Oracle数据库-select查询语句

备注：

一、 常用的数据字典：

dba_data_files:通常用来查询关于数据库文件的信息

dba_db_links:包括数据库中的所有数据库链路，也就是databaselinks。

dba_extents:数据库中所有分区的信息

dba_free_space:所有表空间中的自由分区

dba_indexs:关于数据库中所有索引的描述

dba_ind_columns:在所有表及聚集上压缩索引的列

dba_objects:数据库中所有的对象

dba_rollback_segs:回滚段的描述

dba_segments:所有数据库段分段的存储空间

dba_synonyms:关于同义词的信息查询

dba_tables:数据库中所有数据表的描述

dba_tabespaces:关于表空间的信息

dba_tab_columns:所有表描述、视图以及聚集的列

dba_tab_grants/privs:对象所授予的权限

dba_ts_quotas:所有用户表空间限额

dba_users:关于数据的所有用户的信息

dba_views:数据库中所有视图的文本

二、常用的动态性能视图：

v$database: 数据库信息

v$datafile：数据库使用的数据文件信息

v$librarycache：共享池中SQL语句的管理信息

v$lock：通过访问数据库会话，设置对象锁的所有信息

v$log：从控制文件中提取有关重做日志组的信息

v$logfile有关实例重置日志组文件名及其位置的信息

v$parameter：初始化参数文件中所有项的值

v$process：当前进程的信息

v$rollname：回滚段信息

v$rollstat：联机回滚段统计信息

v$rowcache：内存中数据字典活动/性能信息

v$session:有关会话的信息

v$sesstat：在v$session中报告当前会话的统计信息

v$sqlarea：共享池中使用当前光标的统计信息，光标是一块内存区域，有Oracle处理SQL语句时打开。

v$statname：在v$sesstat中报告各个统计的含义

v$sysstat：基于当前操作会话进行的系统统计

v$waitstat：出现一个以上会话访问数据库的数据时的详细情况。当有一个以上的会话访问同一信息时，可出现等待情况。

三、查询用户信息

1、查看数据库实例

select * from v$database;

2、查询所有用户信息(解锁状态,表空间等)

select * from dba_users;

3、查询当前用户信息

select * from dba_ustats;

4、 查看当前用户的角色

SQL>select * from user_role_privs;

5、 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限

SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;

SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;

6、 查看当前用户的缺省表空间

SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;

7、 查看用户下所有的表

SQL>select * from user_tables;

SQL>select * from dba_tables where owner='大写用户名字';

8、 查看用户下所有的表的列属性

SQL>select * from USER_TAB_COLUMNS where table_name=:table_Name;

9、 显示当前会话所具有的权限

SQL>select * from session_privs;

10、 显示指定用户所具有的系统权限

SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GAME';

11、 显示特权用户

select * from v$pwfile_users;

二、查询表

1、 查看用户下所有的表

SQL>select * from user_tables;

2、 查看名称包含log字符的表

SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects

where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;

3、 查看某表的创建时间

SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');

4、 查看某表的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&table_name');

5、 查看放在Oracle的内存区里的表

SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;

三、 查看索引信息

1、 查看索引个数和类别

SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;

2、 查看索引被索引的字段

SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');

3、 查看索引的大小

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments

where segment_name=upper('&index_name');

4 序列号

1、 查看序列号，last_number是当前值

SQL>select * from user_sequences;

四、查看视图

1、 查看视图的名称

SQL>select view_name from user_views;

2、 查看创建视图的select语句

SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;

SQL>set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小

SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');

五、同义词

1、 查看同义词的名称

SQL>select * from user_synonyms;

六、约束条件

1、 查看某表的约束条件

SQL>select constraint_name,constraint_type,search_condition,r_constraint_name

from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');

SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name

from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc

where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')

and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name

order by cc.position;

七、存储函数和过程

1、 查看函数和过程的状态

SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';

SQL>select object_name,0);">user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';

2、 查看函数和过程的源代码

SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name')；

八、常用SQL查询：

1、查看表空间的名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size

from dba_tablespaces t,dba_data_files d

where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name

group by t.tablespace_name;

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

select tablespace_name,file_id,file_name,

round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space

from dba_data_files

order by tablespace_name;

3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name,tablespace_name,r.status,

(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,

max_extents,v.curext CurExtent

From dba_rollback_segs r,v$rollstat v

Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)

order by segment_name;

4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile;

5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;

6、查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name

from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED,C.BYTES FREE,

(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"

FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C

WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

7、查看数据库库对象

select owner,object_type,status,count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner,status;

8、查看数据库的版本　

Select version FROM Product_component_version

Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created,Log_Mode,Log_Mode From V$Database;

捕捉运行很久的SQL

column username format a12

column opname format a16

column progress format a8

select username,sid,opname,

round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,

time_remaining,sql_text

from v$session_longops,v$sql

where time_remaining <> 0

and sql_address = address

and sql_hash_value = hash_value

查看数据表的参数信息

SELECT partition_name,high_value,high_value_length,

pct_free,pct_used,ini_trans,max_trans,initial_extent,

next_extent,min_extent,max_extent,pct_increase,FREELISTS,

freelist_groups,LOGGING,BUFFER_POOL,num_rows,blocks,

empty_blocks,avg_space,chain_cnt,avg_row_len,sample_size,

last_analyzed

FROM dba_tab_partitions

--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner

ORDER BY partition_position

查看还没提交的事务

select * from v$locked_object;

select * from v$transaction;

查找object为哪些进程所用

select

p.spid,

s.sid,

s.serial# serial_num,

s.username user_name,

a.type object_type,

s.osuser os_user_name,

a.owner,

a.object object_name,

decode(sign(48 - command),

1,

to_char(command),'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,

p.program oracle_process,

s.terminal terminal,

s.program program,

s.status session_status

from v$session s,v$access a,v$process p

where s.paddr = p.addr and

s.type = 'USER' and

a.sid = s.sid and

a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'

order by s.username,s.osuser

回滚段查看

select rownum,sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name,v$rollstat.extents

Extents,v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes,v$rollstat.xacts XActs,

v$rollstat.gets Gets,v$rollstat.waits Waits,v$rollstat.writes Writes,

sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat,sys.dba_rollback_segs,

v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and

v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum

耗资源的进程（top session）

select s.schemaname schema_name,decode(sign(48 - command),status

session_status,s.osuser os_user_name,s.sid,p.spid,s.serial# serial_num,

nvl(s.username,'[Oracle process]') user_name,s.terminal terminal,st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st,v$session s,v$process p

where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'

or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc,p.spid asc,s.username asc,s.osuser asc

查看锁（lock）情况

select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,ls.username user_name,

decode(ls.type,'RW','Row wait enqueue lock','TM','DML enqueue lock','TX',

'Transaction enqueue lock','UL','User supplied lock') lock_type,

o.object_name object,decode(ls.lmode,null,2,'Row Share',3,

'Row Exclusive',4,'Share',5,'Share Row Exclusive',6,'Exclusive',null)

lock_mode,o.owner,ls.sid,ls.serial# serial_num,ls.id1,ls.id2

from sys.dba_objects o,( select s.osuser,s.username,l.type,

l.lmode,s.serial#,l.id1,l.id2 from v$session s,

v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner

<> 'SYS' order by o.owner,o.object_name

查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT v$waitstat.class,v$waitstat.count count,SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value

FROM v$waitstat,v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',

'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class,v$waitstat.count

查看sga情况

SELECT NAME,BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

19。查看catched object

SELECT owner,name,db_link,namespace,

type,sharable_mem,loads,executions,

locks,pins,kept FROM v$db_object_cache

查看V$SQLAREA

SELECT SQL_TEXT,SHARABLE_MEM,PERSISTENT_MEM,RUNTIME_MEM,SORTS,

VERSION_COUNT,LOADED_VERSIONS,OPEN_VERSIONS,USERS_OPENING,EXECUTIONS,

USERS_EXECUTING,LOADS,FIRST_LOAD_TIME,INVALIDATIONS,PARSE_CALLS,DISK_READS,

BUFFER_GETS,ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA

查看object分类数量

select decode (o.type#,'INDEX','TABLE','CLUSTER','VIEW',

'SYNONYM','SEQUENCE','OTHER' ) object_type,count(*) quantity from

sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,3

,'SYNONYM','OTHER' ) union select

'COLUMN',count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK',count(*) from

22。按用户查看object种类

select u.name schema,sum(decode(o.type#,NULL)) indexes,

sum(decode(o.type#,NULL)) tables,NULL))

clusters,NULL)) views,

NULL)) synonyms,NULL)) sequences,NULL,1))

others from sys.obj$ o,sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =

o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by

sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT',count(*) from sys.con$

有关connection的相关信息

1）查看有哪些用户连接

select s.osuser os_user_name,to_char(command),

'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,p.program oracle_process,

status session_status,s.program program,s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,'' query,

0 memory,0 max_memory,0 cpu_usage,s.serial# serial_num

from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'

order by s.username,s.osuser

2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

select n.name,

v.value,

n.class,

n.statistic#

from v$statname n,

v$sesstat v

where v.sid = 71 and

v.statistic# = n.statistic#

order by n.class,n.statistic#

3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */

command_type,

sql_text,

sharable_mem,

persistent_mem,

runtime_mem,

sorts,

version_count,

loaded_versions,

open_versions,

users_opening,

executions,

users_executing,

loads,

first_load_time,

invalidations,

parse_calls,

disk_reads,

buffer_gets,

rows_processed,

sysdate start_time,

sysdate finish_time,

'>' || address sql_address,

'N' status

from v$sqlarea

where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)

4）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

select n.name,n.statistic#

5）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */

command_type,

'N' status

from v$sqlarea

where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)

查询表空间使用情况

select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",

100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",

round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",

round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",

round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",

Largest "最大扩展段(M)",

to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"

from (select f.tablespace_name,

sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,

sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes

from dba_data_files f

group by tablespace_name) a,

(select f.tablespace_name,

sum(f.bytes) bytes_free

from dba_free_space f

group by tablespace_name) b,

(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,

ts.name tablespace_name

from sys.fet$ ff,sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts

where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#

group by ts.name,tf.blocks) c

where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name

查询表空间的碎片程度

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name

having count(tablespace_name)>10;

alter tablespace name coalesce;

alter table name deallocate unused;

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as

select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space

union all

select tablespace_name,segment_name from dba_extents;

select * from ts_blocks_v;

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space

group by tablespace_name;

查询有哪些数据库实例在运行

select inst_name from v$active_instances;

//取得服务器的IP 地址

select utl_inaddr.get_host_address from dual

//取得客户端的IP地址

select sys_context('userenv','host'),sys_context('userenv','ip_address') from dual

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/l106439814/article/details/7777727#comments

（编辑：李大同）

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