要解决的问题:
1. 如何随机生成图片
??? 生成System.Drawing.Bitmap对象,使用System.Drawing.Graphics向位图对象中绘图。
2. 如何在WebService的方法中通过参数传递图片数据
??? 将Bitmap对象输出成字节流,WebMothod使用字节数组返回该字节流。
实例:
1.?用VS.NET 2003创建一个ASP.NET Webservice工程,默认的Service名为MyService,为MyService添加一个名为GenerateVerifyImage的WebMethod。该方法的代码如下:
??/// <summary>
??/// 生成图片验证码
??/// </summary>
??/// <param name="nLen">验证码的长度</param>
??/// <param name="strKey">输出参数,验证码的内容</param>
??/// <returns>图片字节流</returns>
??[WebMethod]
??public byte[] GenerateVerifyImage(int nLen,ref string strKey)
??{
???int nBmpWidth = 13*nLen+5;
???int nBmpHeight = 25;
???System.Drawing.Bitmap bmp = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(nBmpWidth,nBmpHeight);
???// 1. 生成随机背景颜色
???int nRed,nGreen,nBlue;??// 背景的三元色
???System.Random rd = new Random((int)System.DateTime.Now.Ticks);
???nRed = rd.Next(255)%128+128;
???nGreen = rd.Next(255)%128+128;
???nBlue = rd.Next(255)%128+128;
???// 2. 填充位图背景
???System.Drawing.Graphics graph = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(bmp);
???graph.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(nRed,nBlue))
????,0
????,nBmpWidth
????,nBmpHeight);
???// 3. 绘制干扰线条,采用比背景略深一些的颜色
???int nLines = 3;
???System.Drawing.Pen pen = new System.Drawing.Pen(System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(nRed-17,nGreen-17,nBlue-17),2);
???for(int a =0;a< nLines;a++)
???{
????int x1 = rd.Next() % nBmpWidth;
????int y1 = rd.Next() % nBmpHeight;
????int x2 = rd.Next() % nBmpWidth;
????int y2 = rd.Next() % nBmpHeight;
????graph.DrawLine(pen,x1,y1,x2,y2);
???}
???// 采用的字符集,可以随即拓展,并可以控制字符出现的几率
???string strCode = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";??
???// 4. 循环取得字符,并绘制
???string strResult = "";
???for(int i=0;i<nLen;i++)
???{
????int x = (i*13 + rd.Next(3));
????int y = rd.Next(4) + 1;
????// 确定字体
????System.Drawing.Font font = new System.Drawing.Font("Courier New",
?????12 + rd.Next()%4,
?????System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);
????char c = strCode[rd.Next(strCode.Length)];??// 随机获取字符
????strResult += c.ToString();
????// 绘制字符
????graph.DrawString(c.ToString(),
?????font,
?????new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(nRed-60+y*3,nGreen-60+y*3,nBlue-40+y*3)),
?????x,
?????y);
???}
???// 5. 输出字节流
???System.IO.MemoryStream bstream = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
???bmp.Save(bstream,System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg);
???bmp.Dispose();
???graph.Dispose();
???strKey = strResult;
???byte[] byteReturn = bstream.ToArray();
???bstream.Close();
???return byteReturn;
??}
2. 测试WebMethod,添加一个WebForm,引用上述WebService,引用名为imagesvr。在Page_Load中添加代码:
?? ...
???imagesvr.MyService imgsvr = new imagesvr.MyService();
???string strKey = "";
???byte[] data = imgsvr.GenerateVerifyImage(5,ref strKey);
???Response.OutputStream.Write(data,data.Length);
?? ...
3. 运行。每次refresh这个WebForm时,就会显示一个新生成的图片验证码,而函数的输出参数strKey保存的就是这个验证码的实际内容,可以保存在Session中,作为验证使用。
上次开发出图片验证码之后,根据一些朋友的建议,本着验证码易识别(针对人),不易破解,美观的原则,改进了验证码生成的算法,采用图像滤镜的方法,对图片验证码进行反破解干扰,结果图片示例如下:
滤镜效果主要采用波形(wave)算法,通过对X轴Y轴的正弦波形处理,产生叠加效果。算法主要描述如下:
??private const double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795;
??private const double PI2 = 6.283185307179586476925286766559;
??/// <summary>
??/// 正弦曲线Wave扭曲图片
??/// </summary>
??/// <param name="srcBmp"></param>
??/// <param name="bXDir"></param>
??/// <param name="nMultValue">波形的幅度倍数</param>
??/// <param name="dPhase">波形的起始相位,取值区间[0-2*PI)</param>
??/// <returns></returns>
??public System.Drawing.Bitmap TwistImage(Bitmap srcBmp,bool bXDir,double dMultValue,double dPhase)
??{
???System.Drawing.Bitmap destBmp = new Bitmap(srcBmp.Width,srcBmp.Height);
???// 将位图背景填充为白色
???System.Drawing.Graphics graph = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(destBmp);
???graph.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.White),destBmp.Width,destBmp.Height);
???graph.Dispose();
??
???double dBaseAxisLen = bXDir ? (double)destBmp.Height : (double)destBmp.Width;
???for(int i=0;i<destBmp.Width;i++)
???{
????for(int j=0;j<destBmp.Height;j++)
????{
?????double dx = 0;
?????dx = bXDir ? (PI2*(double)j)/dBaseAxisLen : (PI2*(double)i)/dBaseAxisLen;
?????dx += dPhase;
?????double dy = Math.Sin(dx);
?????// 取得当前点的颜色
?????int nOldX = 0,nOldY = 0;
?????nOldX = bXDir ? i + (int)(dy*dMultValue) : i;
?????nOldY = bXDir ? j : j + (int)(dy*dMultValue);
?????System.Drawing.Color color = srcBmp.GetPixel(i,j);
?????if(nOldX >= 0 && nOldX < destBmp.Width
??????&& nOldY >=0 && nOldY < destBmp.Height)
?????{
??????destBmp.SetPixel(nOldX,nOldY,color);
?????}
????}
???}
???return destBmp;
??}
开头的示例图片,是两次波形效果的叠加,两次效果分别针对X轴方向和Y轴方向,如果取消对边缘背景色的填充
这样产生的验证码,看起来很像
Google
站点上的验证码吧,当然,如果你有兴趣,还可以添加其他的滤镜效果,如拉伸,旋转,马赛克等。但是注意一点,网站验证码不是越复杂越好,要在速度和安全上找到一个平衡点。 ?