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Server/Client方式ArcGis开发的模式如下图所示

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ArcGis Server方式

???? WebService方式

环境需要

?????? ArcGis Server开发方式主要是依靠服务器提供的WebService来实现功能，因此需要有一台安装有ArcGis Server的服务器为开发提供WebService支持。在ArcGis Server上发布了相关的MapServer资源后，便可以对该WebService服务进行开发。

?????? 开发机上需要安装Visual Studio 2005软件开发平台。

流程描述

?????? ArcGis Server的基本开发方式是首先在ArcGis Server服务器上取得某一个GIS图形服务的MapServer服务。在找到服务并建立了连接以后，在取得这个MapServer的MapDescription。该MapDescription中描述了MapServer服务的众多内容，包括MapServer服务中包含了多少个图层、图层的名称，详细描述等等内容。在取得MapDescription后，根据显示图形的范围大小，向服务器提交服务，从而取得服务生成的图像，再将图像在程序中进行绘制。

?????? 当对GIS图形进行操作的时候，将相关的变动、修改在MapServer服务图形描述MapDescription中得到反映，并提交到服务器中，从而可以实现对GIS图形的修改操作。

开发步骤

?????? 打开VS2005，新建一个工程。在工程建立完毕以后，为该工程引用MapServer服务，如下图：

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在Web引用名中输入FuzhouWS，然后点击添加引用，便可将某机器上发布的WapServer服务引用在例子工程中。

?????? WapServer服务建立成功以后，在Web引用中可以看到如下窗口

?????? 在建立了服务引用以后，需要在程序中实现与MapServer服务的连接，以及取得该服务中GIS图形的基本描述。程序如下：

???????????????????? ? FuzhouWs.fuZhouGis_MapServer map = new FuzhouWs.fuZhouGis_MapServer() ;

?????????? ?? ??m_sDataFrame = map.GetDefaultMapName();

??????????????? FuzhouWs.MapServerInfo mapi = map.GetServerInfo(m_sDataFrame);

取图层

MapServerInfo则为取得的服务基本描述，在其中包含了大量的GISMap服务的基本信息。如果需要取得服务的图层信息，取图层有根据系统的需要基本有两种方式。

1、读取所有的图层，并将其添加到相关的图层显示控件中。

public void AddLayToTree(TreeView m_TreeView)

??????? {

??????????? String m_sDataFrame = map.GetDefaultMapName();

??????????? fuzhou.MapDescription pMapDescription;

??????????? fuzhou.MapServerInfo mapi = map.GetServerInfo(m_sDataFrame);

??????????? pMapDescription = m_sMapDesc;

??????????? int m = 0;

??????????? m_TreeView.Nodes.Clear();

??????????? TreeNode[] m_tree;

??????????? for (int n = 0; n < mapi.MapLayerInfos.GetLength(0); n++)

??????????? {

??????????????? if (mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].ParentLayerID == -1)

??????????????? {

??????????????????? m_TreeView.Nodes.Add(mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].LayerID.ToString(),mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].Name);

??????????????????? m_TreeView.Nodes[m].Checked = pMapDescription.LayerDescriptions[n].Visible;

??????????????????? m = m + 1;

??????????????? }

??????????????? else

??????????????? {

??????????????????? if (mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].LayerType == "Group Layer")

??????????????????? {

??????????????????????? m_tree = m_TreeView.Nodes.Find(mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].ParentLayerID.ToString(),true);

??????????????????????? m_tree[0].Nodes.Add(mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].LayerID.ToString(),mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].Name);

??????????????????????? m_tree[0].Nodes[m_tree[0].Nodes.Count - 1].Checked = pMapDescription.LayerDescriptions[n].Visible;

??????????????????? }

??????????????????? else

??????????????????? {

??????????????????????? m_tree = m_TreeView.Nodes.Find(mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].ParentLayerID.ToString(),true);

??????????????????????? m_tree[0].Nodes.Add(mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].Name);

??????????????????????? m_tree[0].Nodes[m_tree[0].Nodes.Count - 1].Checked = pMapDescription.LayerDescriptions[n].Visible;

??????????????????? }

??????????????? }

??????????? }

??????? }

?????? 2、将某些特征图层根据需要添加到某个控件中，本实例中是将Feature图层添加到ComboBox控件中，并根据选择能将图层表中的各个字段添加到控件中：

?????? public void AddLayerToComb(ComboBox m_Comb)

??????? {

??????????? String m_sDataFrame = map.GetDefaultMapName();

??????????? fuzhou.MapDescription pMapDescription;

??????????? fuzhou.MapServerInfo mapi = map.GetServerInfo(m_sDataFrame);

??????????? pMapDescription = mapi.DefaultMapDescription;

??????????? for (int n = 0; n < mapi.MapLayerInfos.GetLength(0); n++)

??????????? {

??????????????? if (mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].LayerType == "Feature Layer")

??????????????????? m_Comb.Items.Add (mapi.MapLayerInfos[n].Name);

??????????? }

??????? }

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???? public void AddColumnToComb(String LayerName,ComboBox m_Comb)

??????? {

??????????? String m_sDataFrame = map.GetDefaultMapName();

???????????

? ??????????fuzhou.MapServerInfo mapi = map.GetServerInfo(m_sDataFrame);

??????????? //fuzhou.MapDescription pMapDescription = mapi.DefaultMapDescription;

??????????? m_Comb.Items.Clear();

??????????? m_Comb.Enabled = true;

??????????? for (int i = 0; i < mapi.MapLayerInfos.GetLength(0); i++)

??????????? {

??????????????? if (mapi.MapLayerInfos[i].Name == LayerName)

??????????????? {

??????????????????? for(int j=0 ;j<mapi.MapLayerInfos[i].Fields.FieldArray.GetLength(0);j++)

??????????????????????? m_Comb.Items.Add( mapi.MapLayerInfos[i].FieldAliases[j].ToString());?

??????????????? }

??????????? }

??????????? m_Comb.SelectedIndex = 0;

??????? }

显示图形

?????? 当需要显示取得的图像的时候，可以使用下面的函数

????????????? private void drawMap(ref fuzhou.MapDescription pMapDescriptoin,System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox m_PictureBox)

??????? {

??????????? FuzhouWs.fuZhouGis_MapServer map = new FuzhouWs.fuZhouGis_MapServer();//取MapServer

??????????? FuzhouWs.ImageType it = new FuzhouWs.ImageType();//取该服务生成图片的类型及大小

??????????? it.ImageFormat = FuzhouWs.esriImageFormat.esriImageJPG;

??????????? it.ImageReturnType = FuzhouWs.esriImageReturnType.esriImageReturnMimeData;

??????????? idisp = new FuzhouWs.ImageDisplay();

??????????? idisp.ImageHeight = PictureBox.Height ;//根据显示控件的大小调整生成图片的大小

??????????? idisp.ImageWidth = PictureBox.Width ;

??????????? idisp.ImageDPI = 150;//设置生成图片的分辨率

??????????? FuzhouWs.ImageDescription pID = new FuzhouWs.ImageDescription();

??????????? pID.ImageDisplay = idisp;

??????????? pID.ImageType = it;

??????????? FuzhouWs.MapImage pMI = map.ExportMapImage(pMapDescriptoin,pID);//将设置提交服务

??????????? System.IO.Stream pStream = new System.IO.MemoryStream((byte[])pMI.ImageData);//取生成的图片流

??????????? pImage = Image.FromStream(pStream);

??????????? PictureBox.Image = pImage;

??????????? PictureBox.Refresh();

??????????? return;

??????? }

鹰眼显示

?????? public void EagerFresh(PictureBox m_eyePictureBox,Graphics g)

??????? {

??????????? String m_sDataFrame = map.GetDefaultMapName();

??????????? fuzhou.MapServerInfo mapi = map.GetServerInfo(m_sDataFrame);

??????????? m_sEyeMapDesc = mapi.DefaultMapDescription;

??????????? fuzhou.EnvelopeN EagerpEnvelope = m_sEyeMapDesc.MapArea.Extent as fuzhou.EnvelopeN;

??????????? fuzhou.EnvelopeN pEnvelope = m_sMapDesc.MapArea.Extent as fuzhou.EnvelopeN;

??????????? double eWidth;

??????????? double eHeight;

??????????? double xFactor;

??????????? double yFactor;

??????????? PointClass m_tmpPoint = new PointClass();

??????????? m_tmpPoint.X = pEnvelope.XMax;

??????????? m_tmpPoint.Y = pEnvelope.YMax;

??????????? fuzhou.ImageDisplay idisp1;

??????????? idisp1 = new fuzhou.ImageDisplay();

??????????? idisp1.ImageHeight = m_eyePictureBox.Height;

??????????? idisp1.ImageWidth = m_eyePictureBox.Width;

??????????? idisp1.ImageDPI = 150;

??????????? fuzhou.PointN pnt=new fuzhou.PointN()? ;

??????????? pnt.X =m_tmpPoint.X;

??????????? pnt.Y = m_tmpPoint.Y;

??????????? fuzhou.MultipointN mpnt = new fuzhou.MultipointN();

??????????? fuzhou.Point[] pnta =new? fuzhou.Point[1];

??????????? pnta[0] = pnt;

??????????? mpnt.PointArray = pnta;

??????????? int[] Xs;

??????????? int[] Ys = map.FromMapPoints(m_sEyeMapDesc,idisp1,mpnt,out Xs);//将GIS图形显示控件显示图形的各个坐标转换到鹰眼中对应的坐标

??????????? int m_maxX = Ys[0];

??????????? int m_maxY = Xs[0];

??????????? m_tmpPoint.X = pEnvelope.XMin ;

?????????? ?m_tmpPoint.Y = pEnvelope.YMin ;

??????????? pnt.X = m_tmpPoint.X;

??????????? pnt.Y = m_tmpPoint.Y;

??????????? pnta[0] = pnt;

??????????? mpnt.PointArray = pnta;

??????????? Ys = map.FromMapPoints(m_sEyeMapDesc,out Xs); //将GIS图形显示控件显示图形的各个坐标转换到鹰眼中对应的坐标

??????????? int m_minX = Ys[0];

??????????? int m_minY = Xs[0];

??????????? xFactor = m_minX;

??????????? yFactor = m_maxY;

??????????? eWidth = Math.Abs(m_maxX - m_minX);

??????????? eHeight = Math.Abs(m_maxY - m_minY);

??????????? Pen redPen = new Pen(Color.Red,2);

??????????? Rectangle rect = new Rectangle((int)xFactor,(int)yFactor,(int)eWidth,(int)eHeight);//得出GIS图形在鹰眼中的显示范围

??????????? g.DrawRectangle(redPen,rect);//在鹰眼中画出范围

??????????? m_eyePictureBox.Invalidate();

??????? }

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?????? 以下是程序基本框架：

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?????? 界面左侧是鹰眼和查询工具栏，右侧是 GIS 地图图形。?

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