angularjs – 我如何测试用Karma嘲笑的承诺？

$scope.openModal = openModal;


  function openModal(data){
    var info = data || {}
    ModalService.showModal({
        templateUrl: ENVApp+"/myview.html",controller: "ModalController",inputs: {
          icon : "",title: "Additional",data : info
        }
      }).then(function (modal) {
        modal.element.modal();
        modal.close.then(function (res) {
          if(res.data != 'cancel'){
            if(!res.data.id){
              create(res)
            }else{
              update(res)
            }
          }
        });
      });
  }

用Karma测试这个的正确方法是什么？这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

在我的beforeEach中：

this.ModalService = {
    showModal: function(obj) {
      var deferred = $q.defer();
      deferred.resolve({
        element: {
          modal: jasmine.createSpy(),close: function() {
            var deferred2 = $q.defer();

            return deferred2.promise;
          }
        }
      });
      return deferred.promise;
    }
  };
  this.UserService = {
    user: {
      id: 2
    },updateCategory: function(data,type) {
      var deferred = $q.defer();
      deferred.resolve({
        data: {
          rows: 'response'
        }
      });
      return deferred.promise;
    }
  }
  this.controller = $controller('ProfileAdditionalController',{
    '$scope': this.scope,'$rootScope': this.rootScope,'$state': this.state,"$stateParams": this.stateParams,'ModalService': this.ModalService,'UserService': this.UserService,'ResourceService': this.ResourceService,'$upload': this.upload,'userData': this.userData
  });

对于我的实际测试：

it('should open a modal when requested',function() {
    this.scope.openModal();
    expect(this.ModalService.showModal)
  });

但这并没有多大意义.思考？