|
Oracle数据库常用的Sql语句整理
查看当前用户的缺省表空间 ： select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
2、查看用户下所有的表 ： select * from user_tables;
3、创建表空间 ：CREATE TABLESPACE invocie DATAFILE ‘/data/InvoiceData/invoicebak/invocie_01.dbf‘ Size 4096M AUTOEXTEND OFF；
CREATE TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data01.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data02.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data03.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_data04.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO；
REATE TABLESPACE "MIS_IDX" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_idx01.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/mis_idx02.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
extent management local autoallocate segment space management auto
CREATE TABLESPACE "USER_DATA" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data01.dbf‘ SIZE 15728640000,
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data02.dbf‘ SIZE 20971520000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data01.dbf‘ RESIZE 31457280000
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_data02.dbf‘ resize 31457280000
?
CREATE TABLESPACE "USER_IDX" DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_idx01.dbf‘ SIZE 10485760000
LOGGING ONLINE PERMANENT BLOCKSIZE 8192
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE
‘/opt/oracle/devdb/oradata/user_idx01.dbf‘ resize 26214400000
?
4、创建用户并赋权限 ： CREATE USER invocie_dev identified by invocie_dev default tablespace invocie; grant connect,resource to invocie_dev;
CREATE USER "S6MISM"?identified by? “S6MISM”
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
?
CREATE USER "YYII_S6MISM"??identified by? “YYII_S6MISM”
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
CREATE USER "TEAMB0"??identified by? “TEAMB0”
DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USER_DATA"
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
?
5、解锁用户：alter user scott account unlock;
SELECT * FROM dba_users WHERE username = ‘SCOTT‘;
ALTER USER SCOTT account LOCK; --锁定用户
ALTER USER SCOTT account UNLOCK; --解锁用户
COMMIT;
?
6．重设用户密码：scott/tiger为默认用户，alter?user?scott?identified?by?tiger;
SELECT password FROM dba_users WHERE username = ‘SCOTT‘;
alter user SCOTT identified by new_password; --修改用户密码
7、创建表：create?table?t1(c1?type?约束,c2?type?约束（not?null,unique,check,primary?key））;
?
CREATE TABLE "S6MISM"."CUSTOM"
( "FACT_NO" CHAR(4) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"CUSTOM_NO" VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"HKCUSTOM_NO" CHAR(6),
"AREA_CODE" VARCHAR2(5),
"CUSTOM_NAME" VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"TRAN_COUNTRY" VARCHAR2(30),
"DIST_COUNTRY" VARCHAR2(30),
"SIZEMARK_DESC" VARCHAR2(10),
"CHINA_RM" CHAR(1),
"SHIP_TO_ADDR" VARCHAR2(270),
"MARK_NO" CHAR(3),
"BRAND_NO" CHAR(2),
"SPEC_PACKAGE" CHAR(1),
"SIZEMARK1_DESC" VARCHAR2(20),
"AGENT_NAME" VARCHAR2(22),
"APACK_MK" CHAR(1),
"CUNT_CODE" CHAR(3),
"PRINT_MK" CHAR(1) DEFAULT (‘Y‘) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"CUSTOM_CODE" CHAR(12),
"MODIFY_USER" VARCHAR2(60),
"MODIFY_DT" CHAR(14),
"CONSIGNEE" VARCHAR2(400),
"NOTIFY" VARCHAR2(200),
"DIV_CODE" CHAR(4),
"ISGROUP_RMK" CHAR(1) DEFAULT ‘N‘ NOT NULL ENABLE,
"GROUP_FACT_NO" CHAR(4),
"SHIPPER" VARCHAR2(300),
CONSTRAINT "PK_CUSTOM" PRIMARY KEY ("FACT_NO","CUSTOM_NO","BRAND_NO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_IDX" ENABLE,
CONSTRAINT "CKC_CHINA_RM_CUSTOM" CHECK ( CHINA_RM is null or (CHINA_RM in (‘Y‘,‘N‘))) ENABLE NOVALIDATE,
CONSTRAINT "FK_CUSTOM_FK_AREAM__AREAM" FOREIGN KEY ("FACT_NO","AREA_CODE")
REFERENCES "S6MISM"."AREAM" ("FACT_NO","AREA_CODE") ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 131072 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"
CREATE TABLE "S6MISM"."BRAND"
( "FACT_NO" CHAR(4) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"BRAND_NO" CHAR(2) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"BRAND_NAME" CHAR(20) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"EDI_CODE" CHAR(1),
"CTN_PAIR" NUMBER(2,0),
"SIZE_KIND" CHAR(1) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"VOUM_NO" VARCHAR2(2) NOT NULL ENABLE,
"TRANHK_CODE" CHAR(4),
"BRAND_CODE" CHAR(4),
"INIT_STYLE_NO" CHAR(7),
"INIT_SIZE_KIND" CHAR(1) DEFAULT ‘2‘,
"BRAND_CODE_ADT" VARCHAR2(4),
CONSTRAINT "FK_BRAND" PRIMARY KEY ("FACT_NO","BRAND_NO")
USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STATISTICS
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_IDX" ENABLE
) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645
PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT)
TABLESPACE "MIS_DATA"
8. 查询：select?distinct?c1?from?t1?where?条件?group?by?c1?having?by?子条件order?by?c1;?
?SELECT MAIN_MAT_NO,sub_mat_no,level?
FROM MATBOM
--where level >1
START WITH sub_MAT_NO = ‘A020408G01A059 ‘
CONNECT BY PRIOR SUB_MAT_NO = MAIN_MAT_NO
;;
9. 连接字符串：select?c1 ||c2?from?t1;
10.查看当前系统时间 ：select sysdate from dual;
11.更新数据操作：插入记录：insert?into?t1(c1,c2)values(‘’,’’)；?
插入一字段:insert?into?t1(c1,c2)?select?c3,c4?from?t2;?
更新记录：update?t1??set?c1=’’?where? c1 = ‘‘
删除记录：delete?from?t1?where;truncate?table?t1;drop?table?t1;
12.创建外键:?create?table?t1(dept_no?varchar2(4)?not?null,?constraint?fk_emp?foreign?key?(dept_no)?references?t2(dept_no);
?对已经存在表创建外键: alter?table?t1?add?constraint?foreign_work_emp?foreign?key(c1)?references?t2(c1);?
?? 删除一个外键: alter?table?t1??drop?constraint?foreign_work_emp;
增加一个字段： alter table t1 add c1 varchar2(10);
13.多表查询:select?*?from?t1,t2;(笛卡尔集c1行*c2行)
14.嵌套查询select?c1?from?t1?where?c2?in(select?c2?from?t2?where?c3=(select?c3?from?t3));
15. 将小写字母变为大写字母 : select upper(‘hello‘) from dual;
将大写字母变为小写字母 : select lower(‘HELLO WORLD‘) from dual;
将第一个字母大写 : select initcap(‘hello world‘) from dual;
16. 将一个字符串转换成日期类型 : select to_date(‘2009-01-01‘,‘yyyy-mm-dd‘) from dual;
17.联合查询 : select e.empno,e.ename,d.deptno,d.dname,d.loc from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno;
18.查看当前有哪些用户连接到数据库 : select * from v$session where username=‘FMIS9999‘(select serial#,sid from v$session; 杀掉：alter system kill session ‘serial#,sid ‘;)
19. select count(*) from v$process --当前的连接数
select value from v$parameter where name = ‘processes‘ --数据库允许的最大连接数
?
修改最大连接数:
alter system set processes = 300 scope = spfile;
?
重启数据库:
shutdown immediate;
startup;
?
--查看当前有哪些用户正在使用数据
SELECT osuser,a.username,cpu_time/executions/1000000||‘s‘,sql_fulltext,machine
from v$session a,v$sqlarea b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by cpu_time/executions desc;
?
20.修改表空间名称
1、?使用oracle用户登录执行
? ? $sqlplus?/?as?sysdba
2、?执行修改表空间命令如下
? ? SQL>?alter?tablespace??TEST rename?to?TEST1;
?
21、备份表数据
create table xtyhxx_bak1013 as select * from xtyhxx;
?
22.修改oracle中内存占用大小
show parameter sga; --显示内存分配情况
alter system set sga_max_size=200m scope=spfile; --修改占用内存的大小
?
23.oracle怎么把一列数据插入到另一列
update [表名] set [另外一列]=[前一列]
24.修改字段名称
alter table [表名] rename column [oldCName] to [newCName];
添加字段的语法：alter table tablename add (column datatype [default value][null/not null],….);
修改字段的语法：alter table tablename modify (column datatype [default value][null/not null],….);
删除字段的语法：alter table tablename drop (column);
25、导入导出指定表数据
1、从源数据库导出：
exp user1/
[email?protected] file=c:tempexp.dmp tables=(table1,table2)
2、导入到目标数据库：
imp user2/
[email?protected] file=c:tempexp.dmp tables=(table1,table2)
3、imp,加上fromuser,touser,ignore=Y选项
imp ‘FMIS9999/
[email?protected]/invoiceone‘ file=/home/oracle/dump/PDF_QUEUE_20180505.DMP ignore=Y FULL=Y
?
26、查询表空间是否自动扩展
select file_name,autoextensible,increment_by from dba_data_files;
?
27.VICE_NAMES:?
SELECT * FROM global_name; -- 查看oracle的全局数据库名
SELECT * FROM v$database; -- 查看数据库名 show parameter db_name;
?
?28.数据库实例名对应着SID
-- SID: http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/glossary.htm#LADBI8021
-- linux下在配置oracle环境变量的情况可以使用 echo $ORACLE_SID,如果没有可以使用ps -ef |grep oracle 来查询，结果中的xxxx就是对应的SID。
-- oracle 2548 1 0 Aug17 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_xxxx
-- 在windows环境下,oracle是以后台服务的方式被管理的,所以看"控制面板->管理工具->服务 里面的名称:"OracleServiceORCL",则ORCL就是sid;
SELECT * FROM v$instance; --查看数据库实例名 show parameter instance_name;
select instance from v$thread;
-- show parameter是oracle的命令，不是标准SQL语句
-- 可以在sqlplus或者pl/sql dev的命令窗口执行
-- show parameter aaaa;等价于SELECT * FROM v$parameter WHERE name like ‘%aaaa%‘;
SELECT * FROM v$parameter WHERE name like ‘%name%‘; --等价于show parameter name;
select * from v$parameter where name like ‘%db_domain%‘; --查询数据库域名
29.?drop user
select username from all_users where username like ‘%SCOTT%‘;
drop user SCOTT cascade;
commit;
-- ERROR at line 1:
-- ORA-01940: cannot drop a user that is currently connected
?
30.KILL SESSION
select ‘ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ‘||‘‘‘‘||SID||‘,‘||SERIAL#||‘‘‘‘||‘;‘ as KILLER from v$session where username=‘SCOTT‘;
-- KILLER
-- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ‘363,35‘;
-- ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION ‘364,51‘;
commit;
?
31.drop role
select * from dba_roles where role like ‘%CONNECT%‘;
drop role CONNECT;
commit;
?
32.drop tablespace
select * from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name like ‘EXAMPLE‘;
drop tablespace EXAMPLE including contents and datafiles cascade constraints ;
-- including contents 删除表空间中的内容，如果删除表空间之前表空间中有内容，而未加此参数，表空间删不掉，所以习惯性的加此参数。
-- including datafiles 删除表空间中的数据文件。
-- cascade constraints 同时删除 tablespace 中表的外键参照。
33 如何创建dblink和视图
-- http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/SQLRF/statements_5006.htm#i2061505
?如果需要创建全局 DBLink，则需要先确定用户有创建 dblink 的权限：
select * from user_sys_privs where privilege like upper(‘%DATABASE LINK%‘);
-- 如果没有，则需要使用 sysdba 角色给用户赋权：
grant create public database link to dbusername;
-- 如果创建全局 dblink，必须使用 systm 或 sys 用户，在 database 前加 public。
create /* public */ database link dblink1
connect to dbusername identified by dbpassword
using ‘(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))‘;
-- 创建dblink后，就可以直接在dblink上创建视图
create or replace view cptp as (select SJDH from [email?protected]); drop view cptp;
34.锁表查询SQL
SELECT object_name,machine,s.sid,s.serial#
FROM gv$locked_object l,dba_objects o,gv$session s
WHERE l.object_id = o.object_id
AND l.session_id = s.sid;
35. 解除锁表
alter system kill session ‘sid,serial#‘;
36. 备份某个表
create table new_table as select * from old_table;
37 查看数据库是否在rac环境的集群中的
show parameter cluster_database;
select * from v$parameter where name = ‘cluster_database‘;
38.列操作
-- 增加和修改列不需要加关键字COLUMN
-- 删除单列的话，一定要加COLUMN，删除多列的时候，不能加COLUMN关键字
-- 增加一列alter table emp4 add test varchar2(10);-- 修改一列alter table emp4 modify test varchar2(20);-- 删除一列alter table emp4 drop column test;-- 增加多列alter table emp4 add (test varchar2(10),test2 number);-- 修改多列alter table emp4 modify (test varchar2(20),test2 varchar2(20));-- 删除多列alter table emp4 drop (test,test2);
（编辑：李大同）
【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容!
|
