html – 转换SVG过滤器

发布时间：2020-12-14 18:37:49 所属栏目：资源来源：网络整理

导读：我正在尝试在SVG圈子上创建像阴影这样的材质设计.当你点击圆圈时,我希望这个阴影能够通过一个很好的过渡来增长,但此刻我甚至想弄清楚是否有可能为这个过渡做出动画,所以我希望有人能够提供帮助. 我添加了一个我到目前为止所获得的一个小例子,一个带有Drophad

我正在尝试在SVG圈子上创建像阴影这样的材质设计.当你点击圆圈时,我希望这个阴影能够通过一个很好的过渡来增长,但此刻我甚至想弄清楚是否有可能为这个过渡做出动画,所以我希望有人能够提供帮助.

我添加了一个我到目前为止所获得的一个小例子,一个带有Drophadow的圆圈,它在mouSEOver上有所改变.我花了很长时间试图在CSS中做一些阴影,但得出的结论是我认为现在不可能.

既然我已经有了阴影,我找不到动画它们的方法.我找到了一些使用动画标签作为单个属性(例如圆的颜色)的示例,并找到了使用关键帧进行CSS过渡的示例,但在这里我想修改实际的过滤器本身.这是否可行,有人可以说明如何实现这一目标 – 理想情况下我正在尝试实现IE10 / FF / Chrome兼容性,所以我有兴趣知道解决方案是否有任何复杂性？

circle {
    fill: #8BC34A;
    stroke: white;
    stroke-width: 2px;
    filter: url(#f1);
    transition: 2s ease;
}

circle:hover {
    filter: url(#f2);
    transition: 2s ease;
}

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" width="500" height="500" viewPort="0 0 200 200">
  <defs>
    <filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
      <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="0" />
      <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="10" />
      <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
    </filter>
    <filter id="f2" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
      <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="0" />
      <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="30" />
      <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
    </filter>
  </defs>
  <circle r="100" cx="150" cy="150" />
</svg>

UPDATE

在尝试了一些事情之后,我已经将一些例子放在一起,尽管它们都没有完全符合我的要求.我需要能够切换单个/多个元素(而不是SVG中的每个圆)的转换,我可能有几百个.我最终也希望改变圆的大小(根据材料设计提升),然后增加下方阴影的一侧.

/*************************/
/* JavaScript Animations */
/*************************/
(function() { 
    var svg = d3.select("#svg_javaScriptAnimation");
    setInterval(function() {
        
        // Animate
        svg.selectAll(".circle")
           .transition()
           .duration(1950)
           .attr("r",130);
        
        svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow")
           .transition()
           .duration(1950)
           .attr("r",130);
        
         svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_expanding")
           .transition()
           .duration(1950)
           .attr("r",140);
        
        svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_large")
           .transition()
           .duration(1950)
           .attr("r",110);
        
        // Reset
         svg.selectAll(".circle")
           .transition()
           .delay(1960)
           .duration(1)
           .attr("r",110);
        
         svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow")
           .transition()
           .delay(1960)
           .duration(1)
           .attr("r",110);
        
         svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_expanding")
           .transition()
           .delay(1960)
           .duration(1)
           .attr("r",110);
        
        svg.selectAll(".jA_shadow_large")
           .transition()
           .delay(1960)
           .duration(1)
           .attr("r",80);
    },2000);
})();

circle {
   fill: #8BC34A;
   stroke: white;
   stroke-width: 2px;
}

text {
    fill: white;
}

/*****************/
/* CSS KeyFrames */
/*****************/
#svg_keyframes{
  animation:filters 2s infinite;
}

@-webkit-keyframes filters {
  0%{ 
    -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 10px #333); 
  }
  100% { 
    -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 30px #333); 
  }
}

/***********************************/
/* CSS KeyFrames using SVG Filters */
/***********************************/

.kf_Shadow1 {
    -webkit-animation-name: shadow-expand; / Chrome,Safari,Opera /
    -webkit-animation-duration: 2s; / Chrome,Opera /
    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
    animation-name: shadow-expand;
    animation-duration: 2s;
    animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

.kf_Fill1 {
    -webkit-animation-name: circle-fill; / Chrome,Opera /
    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
    animation-name: circle-fill;
    animation-duration: 2s;
    animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

.kf_DropShadow1 {
    -webkit-animation-name: drop-shadow-expand; / Chrome,Opera /
    -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
    animation-name: drop-shadow-expand;
    animation-duration: 2s;
    animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

/* Demonstrate that fill works correctly */
@keyframes circle-fill {
    0% { fill: #FF0000; }       
    25% { fill: #BB0033; }       
    50% { fill: #990066; }        
    75% { fill: #4400aa; }         
    100% { fill: #0000ff; }       
}

/* Demonstrate that filter doesn't work as hoped */
@keyframes shadow-expand {
    0% { filter: url(#f1); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);}       
    25% { filter: url(#f2); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);}       
    50% { filter: url(#f3); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);}       
    75% { filter: url(#f4); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);}       
    100% { filter: url(#f5); -webkit-filter: url(#f1);}       
}

@keyframes drop-shadow-expand {
    0% { -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 10px #333); }       
    25% { -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 15px #333); }       
    50% { -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 20px #333); }       
    75% { -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 25px #333); }       
    100% { -webkit-filter:drop-shadow(0px 16px 30px #333); }       
}

/*************************/
/* SVG Filter Animations */
/*************************/

.fA_shadow {
  filter: url(#f1);
}

/*************************/
/* JavaScript Animations */
/*************************/
.jA_shadow {
    filter: url(#f1);
    stroke: none !important;
}

.jA_shadow_expanding {
    filter: url(#f1);
    stroke: none !important;
    fill: #CCC !important;
}

.jA_shadow_large {
    filter: url(#f2);
     stroke: none !important;
    fill: #CCC !important;
}

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/3.4.11/d3.min.js"></script>
<h1>CSS Keyframes</h1>
<p>The downside here is that the animation seems to require attaching to the svg element,which causes all of the circles to animate their drop shadows</p>
<svg id="svg_keyframes" width="1000" height="280">
    <g transform="translate(120,140)">
        <circle r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 1</text>
    </g>
    <g transform="translate(420,140)">
        <circle r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 2</text>
    </g>
</svg>


<h1>CSS Keyframes referencing SVG Filters</h1>
<p>Unfortunately it seems that this approach simply doesn't work. The idea was that the class would change triggering a keyframe which would progressively change the filter being applied by specifying gradually expanding filters</p>
<svg id="svg_filterKeyFrames" width="1000" height="280">
    <defs>
        <filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
            <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
        <filter id="f2" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="7" />
            <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="15" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
         <filter id="f3" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="10" />
            <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="20" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
         <filter id="f4" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="13" />
            <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="25" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
         <filter id="f5" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="16" />
            <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="30" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
    </defs>
     <g transform="translate(120,140)">
        <circle class="kf_Shadow1" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-4.5em">Shadow should change</text>
    </g>
    <g transform="translate(420,140)">
        <circle class="kf_Fill1" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-4.5em">Colour should change</text>
    </g>
     <g transform="translate(720,140)">
        <circle class="kf_DropShadow1" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-5.5em">Drop Shadow should change</text>
    </g>
</svg>

<h1>SVG Filters Animations</h1>
<p>SVG filter animations are another way to tackle this problem,but it seems that they behave very similar to a CSS filter in that because they are shared all of the elements update</p>
<svg id="svg_filterAnimation" width="1000" height="280">
    <defs>
        <filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
            <feGaussianBlur id="blur1" result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
    </defs>
     <g transform="translate(120,140)">
        <circle class="fA_shadow" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 1</text>
    </g>
     <g transform="translate(420,140)">
        <circle class="fA_shadow" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 2</text>
    </g>
    <animate xlink:href="#blur1" attributeName="stdDeviation" from="10" to="30" dur="2s" begin="0s" repeatCount="indefinite"/>
</svg>

<h1>JavaScript Animations</h1>
<p>Animation via JavaScript is another approach,this uses D3 but the issue here is changing the size of gaussian blur that operates on the shadow is incredibly difficult as demonstrated in Circle 2</p>
<svg id="svg_javaScriptAnimation" width="1000" height="280">
    <defs>
        <filter id="f1" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
            <feGaussianBlur id="blur1" result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
         <filter id="f2" x="-40%" y="-40%" height="200%" width="200%">
            <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="0" dy="4" />
            <feGaussianBlur id="blur1" result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="30" />
            <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" />
        </filter>
    </defs>
     <g transform="translate(120,140)">
        <circle class="jA_shadow" r="110"/>
        <circle class="circle" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 1</text>
    </g>
     <g transform="translate(420,140)">
        <circle class="jA_shadow_expanding" r="110"/>
        <circle class="circle" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 2</text>
    </g>
     <g transform="translate(720,140)">
        <circle class="jA_shadow_large" r="80"/>
        <circle class="circle" r="110"/>
        <text dx="-1.5em">Circle 3</text>
    </g>
    <animate xlink:href="#blur1" attributeName="stdDeviation" from="10" to="30" dur="2s" begin="0s" repeatCount="indefinite"/>
</svg>

解决方法

CSS转换和CSS动画只能用于您想要动画的内容由CSS控制的情况.比如说,如果你想为笔画宽度设置动画,你可以使用它.但它非常有限.

可以使用< animate>动画SVG过滤器.比如说,你可以将一个id =“blur1”添加到< feGaussianBlur> f1并使用它来为它设置动画：jsfiddle

<animate xlink:href="#blur1" attributeName="stdDeviation"
from="10" to="30" dur="1s" begin="0s" repeatCount="indefinite"/>

理论上,begin属性可以绑定到一个事件,比如鼠标悬停,但是你的里程可能会有所不同,因为它被绑定到过滤器任务,这根本没用.

第三种方法是使用JavaScript requestAnimationFrame为其设置动画.你需要编写很多代码,它不会被GPU加速,但你总能得到你想要的.

（编辑：李大同）

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