AIX上安装oracle10g
AIX上安装oracle10g：建议将oracle软件装在本地磁盘，数据文件放在共享存储上 安装数据库需提前规划的工作： ? DBCA 创建数据库时，如果勾了EM选项，则会检测监听。 ? ? 首先rootpre 必须进入root用户下执行，配置环境 1. xclock 时钟 检查系统图形界面是否正常 2. 图形界面一定要加载 .dtprofile 加载执行. ./.profile ? ?1.调整文件系统大小 df -g chfs -a size=nG /filesystem ------另外再增加nG用chfs -a size=+nG /filesystem命令； 若想将一个大的文件系统缩小(比如将一个20G的文件系统缩小为5G)，可以用chfs -a size=5G /filesystem命令，这样就将20G文件系统缩为5G了； 2.创建数据库安装独立文件系统 创建独立的文件系统来安装oracle软件 smitty mklv rootvg oraclelv smitty crfs /oracle 创建vg来存放数据文件 smitty mkvg datavg smitty datalv smitty crfs /data ? /u01 /u02 ? 3.?查看内存 [aix201:root:/]/usr/sbin/lsattr -E -l sys0 -a realmem realmem 4194304 Amount of usable physical memory in Kbytes False ? 4.?查看交换区大小(paging space) [aix201:root:/]/usr/sbin/lsps -a Page Space Physical Volume Volume Group?Size %Used Active Auto Type Chksum hd6 hdisk0 rootvg 6912MB?1 yes yes lv 0 ? 调整交换区大小(chps)：smitty chps lsps -a 交换区大小根据内存大小而定，当内存为1G至2G时，交换区为内存的1.5倍；当内存大小为2G至8G时，交换区大小等于内存大小；当内存大小为8G以上时，交换区为内存的0.75倍(这是10g的需求)； ? 交换区大小根据内存大小而定，当内存为1G至2G时，交换区为内存的1.5倍；当内存大小为2G至16G时，交换区大小等于内存大小；当内存大小为16G以上时，交换区大小就设为16G(这是11g的需求) ? 5.确认系统是32位的还是64位的：/usr/bin/getconf?HARDWARE_BITMODE ? 6.确定系统版本：oslevel -r或oslevel -s ? 7.?查看需要安装软件包 lslpp-l bos.adt.base bos.adt.lib bos.adt.libm bos.perf.perfstat bos.perf.libperfstat bos.perf.proctools ? [aix201:root:/]os.adt.libm bos.perf.perfstat bos.perf.libperfstat bos.perf.proctools < Fileset Level State Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Path: /usr/lib/objrepos bos.adt.base 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Base Application Development Toolkit bos.adt.lib 6.1.2.0 COMMITTED Base Application Development Libraries bos.adt.libm 6.1.6.0 COMMITTED Base Application Development Math Library bos.perf.libperfstat 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Library Interface bos.perf.perfstat 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Interface bos.perf.proctools 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Proc Filesystem Tools ? Path: /etc/objrepos bos.adt.base 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Base Application Development Toolkit bos.perf.libperfstat 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Library Interface bos.perf.perfstat 6.1.1.0 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Interface? [aix201:root:/]lslpp -l | grep xlC xlC.aix61.rte 11.1.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime for AIX 6.1 xlC.cpp 9.0.0.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Preprocessor xlC.msg.en_US.cpp 9.0.0.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Preprocessor xlC.msg.en_US.rte 11.1.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime xlC.rte 11.1.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime xlC.sup.aix50.rte 9.0.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime for AIX 5.2 [aix201:root:/] ? 8.?查看补丁 # /usr/sbin/instfix -i -k "IY63133 IY64978 IY63366 IY64691 IY65001 IY64737 IY64361 IY65305 IY58350 IY63533" ? 9.确定主机名(hostname)，域名(domainname)，hosts文件(/etc/hosts) 10.?Installing on Multihomed Computers?---多ip多网络时需要用到的 11.建组和用户：oinstall和dba组，oracle用户 mkgroup -‘A‘ id=‘1000‘ adms=‘root‘ oinstall mkgroup -‘A‘ id=‘1200‘ adms=‘root‘ dba? ---可进入smitty user?与?smitty group里设置 给oracle用户设置密码：passwd oracle，然后登录测试 ? oracle升级时需要oraInventory目录，此目录不能随意删除 ? 12.修改系统对文件大小的限制：vi /etc/security/limits，就是将default参数全改成-1，重新登录生效(也可以在建用户的时候改)，用ulimits -a查看修改后的参数； ? 13.改变系统参数：smitty chgsys将每个用户允许的最大进程数改为16384 或用命令改：chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=‘16384‘ chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=256 14.创建目录结构 mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1 chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle/app chmod -R 775 /oracle/app ? 15.上传安装介质并解压，注意改成oracle所有 解压gz文件用gunzip *.gz即可 file?文件名?---可以查看文件是什么类型的文件 cpio文件解压：cpio -idcmv < *.cpio zip文件解压：unzip *.zip ? 16.设置环境变量(安装完设置也可以) export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH ? ? 17.?修改图形环境变量设置：字符界面设置了环境变量后在图形界面调用不了，此时需要编辑$HOME/.dtprofile里的#DTSOURCEPROFILE=true，将注释去掉即可； ? 注意：如果图形终端登录不正常 1.编辑/etc/hosts 文本里必须有IP地址和主机名的对应关系 127.0.0.1?行不能删除，而且此行不能有主机名出现 cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 loopback localhost # loopback (lo0) name/address 192.168.1.201 aix201 2.查看oracle用户home目录，核对权限 ? 18. root?跑rootpre：在执行安装前必须用root用户执行下rootpre目录下的rootpre.sh脚本，即./rootpre.sh，然后再执行安装； ? 19. oracle用户进行安装，图形终端：另有时由于安装oracle不支持系统的版本时，可在安装时忽略版本检测，加个参数：即./runInstaller?-ignoreSysPrereqs，不需要改版本号，这和linux改版本号不同 如果安装过程出错可查看vi /etc/oraI*文件，编辑里面的路径，改为$ORACLE_HOME(家目录)，然后再试试； ? oracle升级，软件和库都要升级，先升级软件再建库，这样建的库就是新的库，否则在安装软件时同时建库，后面升级时软件和库都要升级，比较麻烦； ? ---rmuser -p oracle ---删除oracle用户 ---进入oracle家目录删除oracle文件夹：rm -rf oracle ? ? ??aix上删除oracle10g查看实例有没启动：ps -ef|grep smon 有无oracle进程启动：ps -ef|grep ora 删除软件： 删除oracle用户rm -rf /oracle 删除家目录下的用户目录：/home/oracle /tmp下删除：rm -rf /tmp/.oracle，rm -rf /tmp/ora* rm -rf /var/tmp/ora* rm -rf /etc/ora* ? 注意：删除用户时，不仅要删除用户名也要删除/home目录下以用户名命名的文件夹； ? ? ? ? oracle软件升级软件安装完后就可以用oracle用户升级软件了，解压升级包 还是执行./runInstaller，选择n 会提示使用root用户执行：slibclean命令，然后再执行./runInstaller就进入了软件升级界面； ? root用户执行root.sh脚本 [aix201:root:/oracle/software]/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/root.sh Running Oracle10 root.sh script... ? The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1 ? Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n) [n]: y Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n) [n]: y Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n) [n]: y Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... ? Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created ? Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. ? ? ? 在存储上建库：存储划分，mapping给主机放数据文件 在主机上创建vg--lv--fs--mount 创建vg：smitty mkvg vg名为datavg 创建lv：smitty mklv lv名为datalv 在datalv上创建文件系统：smitty crfs 创建好的文件系统挂载到：/u01 改变挂载点的属主与属组： [aix201:root:/]chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01 [aix201:root:/]chmod -R 775 /u01 DBCA?建库，oracle用户在图形终端执行：dbca ? 软件升级后建库时要选custom database，否则就白升级了，建完库还要升级库； ? ---软件升级完后就建库了，用DBCA建库，oracle用户图形终端执行 ---默认oracle的库会建在/oracle/app/oracle目录下 ? 生产库上闪回一般都不开，闪回是做测试用的； 10g数据库安装时要先安装基础版本10201，然后升级到相应的高版本，不能直接安装高版本，11g没有这个要求，随便安装哪个版本都行； 10g的sga实现了自动管理，pga还不能自动管理，11g的pga和sga都实现了自动管理； ? 创建监听(有两种方法:netca和netmgr)： netca ? $ netca Oracle Net Services Configuration: Configuring Listener:LISTENER Default local naming configuration complete. Listener configuration complete. Oracle Net Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully. Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0 ? netmgr：创建完监听后，连接 数据库注册下监听：alter system register ? $netmgr LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aix201)(PORT = 1521)) ) ? $ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Mar 27 15:15:32 2013 Copyright (c) 1982,2007,Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning,OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ? SQL> alter system register; System altered. ? SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ? $ lsnrctl status?---查看监听状态，若监听是默认名则不需加监听名，否则要加监听名，如lsnrctl status listener1 LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 27-MAR-2013 15:16:02 Copyright (c) 1991,Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aix201)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production Start Date 27-MAR-2013 15:14:50 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 12 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP ON Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=aix201)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl",status READY,has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orcl_XPT" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl",has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully ---监听状态里出现ready的是动态注册监听，出现unknown的是静态注册； ? 删除监听：在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下删除listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件即可，即rm listen*和rm tnsname* ? cd - //回到上一次的目录 ? ? ? ? 裸设备建库：裸设备只能存放一个数据文件，有多少数据文件就需要建多少裸设备； 新建vg smitty mkvg 新建名为oravg的vg pp为256M 新建lv mklv -y ora_system01?-T O -w n?-t raw?-s n -r n?oravg 12?---只关注红色字体部分 mklv -y ora_sysaux01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 12 mklv -y ora_undotbs01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 16 mklv -y ora_temp01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 16 mklv -y ora_users01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 4 mklv -y ora_redo01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 2 mklv -y ora_redo02 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 2 mklv -y ora_redo03 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 2 mklv -y ora_control01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 1 mklv -y ora_control02 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 1 mklv -y ora_control03 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 1 mklv -y ora_spfile -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n oravg 1 以上是命令方式，也可以用smitty mklv命令建； ? ls -l ora_* ls -l rora_* chown oracle.oinstall rora_* chmod 660 rora_* [aix201:root:/dev]ls -l rora_* crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,9 Mar 27 15:44 rora_control01 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,10 Mar 27 15:44 rora_control02 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,11 Mar 27 15:44 rora_control03 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,6 Mar 27 15:44 rora_redo01 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,7 Mar 27 15:44 rora_redo02 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,8 Mar 27 15:44 rora_redo03 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,12 Mar 27 15:44 rora_spfile crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,2 Mar 27 15:43 rora_sysaux01 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,1 Mar 27 15:43 rora_system01 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,4 Mar 27 15:44 rora_temp01 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,3 Mar 27 15:43 rora_undotbs01 crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 39,5 Mar 27 15:44 rora_users01 在弹出的界面上设置路径和在裸设备上的文件名 路径：/dev/，文件名：rora_control01 依次将控制文件，重做数据文件，表空间等里的路径和文件名设置好； 裸设备建库需要建的数据文件、控制文件、参数文件和密码文件： system=/dev/rora1_system01 sysaux=/dev/rora1_sysaux01 undotbs1=/dev/rora1_undotbs01 users=/dev/rora1_users01 temp=/dev/rora1_temp01 redo1_1=/dev/rora1_redo01 redo1_2=/dev/rora1_redo02 redo1_3=/dev/rora1_redo03 control1=/dev/rora1_control01 control2=/dev/rora1_control02 control3=/dev/rora1_control03 spfile=/dev/rora1_spfile pwdfile=/dev/rora1_pwdfile ? 裸设备建库需要建的参数文件内容： rawdb.__db_cache_size=348127232 rawdb.__java_pool_size=4194304 rawdb.__large_pool_size=4194304 rawdb.__oracle_base=‘/u01/app/oracle‘#ORACLE_BASE set from environment rawdb.__pga_aggregate_target=343932928 rawdb.__sga_target=515899392 rawdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0 rawdb.__shared_pool_size=150994944 rawdb.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/rawdb/adump‘ *.audit_trail=‘db‘ *.compatible=‘11.2.0.0.0‘ *.control_files=‘/dev/rora1_control01‘,‘/dev/rora1_control02‘,‘/dev/rora1_control03‘ *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain=‘‘ *.db_name=‘rawdb‘ *.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘ *.memory_target=858783744 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘ *.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS01‘ ? -----ASM可以加裸盘，高端存储一般只用4块盘，同一个raid中多划出一个lun就会多一次?IO；oracle 11.2RAC就不支持HA了； ? 裸设备建lv会生成两种类型的文件：b---建文件系统用，c----建裸设备用；先建lv再给权限，再建表空间：create tablespace test datafile ‘/dev/rtest_lv‘ size 10M; rmlv -f test_lv cd /dev:ls -l *disk* ----查看裸盘，建了lv的才叫裸设备； ? AIX系统启动时会先找/home/用户名/.profile文件，若找不到就会去找/etc/profile文件； ? ? ????AIX上安装oracle11g---安装完操作系统，再安装appdev，server，cde，ssh等boundles(smitty installp)，最后再 升级系统(smitty update_all)；? tar包只能root用户来解压： tar -zxvf database.tar.gz ---.gz解压时要用-zxvf来解压 tar -xvf database.tar ---tar包直接用-xvf来解压 给文件打包：tar -cvf test.tar test ---打包时要压缩的话，要用-zcvf参数 查看tar包内容：tar -tvf test.tar ? ? 1.?安装操作系统 2.?安装appdev server cde ssh 3. update os ? 4.?调整文件系统大小 df -g chfs -a size=nG /filesystem ? 5.?创建数据库安装独立文件系统 smitty mklv rootvg oraclelv smitty crfs /oracle ? smitty mkvg datavg smitty datalv smitty crfs /data ? /u01 /u02 ? 6.?查看内存 [aix201:root:/]/usr/sbin/lsattr -E -l sys0 -a realmem realmem 4194304 Amount of usable physical memory in Kbytes False ? 7.?查看paging space [aix201:root:/]/usr/sbin/lsps -a Page Space Physical Volume Volume Group Size %Used Active Auto Type Chksum hd6 hdisk0 rootvg 6912MB 1 yes yes lv 0 ? 调整：smitty chps ? [aix201:root:/]lsps -a Page Space Physical Volume Volume Group Size %Used Active Auto Type Chksum hd6 hdisk0 rootvg 8192MB 1 yes yes lv 0 ? 8.?确认系统32位还是64位 [aix201:root:/]/usr/bin/getconf HARDWARE_BITMODE 64 ? ls -l /unix unix -> /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 ? bootinfo -K 64 ? 9.?查看系统版本 oslevel -r oslevel -s ? 7.?查看需要安装软件包 lslpp -l bos.adt.base bos.adt.lib bos.adt.libm bos.perf.perfstat bos.perf.libperfstat bos.perf.proctools ? smitty installp 安装基础包可能导致系统版本降低，需要再次升级 smitty update_all ? [aix201:root:/]os.adt.libm bos.perf.perfstat bos.perf.libperfstat bos.perf.proctools < Fileset Level State Description ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Path: /usr/lib/objrepos bos.adt.base 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Base Application Development Toolkit bos.adt.lib 6.1.2.0 COMMITTED Base Application Development Libraries bos.adt.libm 6.1.6.0 COMMITTED Base Application Development Math Library bos.perf.libperfstat 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Library Interface bos.perf.perfstat 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Interface bos.perf.proctools 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Proc Filesystem Tools Path: /etc/objrepos bos.adt.base 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Base Application Development Toolkit bos.perf.libperfstat 6.1.6.16 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Library Interface bos.perf.perfstat 6.1.1.0 COMMITTED Performance Statistics Interface [aix201:root:/]lslpp -l | grep xlC xlC.aix61.rte 11.1.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime for AIX 6.1 xlC.cpp 9.0.0.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Preprocessor xlC.msg.en_US.cpp 9.0.0.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Preprocessor xlC.msg.en_US.rte 11.1.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime xlC.rte 11.1.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime xlC.sup.aix50.rte 9.0.0.1 COMMITTED XL C/C++ Runtime for AIX 5.2 [aix201:root:/] ? 8.?查看补丁 # /usr/sbin/instfix -i -k "IY63133 IY64978 IY63366 IY64691 IY65001 IY64737 IY64361 IY65305 IY58350 IY63533" ? 9.?确认主机名，域名，hosts文件 hostname domainname /etc/hosts ? 10. Installing on Multihomed Computers Bourne,Bash,or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_HOSTNAME=somehost.us.acme.com $ export ORACLE_HOSTNAME ? 11.?用户和组 oinstall dba oracle ? mkgroup -‘A‘ id=‘1000‘ oinstall mkgroup -‘A‘ id=‘1200‘ dba mkuser id=‘1100‘ pgrp=‘oinstall‘ groups=‘dba‘ fsize=‘-1‘ data=‘-1‘ stack=‘-1‘ core=‘-1‘ rss=‘-1‘ nofiles=‘-1‘ oracle ? passwd oracle，登录测试，否则用户家目录下没有.dtprofile文件，重新登录图形界面测试就会有了； ? 12.?改限制 [aix_204:root:/]vi /etc/security/limits default: fsize = 2097151 core = 2097151 cpu = -1 data = 262144 rss = 65536 stack = 65536 nofiles = 2000 改： default: fsize = -1 core = -1 cpu = -1 data = -1 rss = -1 stack = -1 nofiles = -1 ? 注意：改完后重新登录 [aix_204:root:/]ulimit -a time(seconds) unlimited file(blocks) unlimited data(kbytes) unlimited stack(kbytes) 4194304 memory(kbytes) unlimited coredump(blocks) unlimited nofiles(descriptors) unlimited threads(per process) unlimited processes(per user) unlimited ? 13.?改变系统参数 smit chgsys ? chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=‘16384‘ chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=256 ? 14.?创建目录结构 mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1 chown -R oracle.oinstall /oracle/app chmod -R 775 /oracle/app ? 15.?上传安装介质并解压，注意改成oracle所有 tar -xvf database.tar ? 16.?设置环境变量 export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH ? 17.?修改图形环境变量设置 vi $HOME/.dtprofile # DTSOURCEPROFILE=true 改：去掉注释，否则profile不能生效； DTSOURCEPROFILE=true ? ? 注意：如果图形终端登录不正常 a.编辑/etc/hosts 必须有IP地址和主机名的对应关系 127.0.0.1?行不能删除，而且此行不能有主机名出现 cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 loopback localhost # loopback (lo0) name/address 192.168.1.201 aix201 b.查看oracle用户home目录，核对权限 ? 18.?root?跑rootpre [aix201:root:/oracle/software/Disk1]cd rootpre [aix201:root:/oracle/software/Disk1/rootpre]ls ORCLcluster loadext pw-syscall pw-syscall32 pw-syscall64 rootpre.sh [aix201:root:/oracle/software/Disk1/rootpre]./rootpre.sh ./rootpre.sh output will be logged in /tmp/rootpre.out_13-03-27.11:24:00 Saving the original files in /etc/ora_save_13-03-27.11:24:00.... Copying new kernel extension to /etc.... Loading the kernel extension from /etc Oracle Kernel Extension Loader for AIX Copyright (c) 1998,1999 Oracle Corporation Successfully loaded /etc/pw-syscall.64bit_kernel with kmid: 0x50a1c000 Successfully configured /etc/pw-syscall.64bit_kernel with kmid: 0x50a1c000 The kernel extension was successfuly loaded. Configuring Asynchronous I/O.... Asynchronous I/O is not installed on this system. You will need to install it,and either configure it yourself using ‘smit aio‘ or rerun the Oracle root installation procedure. Configuring POSIX Asynchronous I/O.... Posix Asynchronous I/O is not installed on this system. You will need to install it,and either configure it yourself using ‘smit aio‘ or rerun the Oracle root installation procedure. Checking if group services should be configured.... Nothing to configure. ? 19. oracle用户进行安装,图形终端 ./runInstaller-ignoreSysPrereqs For ignoring the results of the system pre-requisite checks. ? 执行root脚本 [aix201:root:/oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory]./orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory to 775. Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall. ? [aix201:root:/]/oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/root.sh Running Oracle10 root.sh script... The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Creating /usr/local/bin directory... Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. ? 20. root用户执行 #slibclean ? 21. oracle用户升级软件 ./runInstaller ? 22. root用户执行root.sh脚本 [aix201:root:/oracle/app]cd oraI* [aix201:root:/oracle/app/oraInventory]ls ContentsXML oraInst.loc oui install.platform oraInstaller.properties logs orainstRoot.sh [aix201:root:/oracle/app/oraInventory]./orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /oracle/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions for world. Changing groupname of /oracle/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [aix201:root:/oracle/app/oraInventory]cd [aix201:root:/]/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/root.sh Running Oracle 11g root.sh script... The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n) [n]: y Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n) [n]: y Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n) [n]: y Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. Finished product-specific root actions. ? 23.?存储划分，mapping给主机放数据文件 主机创建vg--lv--fs--mount smitty mkvg datavg smitty mklv datalv smitty crfs /u01 ? [aix201:root:/]chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01 [aix201:root:/]chmod -R 775 /u01 ? 24. DBCA?建库，oracle用户图形终端执行 dbca ? 25.?配置监听 $ netca Oracle Net Services Configuration: Configuring Listener:LISTENER Default local naming configuration complete. Listener configuration complete. Oracle Net Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /oracle/app/oracle/product/10.2/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully. Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0 ? ? $netmgr LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = aix201)(PORT = 1521)) ) ? $ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Mar 27 15:15:32 2013 Copyright (c) 1982,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ? SQL> alter system register; ? System altered. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ? $ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 27-MAR-2013 15:16:02 Copyright (c) 1991,has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully ? ? #vncserver #vncpasswd ---修改vnc密码 ? 如果要连接另一个库时，先export ORACLE_SID=rawdb，转到另一个SID，查看一下echo $ORACLE_SID，然后用这个SID来连接库；
数据库打开的三个阶段： nomount状态读取pfile，pfile里记录了：内存分配情况，dump信息和控制文件位置信息； mount状态读取控制文件，控制文件记录了数据库的结构信息； open状态：加载数据文件； ? 11g的告警日志文件和参数文件放在trace目录下 show parameter dump ---可以查看到trace的路径 alter database backup controlfile to trace；---将控制文件备份到trace，到trace目录下去找就可以了(老师有sql语句能查到备份的.trc，如下) 获取trace文件路径 select c.value || ‘/‘ || d.instance_name || ‘_ora_‘ || a.spid || ‘.trc‘ trace from v$process a,v$session b,v$parameter c,v$instance d where a.addr = b.paddr and b.audsid = userenv(‘sessionid‘) and c.name = ‘user_dump_dest‘; 或者可以指定到对应目录：alter database backup controlfile to trace as ‘/home/control.ctl‘； redo块的大小与操作系统块大小是一致的，与oracle数据块不相关； ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 手工实现11g在裸设备上建库平台：IBM AIX 570 PP大小128M ? mklv -y?ora_system01?-T O -w n?-t raw?-s n -r n?rootvg 4 mklv -y ora_sysaux01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 4 mklv -y ora_undotbs01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 2 mklv -y ora_temp01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 2 mklv -y ora_users01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_redo01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_redo02 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_redo03 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_control01 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_control02 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_control03 -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 mklv -y ora_spfile -T O -w n -t raw -s n -r n rootvg 1 ? chown oracle:oinstall /dev/rora_* ? db_name = rawdb ? ? ? 1.?设置环境变量 每台主机都建 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=rawdb export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH ? 2.?用oracle用户建立需要的目录 SQL> show parameter dump NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ background_core_dump string partial background_dump_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ orcl/orcl/trace core_dump_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ orcl/orcl/cdump max_dump_file_size string unlimited shadow_core_dump string partial user_dump_dest string /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ orcl/orcl/trace ? adump?审计信息，放置审计文件 bdump?放置后台进程的trace文件和alert log,就是说?alert_sid.log也存在这个目录中 cdump core dump?当数据库崩溃的时候，把内存结构生成dump，cdump有文件肯定是 大文件。一般是用来日志应用程序的除非数据库出了问题，否则基本上不会有什么信息 dpdump?存放一些登录信息 udump server process出问题的trace文件，前台手动trace的，比如sql trace之后session的trace文件 pfile?是个空文件，只有一句话，是指向spfile的(create spfile=/dev/rora_spfile from pfile)。真正的目录在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs ? ? mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/bdump mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/cdump mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/dpdump mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/udump mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/scripts chmod -R 755 $ORACLE_BASE/admin --------------------------------------------- ? mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/alert mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/cdump mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/hm mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/incident mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/incpkg mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/ir mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/lck mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/metadata mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/stage mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/sweep mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID/trace chmod -R 755 $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$ORACLE_SID ? ? 3.?建初始化参数文件 建一个pfile,pfile文件名为init<ORACLE_SID>.ora?即initrawdb.ora $ cat initrawdb.ora rawdb.__db_cache_size=348127232 rawdb.__java_pool_size=4194304 rawdb.__large_pool_size=4194304 rawdb.__oracle_base=‘/u01/app/oracle‘#ORACLE_BASE set from environment rawdb.__pga_aggregate_target=343932928 rawdb.__sga_target=515899392 rawdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0 rawdb.__shared_pool_size=150994944 rawdb.__streams_pool_size=0 *.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/rawdb/adump‘ *.audit_trail=‘db‘ *.compatible=‘11.2.0.0.0‘ *.control_files=‘/dev/rora_control01‘,‘/dev/rora_control02‘,‘/dev/rora_control03‘ *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_domain=‘‘ *.db_name=‘rawdb‘ *.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle‘ *.memory_target=858783744 *.open_cursors=300 *.processes=150 *.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘ *.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS01‘ ? ? create spfile from pfile 把spfile move?到存储上 本地的pfile(pfile内写的内容：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initraw.ora)指向spfile ? ? #以下为建库必需参数 裸设备直接用设备的名字作为控制文件的名字 UNDOTBS1需要和建库的名字对应起来 db_name?跟db_unique_name一样就可以了 memory_target?给oracle60%，系统是64G内存如果按60%系统就生20+G没什么必要给系统那么多，可以提升到80% open_cursors=1500，processes=1500?设大是为了做压力测试，以后可以调整 open_cursors?基本是每个session打开一个cursor，一个游标执行三次就放到session cached cursors，如果里面存了20个，oracle就认为打开了20个open_cursors ? control_files=(/dev/rora_control01,/dev/rora_control02,/dev/rora_control03) undo_management=AUTO undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1 db_name=rawdb db_unique_name=rawdb db_block_size=8192 memory_target=2500M open_cursors=1500 processes=1500 ? 4.?建立密码文件 sysdba权限可以开关数据库，dba没有权限开关数据库 sqlplus / as sysdba?操作系统认证，oracle用户属于dba组，系统认为有权限管理oracle 远程以sysdba登录过去，就需要使用这个密码文件。 ? $ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwrawdb password=oracle force=y entries=5 ? ? 5.?建spfile后启动实例并开始建库 $ sqlplus ‘/as sysdba‘ SQL> create spfile=‘/dev/rora_spfile‘ from pfile;?（会自动读取pfile：$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora） vi pfile spfile=/dev/rora_spfile ? SQL> startup nomount ? --建立了控制文件 --建立了空的表空间和数据文件 reuse如果有控制文件覆盖 控制文件里有物理结构，LRBA，控制文件里有归档日志的产生记录,历史信息，RMAN的元数据 MAXLOGHISTORY 数据文件的大小一定要小于裸设备，裸设备顺序读写，如果超出了这个，裸设备则会覆盖下一个裸设备。 oracle undo如果有问题就是空间问题，建议50G以上，以后也可以扩展大小，oracle需要跑批处理需要大量的undo ? 获取trace文件路径 select c.value || ‘/‘ || d.instance_name || ‘_ora_‘ || a.spid || ‘.trc‘ trace from v$process a,v$instance d where a.addr = b.paddr and b.audsid = userenv(‘sessionid‘) and c.name = ‘user_dump_dest‘; ? ? 获取控制文件的trace SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace; ? STARTUP NOMOUNT CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ‘/u01/orcl/redo01.log‘ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ‘/u01/orcl/redo02.log‘ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ‘/u01/orcl/redo03.log‘ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 4 ‘/u01/orcl/redo04.log‘ SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 -- STANDBY LOGFILE DATAFILE ‘/u01/orcl/system01.dbf‘, ‘/u01/orcl/sysaux01.dbf‘, ‘/u01/orcl/undotbs01.dbf‘, ‘/u01/orcl/users01.dbf‘ CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252 ; -- Commands to re-create incarnation table -- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on -- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to -- re-create incarnation records. -- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbs/arch1_1_81125 6261.dbf‘; -- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups, -- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate. RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE -- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs. ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS; -- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces. -- Online tempfiles have complete space information. -- Other tempfiles may require adjustment. ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘/u01/orcl/temp01.dbf‘ SIZE 52428800 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M; -- End of tempfile additions. ? rman target / RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; ? new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored ? ? 手工创建： ---手工建数据库文件；包含 日志文件、控制文件、数据文件； SQL> create database rawdb CONTROLFILE REUSE MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXDATAFILES 2000 MAXLOGHISTORY 1024 MAXLOGFILES 64 MAXLOGMEMBERS 4 character set ZHS16GBK national character set AL16UTF16 logfile group 1 (‘/dev/rora_redo01‘) size 50M reuse, group 2 (‘/dev/rora_redo02‘) size 50M reuse, group 3 (‘/dev/rora_redo03‘) size 50M reuse datafile ‘/dev/rora_system01‘ size 1000M reuse extent management local sysaux datafile ‘/dev/rora_sysaux01‘ size 1000M default temporary tablespace temp tempfile ‘/dev/rora_temp01‘ size 100M reuse undo tablespace undotbs1 datafile ‘/dev/rora_undotbs01‘ size 100M reuse USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY "oracle" USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY "oracle"; ? ? 6.?运行数据字典脚本，其中catalog和catproc是必需的，其它可选： SQL> spool /home/oracle/cat_rawdb.log SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql ;?（建数据字典视图） SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql ;?（建存储过程包） SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql ;?（建锁相关的几个视图） SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql ;?（建密码工具包dbms_crypto_toolkit） SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb ;?（建工作空间管理相关对象，如dmbs_wm） SQL> spool off 执行完后检查/orahome/cat.log看看有什么不可接受的错误没有。 ? 7.?新建sqlplus属性和帮助、USERS表空间 SQL> connect system/oracle SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql SQL> connect /as sysdba SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE USERS LOGGING DATAFILE ‘/dev/rora_users01‘ SIZE 1000M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO; SQL> ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS; ? 8.?最后修改为归档模式并重启(此步骤可省略） SQL> archive log list; Database log mode No Archive Mode Automatic archival Disabled Archive destination /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch Oldest online log sequence 1 Current log sequence 2 ? SQL> shutdown immediate SQL> connect /as sysdba SQL> startup mount SQL> alter database archivelog; SQL> alter database open; ? 9.顺序重新编译所有对象： 数据库升级后，很多数据过程和包失效了，不执行这个就在执行的时候编译，会影响响应时间。 巡检的时候看具体情况是否需要重新编译 SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); ? 10、建立和配置EM（省略此步骤）： dbconsole方式，也就是单机方式，在数据库里建立一堆跟em相关的对象 Grid Control方式，基于网络的远程管理方式 ? SQL>@?/sysman/admin/emdrep/sql/emreposcre /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 SYSMAN oracle TEMP ON; SQL> alter user SYSMAN identified by "sysman" account unlock; SQL> alter user DBSNMP identified by "dbsnmp" account unlock; 建监听的时候，注意在hostname和漂移ip都要 要建password文件，否则都会报错。 ? $ emca -config dbcontrol db----执行命令后提示：Database SID: orcl $ emca -help----用作功能查询 ------10g的EM配置; SQL> host emca -config dbcontrol db -silent -DB_UNIQUE_NAME ypyhtb -PORT 1521 -EM_HOME /oracle/product/10.2/bin -LISTENER LISTENER -SERVICE_NAME ypythb -SYS_PWD "oracle" -SID ypythb -ORACLE_HOME /oracle/product/10.2 -DBSNMP_PWD "dbsnmp" -HOST "172.19.201.184" -LISTENER_OH /oracle/product/10.2 -LOG_FILE /oradata/ypythb/emConfig.log -SYSMAN_PWD "sysman"; ? ------11g?的EM配置; SQL> host emca -config dbcontrol db -silent -DB_UNIQUE_NAME bet -PORT 1521 -EM_HOME /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin -LISTENER LISTENER -SERVICE_NAME bet -SYS_PWD "oracle" -SID bet -ORACLE_HOME /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -DBSNMP_PWD "dbsnmp" -HOST "192.168.1.215" -LISTENER_OH /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -LOG_FILE /home/oracle/emConfig.log -SYSMAN_PWD "sysman"; （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
