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客户端访问WebService(1)

发布时间：2020-12-17 02:36:49 所属栏目：安全 来源：网络整理
导读：1，客户端访问WebService基础 ?? 步骤：新建一个普通的webService ?? ? ? ? ? ?为webService类添加自定义标记属性[ScriptService]Attibute ?? ? ? ? ? ?释放webService方法 ?a,访问级别public;? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?b,给方法添加[Web
1，客户端访问WebService基础
?? 步骤：新建一个普通的webService
?? ? ? ? ? ?为webService类添加自定义标记属性[ScriptService]Attibute
?? ? ? ? ? ?释放webService方法 ?a,访问级别public;?
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?b,给方法添加[WebMethod]Attribute
?? ? ? ? ? ?为页面中的ScriptManager或者ScriptManagerProxy注册webService

?? 客户端代码方法webService方法：
?? ? ? ? ? 如果webService的代码类有命名空间，命名空间下的类的名字的方法名字
?? ? ? ? ? 1，[NameSpaceName].ClassName.MethodName() ??
?? ? ? ? ? 2，依次传入参数
?? ? ? ? ? 3，传入一个方法作为成功后的回调函数
?? ? ? ? ? 4，即时没有返回值,也会调用回调函数
???
下面是简单的例子：

webService中的内容
  1. using?System;
  2. using?System.Collections;
  3. using?System.ComponentModel;
  4. using?System.Data;
  5. using?System.Web;
  6. using?System.Web.Services;
  7. using?System.Web.Services.Protocols;
  9. namespace?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2
  10. {
  11. ????///?<summary>
  12. ????///?WebService1?的摘要说明
  13. ????///?</summary>
  14. ????[WebService(Namespace?=?"http://tempuri.org/")]
  15. ????[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo?=?WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
  16. ????[ToolboxItem(false)]
  18. ????//为类添加自己定义属性[ScriptService]
  19. ????[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
  20. ????public?class?WebService1?:?System.Web.Services.WebService
  21. ????{
  22. ????????//释放WebService方法
  23. ????????[WebMethod]
  24. ????????public?int?GetRandom()
  25. ????????{
  26. ????????????return?new?Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond).Next();
  27. ????????}
  28. ????????[WebMethod]
  29. ????????public?int?GetRandomBetween(int?min,?int?max)
  30. ????????{
  31. ????????????return?new?Random(DateTime.Now.Millisecond).Next(min,?max);
  32. ????????}
  33. ????????[WebMethod]
  34. ????????public?void?Test()
  35. ????????{
  37. ????????}
  38. ????}
  39. }
页面中的内容 ：
  1. <%@?Page?Language="C#"?AutoEventWireup="true"?CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs"?Inherits="AJAXEnabledWebApplication2._Default"?%>
  3. <!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?XHTML?1.0?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  5. <html?xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"?>
  6. <head?runat="server">
  7. ????<title>Untitled?Page</title>
  8. </head>
  9. <body>
  10. ????<form?id="form1"?runat="server">
  11. ??????<!--InlineScript为true的时候webservice的方法生成的script代码会释放在页面中,默认为false-->
  12. ????????<asp:ScriptManager?ID="ScriptManager1"?runat="server"?>
  13. ????????<Services>
  14. ????????<asp:ServiceReference?Path="WebService1.asmx"?InlineScript="true"?/>
  15. ????????</Services>
  16. ????????</asp:ScriptManager>
  17. ????????<div>
  18. ????????<input?type="button"?value="无返回值"?onclick="test()"?/>
  19. ????????<input?type="button"?value="无参数返回一个随机数字"?onclick="GetRandom()"?/>
  20. ????????<input?type="button"?value="返回一个0到100之间的随机数字"?onclick="GetRandom(0,100)"?/>
  21. ????????<script?type="text/javascript"?language="javascript">
  22. ????????
  23. ????????function?GetRandom(max,min){
  24. ????????//js函数默认的属性,argument?参数信息,一种js重载的实现方法
  25. ???????????if(arguments.length!=2){
  26. ????????????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebService1.GetRandom(successed);
  27. ????????????}
  28. ????????????else{
  29. ?????????????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebService1.GetRandomBetween(max,min,successed);
  30. ????????????}
  31. ????????}
  32. ????????function?test(){
  33. ???????????//无返回值,回调函数会弹出个null值
  34. ????????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebService1.Test(successed);
  35. ????????}
  36. ????????function?successed(result){
  37. ????????????alert(result);
  38. ????????}
  39. ????????</script>
  40. ????????</div>
  41. ????</form>
  42. </body>
  43. </html>

2，客户端访问PageMethod基础

服务器端步骤：客户端对应的服务器段的aspx页面中定义
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 公开的静态方法
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 方法上面使用[WebMethod]Attribute
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ScriptManager的EnablePageMethod属性为true

客户端方法：通过PageMethods.MethodName()方法访问

简单例子：?
后台类：
  1. using?System;
  2. using?System.Collections;
  3. using?System.Configuration;
  4. using?System.Data;
  5. using?System.Web;
  6. using?System.Web.Security;
  7. using?System.Web.UI;
  8. using?System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
  9. using?System.Web.UI.WebControls;
  10. using?System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
  12. namespace?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2
  13. {
  14. ????public?partial?class?WebForm1?:?System.Web.UI.Page
  15. ????{
  16. ????????protected?void?Page_Load(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
  17. ????????{
  19. ????????}
  20. ????????//向客户端释放方法
  21. ????????[System.Web.Services.WebMethod]
  22. ????????//public类型的static
  23. ????????public?static?DateTime?GetDateTimeNow()
  24. ????????{
  25. ????????????return?DateTime.UtcNow;
  26. ????????}
  27. ????}
  28. }
页面代码：

  1. <%@?Page?Language="C#"?AutoEventWireup="true"?CodeBehind="WebForm1.aspx.cs"?Inherits="AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebForm1"?%>
  3. <!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?XHTML?1.0?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  5. <html?xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"?>
  6. <head?runat="server">
  7. ????<title>无标题页</title>
  8. </head>
  9. <body>
  10. ????<form?id="form1"?runat="server">
  11. ????<!---ScriptManager的?EnablePageMethods="true"->
  12. ????<asp:ScriptManager?ID="ScriptManager1"?runat="server"?EnablePageMethods="true">
  13. ????</asp:ScriptManager>
  14. ????<input?type="button"?value="调用pageMethod方法"?onclick="GetDateTimeNow()"?/>
  15. ????<script?type="text/javascript"?language="javascript">
  16. ????function?GetDateTimeNow(){
  17. ????//PageMethods.释放的方法名字
  18. ???????PageMethods.GetDateTimeNow(seccessed);
  19. ????}
  20. ????function?seccessed(result){
  21. ????????alert(result);
  22. ????}
  23. ????</script>
  24. ????</form>
  25. </body>
  26. </html>
3，错误处理
?? ? ? ? ?客户端调用错误处理时候可以提供一个额外的错误的回调函数
?? ? ? ? ?错误包括超时和服务器抛出的异常
?? ? ? ? ?超时只能设置在webService级别或者pageMetehod对象上 无法在方法调用时候设置

?错误信息类：Sys.Net.WebServicError
?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Sys.Net.WebServicError类提供了 timeout ?,message,exceptionType,stackTrace 4个属性

例子：

webService代码：

  1. using?System;
  2. using?System.Collections;
  3. using?System.ComponentModel;
  4. using?System.Data;
  5. using?System.Web;
  6. using?System.Web.Services;
  7. using?System.Web.Services.Protocols;
  9. namespace?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2
  10. {
  11. ????///?<summary>
  12. ????///?Error?的摘要说明
  13. ????///?</summary>
  14. ????[WebService(Namespace?=?"http://tempuri.org/")]
  15. ????[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo?=?WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
  16. ????[ToolboxItem(false)]
  17. ????[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
  18. ????public?class?Error?:?System.Web.Services.WebService
  19. ????{
  20. ????????[WebMethod]
  21. ????????public?int?GetDivsion(int?a,?int?b)
  22. ????????{
  23. ????????????return?a?/?b;
  24. ????????}
  25. ????????[WebMethod]
  26. ????????public?int?Timeout()
  27. ????????{
  28. ????????????//设置等待5秒后返回值
  29. ????????????System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
  30. ????????????return?0;
  31. ????????}
  32. ????}
  33. }
页面代码：

  1. <%@?Page?Language="C#"?AutoEventWireup="true"?CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs"?Inherits="AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebForm2"?%>
  3. <!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?XHTML?1.0?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  5. <html?xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"?>
  6. <head?runat="server">
  7. ????<title>无标题页</title>
  8. </head>
  9. <body>
  10. ????<form?id="form1"?runat="server">
  11. ????<asp:ScriptManager?ID="ScriptManager1"?runat="server">
  12. ????<Services>
  13. ????<asp:ServiceReference?Path="Error.asmx"?/>
  14. ????</Services>
  15. ????</asp:ScriptManager>
  16. ????<input?id="Button1"?type="button"?value="调用一个除零函数抛出异常"?onclick="getDivsion(4,0)"?/>
  17. ??????<input?id="Button2"?type="button"?value="调用一个除非零函数得到结果"?onclick="getDivsion(4,4)"?/>
  18. ????<input?id="Button3"?type="button"?value="触发一个超时的错误"?onclick="getTimeout()"?/>
  19. ????<script?type="text/javascript"?language="javascript">
  20. ????function?getDivsion(a,b){
  21. ????????//参数后跟成功后的回调函数，和错误的回调函数?
  22. ????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.GetDivsion(a,b,seccessed,failed);
  23. ?????
  24. ??????
  25. ????}
  26. ????function?getTimeout(){
  27. ????//这里设置等待服务器多久还没有返回数据?就给客户端提醒超时了?服务器中设置了5秒，等俩秒后会返回超时，如果设置为6000则正常返回1
  28. ????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.set_timeout(2000);
  29. ????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.Timeout(seccessed,failed);
  30. ????}
  31. ???????//调用成功的回调函数
  32. ???function?seccessed(result){
  33. ????????????alert(result);
  34. ????????}
  35. ????????//调用失败的回调函数
  36. ?????function?failed(error){
  37. ????????????var?message=String.format("Timeout:{0}/n?Message:{1}/n?exceptionType:{2}/n?stackTrace:{3}",
  38. ????????????error.get_timedOut(),
  39. ????????????error.get_message(),
  40. ????????????error.get_exceptionType(),
  41. ????????????error.get_stackTrace()
  42. ????????????);
  43. ????????????alert(message);
  44. ????????}
  45. ????
  46. ????</script>
  47. ????</form>
  48. </body>
  49. </html>
4，复杂数据类型使用基础

调用的时候有时候我们需要调用一些复杂的自定义的数据类型，

1，定义了自己的数据类型时候，类型的一些共有属性和字段都被释放(返回值)和接受(参数)
2，容器对象
?? ? --实现了 IList接口的对象
?? ? --实现了IDictionary接口的对象 (客户端是用一个对象来模拟字典的，所以字典数据中的key必须是string类型)

例子：
自定义类：
  1. using?System;
  2. using?System.Data;
  3. using?System.Configuration;
  4. using?System.Web;
  5. using?System.Web.Security;
  6. using?System.Web.UI;
  7. using?System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
  8. using?System.Web.UI.WebControls;
  9. using?System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
  11. namespace?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2
  12. {
  13. ????public?class?Person
  14. ????{
  15. ????????public?string?firstName;
  16. ????????public?string?lastName;
  17. ????????public?int?age;
  18. ????????public?string?FullName
  19. ????????{
  20. ????????????get
  21. ????????????{
  22. ????????????????return?firstName?+?"?"?+?lastName;
  23. ????????????}
  24. ????????}
  25. ????????public??override?string??ToString()
  26. ????????{
  27. ????????????return?"Name:"+this.FullName+"?Age:"+age.ToString();
  28. ????????}
  29. ????}
  30. }
webService：

  1. using?System;
  2. using?System.Collections;
  3. using?System.ComponentModel;
  4. using?System.Data;
  5. using?System.Web;
  6. using?System.Web.Services;
  7. using?System.Web.Services.Protocols;
  9. namespace?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2
  10. {
  11. ????///?<summary>
  12. ????///?WebService2?的摘要说明
  13. ????///?</summary>
  14. ????[WebService(Namespace?=?"http://tempuri.org/")]
  15. ????[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo?=?WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
  16. ????[ToolboxItem(false)]
  17. ????[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
  18. ????public?class?WebService2?:?System.Web.Services.WebService
  19. ????{
  21. ????????[WebMethod]
  22. ????????//一个人的年龄增加了一岁
  23. ????????public?Person?AddAge(Person?p)
  24. ????????{
  25. ????????????p.age?+=?1;
  26. ????????????return?p;
  27. ????????}
  28. ????????[WebMethod]
  29. ????????//数组
  30. ????????public?System.Collections.Generic.List<int>?Reverse(System.Collections.Generic.List<int>?list)
  31. ????????{
  32. ????????????//反转数组
  33. ????????????list.Reverse();
  34. ????????????return?list;
  35. ????????}
  36. ????????[WebMethod]
  37. ????????////数据字典
  38. ????????public?System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<string,?Person>?GetPersons()
  39. ????????{
  40. ????????????System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string,?Person>?result?=?new?System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string,?Person>();
  41. ????????????Person?p1?=?new?Person();
  42. ????????????Person?p2?=?new?Person();
  43. ????????????p1.firstName?=?"Si";
  44. ????????????p1.lastName?=?"Li";
  45. ????????????p1.age?=?23;
  46. ????????????result[p1.FullName]?=?p1;
  47. ????????????p2.age?=?25;
  48. ????????????p2.firstName?=?"Wu";
  49. ????????????p2.lastName?=?"Wang";
  50. ????????????result[p2.FullName]?=?p2;
  52. ????????????return?result;
  53. ????????}
  54. ????}
  55. }

aspx页面

  1. <%@?Page?Language="C#"?AutoEventWireup="true"?CodeBehind="WebForm3.aspx.cs"?Inherits="AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebForm3"?%>
  3. <!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?XHTML?1.0?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  5. <html?xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"?>
  6. <head?runat="server">
  7. ????<title>无标题页</title>
  8. </head>
  9. <body>
  10. ????<form?id="form1"?runat="server">
  11. ????<asp:ScriptManager?ID="ScriptManager1"?runat="server">
  12. ????<Services>
  13. ????<asp:ServiceReference?Path="WebService2.asmx"?/>
  14. ????</Services>
  15. ????</asp:ScriptManager>
  16. ????<input?id="Button1"?type="button"?value="年龄增加一岁"?onclick="AddAge()"?/>
  17. ????<input?id="Button2"?type="button"?value="反转数组[1,2,3,4,5,6s]"?onclick="revers([1,6])"?/>
  18. ????<input?id="Button3"?type="button"?value="返回一个数据字典数据"?onclick="getPersons()"?/>
  19. ????<script?language="javascript"?type="text/javascript">
  20. ????//年龄增加一岁
  21. ????function?AddAge(){
  22. ????????var?person=new?Object();
  23. ???????person.firstName="Stone";
  24. ???????person.lastName="Zhang";
  25. ???????person.age=23;
  26. ???????//调用webservice中的年龄增加一岁的方法?
  27. ???????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebService2.AddAge(person,AddAgeseccessed);
  28. ????}
  29. ????function?AddAgeseccessed(result){
  30. ????????//结果是24
  31. ????????var?message=String.format("FirstName:{0}/n?LastName:{1}/nFullName:{2}/nAge:{3}",
  32. ????????result.firstName,
  33. ????????result.lastName,
  34. ????????result.FullName,
  35. ????????result.age
  36. ????????);
  37. ?????????alert(message);
  38. ????}
  39. ????//数组
  40. ????function?revers(array){
  41. ?????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebService2.Reverse(array,seccessed);
  42. ????}
  43. ????function?seccessed(result){
  44. ????????alert(result);
  45. ????}
  46. ????//数据字典
  47. ????
  48. ????function?getPersons(){
  49. ?????????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebService2.GetPersons(getPersonsSeccssed);
  50. ????}
  51. ????function?getPersonsSeccssed(result){
  52. ????//枚举字典中的每一项
  53. ????//这里得不到字典对象中的方法
  54. ????????for(var?key?in?result){
  55. ????????????alert(key+":?"+result[key].age);
  56. ????????}
  57. ????}
  58. ????</script>
  59. ????</form>
  60. </body>
  61. </html>
5，客户端代理使用基础

客户端函数调用完整签名：
?? ?Invoke(arg1,...,argN,onSucceeded,onFailed,userContext)
?? ?参数，成功时的回调函数，出错后的回调函数，userContext为任意的自定义类型(可以传入数据字典)
回调函数完整签名：
?? ?onSucceeded(result,userContext,methodName)
?? ?结果，调用函数传入的userContext
?? ?onFailed(error,methodName)
?? ? error对象

?webservice级别默认属性：
??-timeout 比较常用
??-defaultUserContext
??-defaultSucceededCallBack
??-defaultFailedCallBack 比较常用，出错后调用统一的webservice中默认的

例子：

webservice代码用了上面用过的一个webservice：

  1. using?System;
  2. using?System.Collections;
  3. using?System.ComponentModel;
  4. using?System.Data;
  5. using?System.Web;
  6. using?System.Web.Services;
  7. using?System.Web.Services.Protocols;
  9. namespace?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2
  10. {
  11. ????///?<summary>
  12. ????///?Error?的摘要说明
  13. ????///?</summary>
  14. ????[WebService(Namespace?=?"http://tempuri.org/")]
  15. ????[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo?=?WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
  16. ????[ToolboxItem(false)]
  17. ????[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
  18. ????public?class?Error?:?System.Web.Services.WebService
  19. ????{
  20. ????????[WebMethod]
  21. ????????public?int?GetDivsion(int?a,?int?b)
  22. ????????{
  23. ????????????return?a?/?b;
  24. ????????}
  25. ????????[WebMethod]
  26. ????????public?int?Timeout()
  27. ????????{
  28. ????????????//设置等待5秒后返回值
  29. ????????????System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
  30. ????????????return?0;
  31. ????????}
  32. ????}
  33. }
asp页面代码：

  1. <%@?Page?Language="C#"?AutoEventWireup="true"?CodeBehind="WebForm4.aspx.cs"?Inherits="AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.WebForm4"?%>
  3. <!DOCTYPE?html?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?XHTML?1.0?Transitional//EN"?"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
  5. <html?xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"?>
  6. <head?runat="server">
  7. ????<title>无标题页</title>
  8. </head>
  9. <body>
  10. ????<form?id="form1"?runat="server">
  11. ?????<asp:ScriptManager?ID="ScriptManager1"?runat="server">
  12. ????<Services>
  13. ????<asp:ServiceReference?Path="Error.asmx"?/>
  14. ????</Services>
  15. ????</asp:ScriptManager>
  16. ????<input?id="Button1"?type="button"?value="调用一个除零函数抛出异常"?onclick="getDivsion(4,0)"?/>
  17. ??????<input?id="Button2"?type="button"?value="调用一个除非零函数得到结果"?onclick="getDivsion(4,4)"?/>
  18. ????<input?id="Button3"?type="button"?value="触发一个超时的错误"?onclick="getTimeout()"?/>
  19. ????<script?type="text/javascript"?language="javascript">
  20. ????//webmethod默认属性
  21. ????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.set_defaultFailedCallback(failed);
  22. ????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.set_timeout(2000);
  23. ????function?getDivsion(a,b){
  24. ????????//参数后跟成功后的回调函数，和错误的回调函数?
  25. ???????//?AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.GetDivsion(a,failed);
  26. ???????//去掉了上面的出错的回调函数，系统会默认找set_defaultFailedCallBack()
  27. ???????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.GetDivsion(a,seccessed);
  28. ?????
  29. ??????
  30. ????}
  31. ????function?getTimeout(){
  32. ????//这里设置等待服务器多久还没有返回数据?就给客户端提醒超时了?服务器中设置了5秒，等俩秒后会返回超时，如果设置为6000则正常返回1
  33. ??????//??AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.set_timeout(2000);
  34. ??????//??AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.Timeout(seccessed,failed);
  35. ??????AJAXEnabledWebApplication2.Error.Timeout(seccessed);
  36. ????}
  37. ???????//调用成功的回调函数
  38. ???function?seccessed(result){
  39. ????????????alert(result);
  40. ????????}
  41. ????????//调用失败的回调函数
  42. ?????function?failed(error){
  43. ????????????var?message=String.format("Timeout:{0}/n?Message:{1}/n?exceptionType:{2}/n?stackTrace:{3}",
  44. ????????????error.get_stackTrace()
  45. ????????????);
  46. ????????????alert(message);
  47. ????????}
  48. ????
  49. ????</script>
  50. ????</form>
  51. </body>
  52. </html>

目前就了解了这些总结下~

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