(一)如何发布WebService呢?使网络中其它机器能使用我的WebService
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我写了一个简单的WebService,在本机上测试没有问题。 ?
但网络中其它机器访问我的WebService时,提示“该调用只能用于本地测试”??
?
修改web.config配置文件??
<
System.Web
>
??
??
<
webServices
>
??
???
<
protocols
>
??
?
<
add??name
=
"
HttpGet
"
/>
??
?
<
add??name
=
"
HttpPost
"
/>
??
</
protocols
>
??
?
</
webServices
>
??
</
System.Web
>
?
?
(二)WebService/WCF Session Cookie
?
在.net 3.0推出WCF之前使用的WebService,有的应用有使用Session保持一些信息,在不同的WebMethod中共享存储信息。比如:保持登陆用户的信息等。其原理是应用ASP.NET兼容模式,利用HttpContext来保持请求的上下文。
??????? 为了显示WebService/WCF不同应用下的Session/Cookie应用,这里分别创建两个Service应用:一个是WebService Application(.net 4.0下没有此模板,只有在.net 3.5以下版本中有),一个是WCFService Application(IIS宿主的WCF应用)
1. WebService Application(*.asmx) + .net 2.0 Client Proxy
可以看到 Login 方法里将登录的 userName 保存在 Session 里。在 GetUserName 方法返回 Session 中的数据。
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[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]??
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]??
[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]??
public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService??
{??
??? [WebMethod(EnableSession=true)]??
??? public void Login(string user)??
??? {??
??????? var session = HttpContext.Current.Session;??
??????? session["user"] = user;??
??????? HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(new HttpCookie("user",user));??
??? }??
??? [WebMethod(EnableSession = true)]??
??? public string GetUserName()??
??? {??
??????? return HttpContext.Current.Session["user"] as string;??
??? }??
}?
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
??? [WebMethod(EnableSession=true)]
??? public void Login(string user)
??? {
??????? var session = HttpContext.Current.Session;
??????? session["user"] = user;
??????? HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(new HttpCookie("user",user));
??? }
??? [WebMethod(EnableSession = true)]
??? public string GetUserName()
??? {
??????? return HttpContext.Current.Session["user"] as string;
??? }
}
先来看看 .net 2.0 中的客户端如何保持 Session 的。
ASP.NET 中的客户端也就是浏览器端会通过Cookie来保持 Session。所以对于 WebService 的客户端需要自己去维护一个 CookieContainer。(服务端需要没一个WebMethod都需要设定EnableSession=true)
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CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();?
CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
而每次调用都必须添加这个cookieContainer的实例。
PS: .net 3.5里仍然可以使用.net 2.0生成客户端:Add Service Reference -> Advance -> Add Web Reference
添加完WebService Reference后客户端调用:
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using (var svc = new MyWebSvc.Service1())??
{??
??? svc.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;??
??? svc.Login(textBox1.Text);??
}?
using (var svc = new MyWebSvc.Service1())
{
??? svc.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
??? svc.Login(textBox1.Text);
}
再一次调用:
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using (var svc = new MyWebSvc.Service1())??
{??
??? svc.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;??
??? label1.Text = svc.GetUserName();??
}?
using (var svc = new MyWebSvc.Service1())
{
??? svc.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
??? label1.Text = svc.GetUserName();
}
OK,现在的客户端实现了cookie的保持,每次调用Service方法时,Service会携带之前的cookie信息,则在服务端则能识别调用的Session而返回对应的数据。
2. WebService Application(*.asmx) + .net 3.5 Client Proxy
服务端代码没有变化,客户端引用则修改为 Add Service Reference .net 3.5 生成客户端代理。
这次生成的客户端代理中已经找不到 svc 中的 CookieContainer 属性,难道不能保持客户端 cookie 了吗?
检查客户端生成 app.config (.net 3.5里的WebService原来使用的是basicHttpBinding)
<system.serviceModel>
??????? <bindings>
??????????? <basicHttpBinding>
??????????????? <binding name="Service1Soap" allowCookies="false" ......
原来 allowCookies 默认设为 false 了,我们把它改为:true 就OK了。
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using (var svc = new MyWCFWebSvc.Service1SoapClient())??
{??
??? svc.Login(textBox1.Text);??
}?
using (var svc = new MyWCFWebSvc.Service1SoapClient())
{
??? svc.Login(textBox1.Text);
}
再次调用:
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using (var svc = new MyWCFWebSvc.Service1SoapClient())??
{??
??? label1.Text = svc.GetUserName();??
}?
using (var svc = new MyWCFWebSvc.Service1SoapClient())
{
??? label1.Text = svc.GetUserName();
}
3. WCF Service Application(*.svc) + .net 3.5 Client Proxy
WCF的ServiceContract
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[ServiceContract]??
public interface IService1??
{??
??? [OperationContract]??
??? string GetUserName();??
??? [OperationContract]??
??? void Login(string user);??
}?
[ServiceContract]
public interface IService1
{
??? [OperationContract]
??? string GetUserName();
??? [OperationContract]
??? void Login(string user);
}
Service的实现,类似上面的WebMethod
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[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]??
public class Service1 : IService1??
{??
??? public void Login(string user)??
??? {??
??????? var session = HttpContext.Current.Session;??
??????? session["user"] = user;??
??????? HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(new HttpCookie("user",user));??
??? }??
??? public string GetUserName()??
??? {??
??????? return HttpContext.Current.Session["user"] as string;??
??? }??
}?
[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
public class Service1 : IService1
{
??? public void Login(string user)
??? {
??????? var session = HttpContext.Current.Session;
??????? session["user"] = user;
??????? HttpContext.Current.Response.Cookies.Add(new HttpCookie("user",user));
??? }
??? public string GetUserName()
??? {
??????? return HttpContext.Current.Session["user"] as string;
??? }
}
WCF Service Application的工程模板中,默认是没有启用ASP.NET兼容模式的,这个时候直接调用 HttpContext 将返回 null。
所以需要设置 AspNetCompatibilityRequirements 特性:
1)[AspNetCompatibilityRequirements(RequirementsMode = AspNetCompatibilityRequirementsMode.Allowed)]
2)服务端配置文件也需要修改,在 <system.serviceModel> 节点中,添加如下配置:
<serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true"/>
客户端生成的配置文件 app.config 也同样需要设置
<system.serviceModel>
??????? <bindings>
????????????? <wsHttpBinding>
????????????????? <binding name="WSHttpBinding_IService1" allowCookies="true" ......
运行效果:
?
上面的代码中,cookie只在应用程序的生存周期内有效,也就是说当程序关闭,cookie就失效了。服务端也就不能取得对应的session信息了。如果一定要实现类似浏览器浏览网页,今天登陆明天再开还能有效呢?那就得自己来维持这个CookieContainer了,也就是说持久化这个对象。不过遗憾的是在.net3.0以上版本直接添加Service Reference的本地代理中,并没有CookieContainer属性。只能选择使用.net2.0生成客户端代理。持久化CookieContainer的代码如下:
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CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();??
private void Form1_Load(object sender,EventArgs e)??
{??
??? var cookieFile = "MyCookie.dat";??
??? if (File.Exists(cookieFile))??
??? {??
??????? using (var fs = File.OpenRead(cookieFile))??
??????? {??
??????????? var bf = new BinaryFormatter();??
??????????? cookieContainer = bf.Deserialize(fs) as CookieContainer;??
??????? }??
??? }??
}??
private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender,FormClosingEventArgs e)??
{??
??? var cookieFile = "MyCookie.dat";??
??? using (var fs = File.OpenWrite(cookieFile))??
??? {??
??????? var bf = new BinaryFormatter();??
??????? bf.Serialize(fs,cookieContainer);??
??? }??
}?
CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
private void Form1_Load(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
??? var cookieFile = "MyCookie.dat";
??? if (File.Exists(cookieFile))
??? {
??????? using (var fs = File.OpenRead(cookieFile))
??????? {
??????????? var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
??????????? cookieContainer = bf.Deserialize(fs) as CookieContainer;
??????? }
??? }
}
private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender,FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
??? var cookieFile = "MyCookie.dat";
??? using (var fs = File.OpenWrite(cookieFile))
??? {
??????? var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
??????? bf.Serialize(fs,cookieContainer);
??? }
}
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出处:http://blog.csdn.net/fangxinggood/archive/2011/04/19/6332489.aspx