sqlite3 的增删查找
发布时间:2020-12-12 20:03:39 所属栏目:百科 来源:网络整理
导读:研究了几天的数据库,终于把它给搞出来了。Sqlite是ios上最常用的数据库之一,大家还是有必要了解一下的。这是仿照网上的一个例子做的,有些部分写的不好,我稍作了修改,以讲解为主,主要让大家能够明白如何修改,明白原理,达到举一反三的目的。 先来看看
研究了几天的数据库,终于把它给搞出来了。Sqlite是ios上最常用的数据库之一,大家还是有必要了解一下的。这是仿照网上的一个例子做的,有些部分写的不好,我稍作了修改,以讲解为主,主要让大家能够明白如何修改,明白原理,达到举一反三的目的。 先来看看效果图
先来看看数据库方法类,将各个操作都封装在一个类里面,达到代码重用的目的,这是程序员都应该努力去实现的目标,这样在下一次用到同样的方法和类的时候,就可以直接使用封装好的类,可以节约大量的时间。 先来看看.h文件 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <sqlite3.h> #define kFilename @"testdb.db" @class sqlTestList; @interface sqlService : NSObject { sqlite3 *_database; } @property (nonatomic) sqlite3 *_database; -(BOOL) createTestList:(sqlite3 *)db;//创建数据库 -(BOOL) insertTestList:(sqlTestList *)insertList;插入数据 -(BOOL) updateTestList:(sqlTestList *)updateList;更新数据 -(NSMutableArray*)getTestList;获取全部数据 - (BOOL) deleteTestList:(sqlTestList *)deletList;删除数据: - (NSMutableArray*)searchTestList:(NSString*)searchString;查询数据库,searchID为要查询数据的ID,返回数据为查询到的数据 @end @interface sqlTestList : NSObject重新定义了一个类,专门用于存储数据 { int sqlID; NSString *sqlText; NSString *sqlname; } @property (nonatomic) sqlID; @property (nonatomic,retain) NSString *sqlText; @property (nonatomic,0)">sqlname; @end 再来看看.m文件 // sqlService.m SQLite3Test Created by fengxiao on 11-11-28. Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. // #import "sqlService.h" @implementation sqlService @synthesize _database; - (id)init { return self; } - (void)dealloc { [super dealloc]; } 获取document目录并返回数据库目录 - (NSString *)dataFilePath{ NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,NSUserDomainMask,YES); NSString *documentsDirectory = [paths objectAtIndex:0]; NSLog(@"=======%@",documentsDirectory); return [documentsDirectory stringByAppendingPathComponent:data.db"];这里很神奇,可以定义成任何类型的文件,也可以不定义成.db文件,任何格式都行,定义成.sb文件都行,达到了很好的数据隐秘性 } 创建,打开数据库 - (BOOL)openDB { 获取数据库路径 NSString *path = [self dataFilePath]; 文件管理器 NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager]; 判断数据库是否存在 BOOL find = [fileManager fileExistsAtPath:path]; 如果数据库存在,则用sqlite3_open直接打开(不要担心,如果数据库不存在sqlite3_open会自动创建) if (find) { NSLog(Database file have already existed.); 打开数据库,这里的[path UTF8String]是将NSString转换为C字符串,因为SQLite3是采用可移植的C(而不是 Objective-C)编写的,它不知道什么是NSString. if(sqlite3_open([path UTF8String],&_database) != SQLITE_OK) { 如果打开数据库失败则关闭数据库 sqlite3_close(self._database); NSLog(Error: open database file.); NO; } 创建一个新表 [self createTestList:self._database]; YES; } 如果发现数据库不存在则利用sqlite3_open创建数据库(上面已经提到过),与上面相同,路径要转换为C字符串 SQLITE_OK) { [self createTestList:self._database]; YES; } else { 如果创建并打开数据库失败则关闭数据库 sqlite3_close(self._database); NSLog(); NO; } NO; } 创建表 - (BOOL) createTestList:(sqlite3*)db { 这句是大家熟悉的SQL语句 char *sql = create table if not exists testTable(ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,testID int,testValue text,testName text)"; testID是列名,int 是数据类型,testValue是列名,text是数据类型,是字符串类型 sqlite3_stmt *statement; sqlite3_prepare_v2 接口把一条SQL语句解析到statement结构里去. 使用该接口访问数据库是当前比较好的的一种方法 NSInteger sqlReturn = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_database,sql,-1,&statement,nil); 第一个参数跟前面一样,是个sqlite3 * 类型变量, 第二个参数是一个 sql 语句。 第三个参数我写的是-1,这个参数含义是前面 sql 语句的长度。如果小于0,sqlite会自动计算它的长度(把sql语句当成以 结尾的字符串)。 第四个参数是sqlite3_stmt 的指针的指针。解析以后的sql语句就放在这个结构里。 第五个参数是错误信息提示,一般不用,为nil就可以了。 如果这个函数执行成功(返回值是 SQLITE_OK 且 statement 不为NULL ),那么下面就可以开始插入二进制数据。 如果SQL语句解析出错的话程序返回 if(sqlReturn != SQLITE_OK) { NSLog(Error: failed to prepare statement:create test table NO; } 执行SQL语句 int success = sqlite3_step(statement); 释放sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_finalize(statement); 执行SQL语句失败 if ( success != SQLITE_DONE) { NSLog(Error: failed to dehydrate:create table test NO; } NSLog(Create table 'testTable' successed.); YES; } 插入数据 -(BOOL) insertTestList:(sqlTestList *)insertList { 先判断数据库是否打开 ([self openDB]) { sqlite3_stmt *statement; 这个 sql 语句特别之处在于 values 里面有个? 号。在sqlite3_prepare函数里,?号表示一个未定的值,它的值等下才插入。 static INSERT INTO testTable(testID,testValue,testName) VALUES(?,?,?); int success2 = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_database,NULL); if (success2 != SQLITE_OK) { NSLog(Error: failed to insert:testTable); sqlite3_close(_database); 这里的数字1,2,3代表上面的第几个问号,这里将三个值绑定到三个绑定变量 sqlite3_bind_int(statement,12,[insertList.sqlText UTF8String],SQLITE_TRANSIENT); sqlite3_bind_text(statement,128)">3,[insertList.sqlname UTF8String],SQLITE_TRANSIENT); 执行插入语句 success2 = sqlite3_step(statement); 释放statement sqlite3_finalize(statement); 如果插入失败 if (success2 == SQLITE_ERROR) { NSLog(Error: failed to insert into the database with message.关闭数据库 sqlite3_close(_database); NO; } sqlite3_close(_database); 获取数据 - (NSMutableArray*)getTestList{ NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:10]; 判断数据库是否打开 ([self openDB]) { sqlite3_stmt *statement = nil; sql语句 SELECT testID,testName FROM testTable从testTable这个表中获取 testID,testName,若获取全部的话可以用*代替testID,testName。 if (sqlite3_prepare_v2(_database,&statement,NULL) !=Error: failed to prepare statement with message:get testValue. { //查询结果集中一条一条的遍历所有的记录,这里的数字对应的是列值,注意这里的列值,跟上面sqlite3_bind_text绑定的列值不一样!一定要分开,不然会crash,只有这一处的列号不同,注意! while (sqlite3_step(statement) == SQLITE_ROW) { sqlTestList* sqlList = [[sqlTestList alloc] init] ; sqlList.sqlID = sqlite3_column_int(statement,0); char* strText = (char*)sqlite3_column_text(statement,0)">1); sqlList.sqlText = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:strText]; char *strName = (2); sqlList.sqlname = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:strName]; [array addObject:sqlList]; [sqlList release]; } } sqlite3_finalize(statement); sqlite3_close(_database); } return [array retain];定义了自动释放的NSArray,这样不是个好办法,会造成内存泄露,建议大家定义局部的数组,再赋给属性变量。 } 更新数据 -(BOOL) updateTestList:(sqlTestList *)updateList{ ([self openDB]) { sqlite3_stmt *statement;这相当一个容器,放转化OK的sql语句 组织SQL语句 update testTable set testValue = ? and testName = ? WHERE testID = ?将SQL语句放入sqlite3_stmt中 int success = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_database,255)">if (success !=Error: failed to update:testTable这里的数字1,2,3代表第几个问号。这里只有1个问号,这是一个相对比较简单的数据库操作,真正的项目中会远远比这个复杂 绑定text类型的数据库数据 sqlite3_bind_text(statement,[updateList.sqlname UTF8String],[updateList.sqlText UTF8String],SQLITE_TRANSIENT); sqlite3_bind_int(statement,updateList.sqlID); 执行SQL语句。这里是更新数据库 success =如果执行失败 if (success ==Error: failed to update the database with message.执行成功后依然要关闭数据库 NO; } 删除数据 - (BOOL) deleteTestList:(sqlTestList *)deletList{ statement; delete from testTable where testID = ? and testValue = ? and testName = ?; Error: failed to delete:testTable这里的数字1,2,3代表第几个问号。这里只有1个问号,这是一个相对比较简单的数据库操作,真正的项目中会远远比这个复杂 sqlite3_bind_int(statement,deletList.sqlID); sqlite3_bind_text(statement,[deletList.sqlText UTF8String],[deletList.sqlname UTF8String],SQLITE_TRANSIENT); Error: failed to delete the database with message. NO; } 查询数据 - (NSMutableArray*)searchTestList:(NSString*)searchString{ NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:sql语句 NSString *querySQL = [NSString stringWithFormat:SELECT * from testTable where testName like "%@""const char *sql = [querySQL UTF8String]; char *sql = "SELECT * FROM testTable WHERE testName like ?";这里用like代替=可以执行模糊查找,原来是"SELECT * FROM testTable WHERE testName = ?" Error: failed to prepare statement with message:search testValue. NO; } { sqlTestList *searchList = [[sqlTestList alloc]init]; sqlite3_bind_int(statement,1,searchID); sqlite3_bind_text(statement,[searchString UTF8String],SQLITE_TRANSIENT); 查询结果集中一条一条的遍历所有的记录,这里的数字对应的是列值。 [[sqlTestList alloc] init] ; sqlList.sqlID = sqlite3_column_int(statement,128)">23 [NSString stringWithUTF8String:strName]; [array addObject:sqlList]; [sqlList release]; } [searchList release]; } sqlite3_finalize(statement); sqlite3_close(_database); } [array retain]; } @end @implementation sqlTestList刚才.h文件里定义的类在这实现 sqlID; sqlText; sqlname; -() init { sqlID = ; sqlText = @""; sqlname = ; self; }; -() dealloc { if ((sqlText != nil) && (sqlname != nil)) { [sqlText release]; [sqlname release]; } [super dealloc]; } 这就是封装好的类,可以重用哦!下面是添加数据页面 这也是一个类,来看.h文件 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> " operateSqlViewController : UIViewController { UITextField *idValue; UITextField *textValue; UITextField *textName; int oprateType;区分数据插入与更新 sqlTestList *sqlValue; } @property (nonatomic,retain) IBOutlet UITextField *idValue; @property (nonatomic,0)">textValue; @property (nonatomic,0)">textName; @property (nonatomic,retain) sqlTestList *sqlValue; @property (nonatomic) oprateType; operateSqlViewController.h operateSqlViewController idValue; textValue; oprateType; sqlValue; textName; - ()didReceiveMemoryWarning { Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; Release any cached data,images,etc. that aren't in use. } - ()viewDidLoad{ UIBarButtonItem *backButton = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:返回 style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered target:self action:@selector(dismiss:)]; UIBarButtonItem *saveButton =保存 style:UIBarButtonItemStyleBordered target:self action:@selector(saveValue:)]; [[self navigationItem] setLeftBarButtonItem:backButton]; [[self navigationItem] setRightBarButtonItem:saveButton]; [backButton release]; [saveButton release]; if (oprateType == ) { [self.navigationItem setTitle:数据插入]; } else if(oprateType == ){ [self.navigationItem setTitle:数据更新]; idValue.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:%d sqlValue.sqlText; textName.text = sqlValue.sqlname; } } - ()viewDidUnload { idValue = nil; textValue = nil; textName = nil; sqlValue = nil; [super viewDidUnload]; Release any retained subviews of the main view. e.g. self.myOutlet = nil; } - ()dealloc { [idValue release]; [textValue release]; [sqlValue release]; [textName release]; [super dealloc]; } - (void)dismiss:()sender{ [[self parentViewController] dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES]; } - (void)saveValue:()sender{ if (idValue.text.length == ) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:提示 message:请输入ID" delegate:self cancelButtonTitle:好 otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; ; } if (textValue.text.length == ) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle: message:请输入电话" :self cancelButtonTitle: otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; if (textName.text.length == 请输入姓名; } 初始化数据库 sqlService *sqlSer = [[sqlService alloc] init]; 数据库插入 ) { sqlTestList *sqlInsert = [[sqlTestList alloc]init]; sqlInsert.sqlID = [idValue.text intValue]; sqlInsert.sqlText = textValue.text; sqlInsert.sqlname = textName.text; 调用封装好的数据库插入函数 ([sqlSer insertTestList:sqlInsert]) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:插入数据成功 otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; } { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:插入数据失败 otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; } [sqlInsert release]; } 数据库更新 ){ sqlTestList *newValue = [[sqlTestList alloc]init]; newValue.sqlID = [idValue.text intValue]; newValue.sqlText = textValue.text; newValue.sqlname =调用封装好的更新数据库函数 ([sqlSer updateTestList:newValue]) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:更新数据成功更新数据失败 otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; } [newValue release]; } } 代码写的有些啰嗦,不过不难容易看懂,不多解释了,要在xib文件中添加3个UITextField和ULabel,要记得连线。在主界面的.h文件 " @interface SQLite3TestViewController : UIViewController<UITableViewDelegate,UITableViewDataSource> { UITableView *utableView; NSArray *listData; UISearchBar *searchBar;//搜索栏 } @property (nonatomic,retain) IBOutlet UITableView *utableView; @property (nonatomic,retain) IBOutlet UISearchBar *searchBar; @property (nonatomic,retain) NSArray *listData; - (IBAction)insertValue; - (IBAction)updateValue; - (IBAction)getAllValue; - (IBAction)deleteValue; - (IBAction)searchValue; .m文件SQLite3TestViewController.m SQLite3TestViewController.h SQLite3TestViewController utableView; listData; searchBar; - ()viewDidLoad{ sqlService *sqlSer = [[sqlService alloc] init]; listData = [sqlSer getTestList];先初始化那个专门用于存数据的类,才调用类获取数据的方法 void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated{在这里写是为了等待时间缩短一点,数据如果很多的,在这里写可以让数据提前加载 sqlService *sqlSer = [[sqlService alloc] init]; listData = [sqlSer getTestList]; [sqlSer release]; [utableView reloadData]; } - ()viewDidUnload { utableView = nil; listData = nil; searchBar =)dealloc { [utableView release]; [listData release]; [searchBar release]; [super dealloc]; } - (IBAction)insertValue{ [searchBar resignFirstResponder];触发这个insertValue方法时隐藏键盘 operateSqlViewController *operateController = [[operateSqlViewController alloc] init ]; UINavigationController *theNavController = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:operateController];这里如果不初始化一个UINavigationController类的对象来存放operateSqlViewController类的UIViewController,就不会有最上面的导航栏了。 operateController.oprateType = 0;optrateType为0时为数据插入 [operateController release]; theNavController.navigationBar.tintColor = [UIColor blackColor]; [self presentModalViewController:theNavController animated:YES]; [theNavController release]; } - (IBAction)updateValue{ [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; NSIndexPath *indexPath = [utableView indexPathForSelectedRow]; if (indexPath == nil) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:请选择要更新的项; } NSUInteger row = [indexPath row]; sqlTestList *sqlList = [[sqlTestList alloc]init]; sqlList = [listData objectAtIndex:(row - 1)];在这里面获取点击的行,因为table的第一行没显示数据,所以这里要减1。 operateSqlViewController *operateController = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:operateController]; operateController.oprateType = 1;optrateType为1时为数据更新 operateController.sqlValue = sqlList; theNavController.navigationBar.tintColor = [UIColor blackColor]; [self presentModalViewController:theNavController animated:YES]; [sqlList release]; [operateController release]; [theNavController release]; } - (IBAction)getAllValue{ [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; sqlService *sqlSer = [sqlSer getTestList]; [utableView reloadData]; [sqlSer release]; } - (IBAction)deleteValue{ [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; NSIndexPath *indexPath = [utableView indexPathForSelectedRow]; 请选择要删除的项)]; sqlService *sqlSer = [[sqlService alloc] init]; ([sqlSer deleteTestList:sqlList]) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle: message:删除数据成功" :self cancelButtonTitle: otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; 删除成功后重新获取数据更新列表 listData = [sqlSer getTestList]; [utableView reloadData]; } { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:删除数据失败; } [sqlList release]; [sqlSer release]; } - (IBAction)searchValue{ if ([searchBar.text isEqualToString:]) { UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:请输入要查询数据的ID { int idNum = [searchBar.text intValue]; NSString *str = searchBar.text; sqlService *sqlSer = [[sqlService alloc] init]; listData = [sqlSer searchTestList:str]; if ([listData count] == sorry,未查询到数据,请查看name是否有误 otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; ; } [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; [utableView reloadData]; [sqlSer release]; } } #pragma mark - #pragma mark Table View Data Source Methods - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { Return the number of rows in the section. return [listData count] + 从第二行开始,第一行不显示数据 } - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { NSString *CustomIdentifier = [NSString stringWithFormat:cell%dcell不重用 UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CustomIdentifier]; if (indexPath.row == ) cell.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyleNone; if ( cell == nil ) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleValue1 reuseIdentifier:CustomIdentifier] autorelease]; cell.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; } if (indexPath.row > ) { NSUInteger row = [indexPath row]; sqlTestList *sqlList = [[sqlTestList alloc] init] ; if (listData != nil) sqlList = [listData objectAtIndex: (row - 读取数据的时候也要减一行,从第二行开始 UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0+40,128)">10,128)">70,128)">30)]; UILabel *IDLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(90+)]; UILabel *valueLabel = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(180+)]; nameLabel.text = sqlList.sqlname; IDLabel.text = sqlList.sqlText; valueLabel.text = [NSString stringWithFormat: { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i ++) { UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(90 * i + )]; NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:姓名",0)">ID电话 [array objectAtIndex:i]; label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]; [cell.contentView addSubview:label]; [label release]; } } cell; } - (NSIndexPath*)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView willSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { [searchBar resignFirstResponder]; ) { return nil;让第一行不能点击 } else indexPath; } @end (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |