postgresql – 如何更改Postgres中的默认client_encoding？

数据库已设置为使用UTF8编码：

application_database=# l
                                                 List of databases
           Name       |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |          Access privileges
----------------------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+--------------------------------------
 postgres             | postgres | LATIN1   | en_US       | en_US       |
 application_database | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | postgres=CTc/postgres           +
                      |          |          |             |             | application_database=Tc/postgres
 template0            | postgres | LATIN1   | en_US       | en_US       | =c/postgres                     +
                      |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1            | postgres | LATIN1   | en_US       | en_US       | =c/postgres                     +
                      |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)

哪个according to the docs应该已经导致客户端使用UTF8作为其默认的client_encoding(强调我的)：

client_encoding (string)

Sets the client-side encoding (character set). The default is to use the database encoding.

但它没有：

$sudo psql --dbname=application_database
psql (9.1.19)
Type "help" for help.

application_database=# SHOW client_encoding;
 client_encoding
-----------------
 LATIN1
(1 row)

我甚至尝试过使用ALTER USER< user> SET …更改我登录的用户的默认配置：

application_database=# ALTER USER root SET client_encoding='UTF8';
ALTER ROLE
application_database=# SELECT usename,useconfig FROM pg_shadow;
         usename      |       useconfig
----------------------+------------------------
 postgres             |
 root                 | {client_encoding=UTF8}
 application_database |
(3 rows)

但这也没有效果：

$sudo psql --dbname=application_database
psql (9.1.19)
Type "help" for help.

application_database=# SELECT current_user;
 current_user
--------------
 root
(1 row)

application_database=# SHOW client_encoding;
 client_encoding
-----------------
 LATIN1
(1 row)

我系统上的任何PSQL文件都没有：

vagrant@app-database:~$cat ~/.psqlrc
cat: /home/vagrant/.psqlrc: No such file or directory
vagrant@app-database:~$cat /etc/psqlrc
cat: /etc/psqlrc: No such file or directory
vagrant@app-database:~$sudo su
root@app-database:/home/vagrant# cat ~/.psqlrc
cat: /root/.psqlrc: No such file or directory

我正在运行PosgreSQL 9.1：

application_database=# SELECT version();
                                                   version
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 9.1.19 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu,compiled by gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3,64-bit
(1 row)