>
        )
    }
}

绘制虚线

了解strokeDash的参数,
[10,5] : 表示绘10像素实线在绘5像素空白,如此循环
[10,5,20,5] : 表示绘10像素实线在绘制5像素空白在绘20像素实线及5像素空白

import React from 'react'
import {
    View,ART
} from 'react-native'

const {Surface,Shape,Path} = ART;

export default class DashLine extends React.Component{

    render(){

        const path = Path()
            .moveTo(1,1)
            .lineTo(300,1);

        return(
            <View style={this.props.style}>
                <Surface width={300} height={2}>
                    <Shape d={path} stroke="#000000" strokeWidth={2} strokeDash={[10,5]}/>
                </Surface>
            </View>
        )
    }
}

绘制矩形

首先通过lineTo绘制三条边,在使用close链接第四条边。fill做颜色填充.

import React from 'react'
import {
    View,Path} = ART;

export default class Rect extends React.Component{

    render(){

        const path = new Path()
            .moveTo(1,1)
            .lineTo(1,99)
            .lineTo(99,1)
            .close();

        return(
            <View style={this.props.style}>
                <Surface width={100} height={100}>
                    <Shape d={path} stroke="#000000" fill="#892265" strokeWidth={1} />
                </Surface>
            </View>
        )
    }
}

绘圆

了解arc(x,y,radius)的使用,终点坐标距离起点坐标的相对距离。

import React from 'react'
import {
    View,Path} = ART;

export default class Circle extends React.Component{

    render(){

        const path = new Path()
            .moveTo(50,1)
            .arc(0,99,25)
            .arc(0,-99,25)
            .close();


        return(
            <View style={this.props.style}>
                <Surface width={100} height={100}>
                    <Shape d={path} stroke="#000000" strokeWidth={1}/>
                </Surface>
            </View>
        )
    }
}

绘制文字

了解funt属性的使用,规则是“粗细 字号 字体”
注意: 字体应该是支持path属性的,应该是实现bug并没有不生效。 Android通过修改源码是可以解决的,IOS没看源码。

import React,{Component} from 'react';
import {
    AppRegistry,StyleSheet,ART,View
} from 'react-native';

const {Surface,Text,Path} = ART;

export default class ArtTextView extends Component {

    render() {

        return (
            <View style={styles.container}>
                <Surface width={100} height={100}>
                    <Text strokeWidth={1} stroke="#000" font="bold 35px Heiti SC" path={new Path().moveTo(40,40).lineTo(99,10)} >React</Text>
                </Surface>

            </View>

        );
    }
}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
    container: {
        flex: 1,justifyContent: 'center',alignItems: 'center',backgroundColor: '#F5FCFF',},});

绘制扇形

在这里需要使用arc做路径绘制。
Wedge.js

import React,{ Component,PropTypes } from 'react';
import { ART } from 'react-native';
const { Shape,Path } = ART;

/** * Wedge is a React component for drawing circles,wedges and arcs. Like other * ReactART components,it must be used in a <Surface>. */
export default class Wedge extends Component<void,any,any> {

    static propTypes = {
        outerRadius: PropTypes.number.isRequired,startAngle: PropTypes.number.isRequired,endAngle: PropTypes.number.isRequired,originX: PropTypes.number.isRequired,originY: PropTypes.number.isRequired,innerRadius: PropTypes.number,};


    constructor(props : any) {
        super(props);
        (this:any).circleRadians = Math.PI * 2;
        (this:any).radiansPerDegree = Math.PI / 180;
        (this:any)._degreesToRadians = this._degreesToRadians.bind(this);
    }

    /** * _degreesToRadians(degrees) * * Helper function to convert degrees to radians * * @param {number} degrees * @return {number} */
    _degreesToRadians(degrees : number) : number {
        if (degrees !== 0 && degrees % 360 === 0) { // 360,720,etc.
            return (this:any).circleRadians;
        }
        return degrees * (this:any).radiansPerDegree % (this:any).circleRadians;
    }

    /** * _createCirclePath(or,ir) * * Creates the ReactART Path for a complete circle. * * @param {number} or The outer radius of the circle * @param {number} ir The inner radius,greater than zero for a ring * @return {object} */
    _createCirclePath(or : number,ir : number) : Path {
        const path = new Path();

        path.move(0,or)
            .arc(or * 2,0,or)
            .arc(-or * 2,or);

        if (ir) {
            path.move(or - ir,0)
                .counterArc(ir * 2,ir)
                .counterArc(-ir * 2,ir);
        }

        path.close();

        return path;
    }

    /** * _createArcPath(sa,ea,ca,or,ir) * * Creates the ReactART Path for an arc or wedge. * * @param {number} startAngle The starting degrees relative to 12 o'clock * @param {number} endAngle The ending degrees relative to 12 o'clock * @param {number} or The outer radius in pixels * @param {number} ir The inner radius in pixels,greater than zero for an arc * @return {object} */
    _createArcPath(originX : number,originY : number,startAngle : number,endAngle : number,or : number,ir : number) : Path {
        const path = new Path();

        // angles in radians
        const sa = this._degreesToRadians(startAngle);
        const ea = this._degreesToRadians(endAngle);

        // central arc angle in radians
        const ca = sa > ea ? (this:any).circleRadians - sa + ea : ea - sa;

        // cached sine and cosine values
        const ss = Math.sin(sa);
        const es = Math.sin(ea);
        const sc = Math.cos(sa);
        const ec = Math.cos(ea);

        // cached differences
        const ds = es - ss;
        const dc = ec - sc;
        const dr = ir - or;

        // if the angle is over pi radians (180 degrees)
        // we will need to let the drawing method know.
        const large = ca > Math.PI;

        // TODO (sema) Please improve theses comments to make the math
        // more understandable.
        //
        // Formula for a point on a circle at a specific angle with a center
        // at (0,0):
        // x = radius * Math.sin(radians)
        // y = radius * Math.cos(radians)
        //
        // For our starting point,we offset the formula using the outer
        // radius because our origin is at (top,left).
        // In typical web layout fashion,we are drawing in quadrant IV
        // (a.k.a. Southeast) where x is positive and y is negative.
        //
        // The arguments for path.arc and path.counterArc used below are:
        // (endX,endY,radiusX,radiusY,largeAngle)

        path.move(or + or * ss,or - or * sc) // move to starting point
            .arc(or * ds,or * -dc,large) // outer arc
            .line(dr * es,dr * -ec);   // width of arc or wedge

        if (ir) {
            path.counterArc(ir * -ds,ir * dc,ir,large); // inner arc
        }

        return path;
    }

    render() : any {
        // angles are provided in degrees
        const startAngle = this.props.startAngle;
        const endAngle = this.props.endAngle;
        // if (startAngle - endAngle === 0) {
        // return null;
        // }

        // radii are provided in pixels
        const innerRadius = this.props.innerRadius || 0;
        const outerRadius = this.props.outerRadius;

        const { originX,originY } = this.props;

        // sorted radii
        const ir = Math.min(innerRadius,outerRadius);
        const or = Math.max(innerRadius,outerRadius);

        let path;
        if (endAngle >= startAngle + 360) {
            path = this._createCirclePath(or,ir);
        } else {
            path = this._createArcPath(originX,originY,startAngle,endAngle,ir);
        }

        return <Shape {...this.props} d={path} />;
    }
}

示例代码:

import React from 'react'
import {
    View,ART
} from  'react-native'

const {Surface} = ART;
import Wedge from './Wedge'

export default class Fan extends React.Component{

    render(){

        return(
            <View style={this.props.style}>
                <Surface width={100} height={100}>
                    <Wedge
                     outerRadius={50}
                     startAngle={0}
                     endAngle={60}
                     originX={50}
                     originY={50}
                     fill="blue"/>

                </Surface>
            </View>
        )
    }
}

综合示例

相关代码:

/**
 * Sample React Native App
 * https://github.com/facebook/react-native
 * @flow
 */

import React,{
    Component
}from 'react';
import {
    ART as Art,View,Dimensions,TouchableWithoutFeedback,Animated
} from 'react-native';

var HEART_SVG = "M130.4-0.8c25.4 0 46 20.6 46 46.1 0 13.1-5.5 24.9-14.2 33.3L88 153.6 12.5 77.3c-7.9-8.3-12.8-19.6-12.8-31.9 0-25.5 20.6-46.1 46-46.2 19.1 0 35.5 11.7 42.4 28.4C94.9 11 111.3-0.8 130.4-0.8"
var HEART_COLOR = 'rgb(226,38,77,1)';
var GRAY_HEART_COLOR = "rgb(204,204,1)";

var FILL_COLORS = [
    'rgba(221,70,136,1)','rgba(212,106,191,'rgba(204,142,245,'rgba(0,0)'
];

var PARTICLE_COLORS = [
    'rgb(158,202,250)','rgb(161,235,206)','rgb(208,148,246)','rgb(244,141,166)','rgb(234,171,104)','rgb(170,163,186)'
]

getXYParticle = (total,i,radius) => {
    var angle = ( (2 * Math.PI) / total ) * i;

    var x = Math.round((radius * 2) * Math.cos(angle - (Math.PI / 2)));
    var y = Math.round((radius * 2) * Math.sin(angle - (Math.PI / 2)));
    return {
        x: x,y: y,}
}

getRandomInt = (min,max) => {
    return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}

shuffleArray = (array) => {
    for (var i = array.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        var j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
        var temp = array[i];
        array[i] = array[j];
        array[j] = temp;
    }
    return array;
}


var {
    Surface,Group,Path
} = Art;

//使用Animated.createAnimatedComponent对其他组件创建对话
//创建一个灰色的新型图片
var AnimatedShape = Animated.createAnimatedComponent(Shape);

var {
    width: deviceWidth,height: deviceHeight
} = Dimensions.get('window');

export default  class ArtAnimView extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);

        this.state = {
            animation: new Animated.Value(0)
        };
    }

    explode = () => {
        Animated.timing(this.state.animation,{
            duration: 1500,toValue: 28
        }).start(() => { this.state.animation.setValue(0); this.forceUpdate(); }); } getSmallExplosions = (radius,offset) => {
        return [0,1,2,3,4,5,6].map((v,t) => { var scaleOut = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,5.99,6,13.99,14,21],outputRange: [0,0],extrapolate: 'clamp' }); var moveUp = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,14],-15],extrapolate: 'clamp' }); var moveDown = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,15],extrapolate: 'clamp' }); var color_top_particle = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [6,8,10,12,17,outputRange: shuffleArray(PARTICLE_COLORS) }) var color_bottom_particle = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [6,outputRange: shuffleArray(PARTICLE_COLORS) }) var position = getXYParticle(7,radius) return ( <Group x={position.x + offset.x } y={position.y + offset.y} rotation={getRandomInt(0,40) * i} > <AnimatedCircle x={moveUp} y={moveUp} radius={15} scale={scaleOut} fill={color_top_particle} /> <AnimatedCircle x={moveDown} y={moveDown} radius={8} scale={scaleOut} fill={color_bottom_particle} /> </Group> ) },this) } render() { var heart_scale = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,.01,18,28],outputRange: [1,.1,1.2,1],extrapolate: 'clamp' }); var heart_fill = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,2],outputRange: [GRAY_HEART_COLOR,HEART_COLOR],extrapolate: 'clamp' }) var heart_x = heart_scale.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,outputRange: [90,}) var heart_y = heart_scale.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,outputRange: [75,}) var circle_scale = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,4],.3,extrapolate: 'clamp' }); var circle_stroke_width = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [0,7,10],15,extrapolate: 'clamp' }); var circle_fill_colors = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [1,4.99,5],outputRange: FILL_COLORS,extrapolate: 'clamp' }) var circle_opacity = this.state.animation.interpolate({ inputRange: [1,9.99,extrapolate: 'clamp' }) return ( <View style={styles.container}> <TouchableWithoutFeedback onPress={this.explode} style={styles.container}> <View style={{transform: [{scale: .8}]}}> <Surface width={deviceWidth} height={deviceHeight}> <Group x={75} y={200}> <AnimatedShape d={HEART_SVG} x={heart_x} y={heart_y} scale={heart_scale} fill={heart_fill} /> <AnimatedCircle x={89} y={75} radius={150} scale={circle_scale} strokeWidth={circle_stroke_width} stroke={FILL_COLORS[2]} fill={circle_fill_colors} opacity={circle_opacity} /> {this.getSmallExplosions(75,{x: 89,y: 75})} </Group> </Surface> </View> </TouchableWithoutFeedback> </View> ); } }; class AnimatedCircle extends Component { render() { var radius = this.props.radius; var path = Path().moveTo(0,-radius) .arc(0,radius * 2,radius) .arc(0,radius * -2,radius) .close(); return React.createElement(AnimatedShape); } } var styles = StyleSheet.create({ container: { flex: 1,} }); 

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