WebServices返回数据的4种方法比较

以前经常在群里听到朋友们说WebServices的性能特别的慢，说的如何如何。说实话，WebServices的确比调用本地数据要慢一些，可是究竟有多慢，真的如朋友们说的那么难以忍受吗？我个人感觉，多半原因在处理的方式上。让我们亲自编写测试代码，来证明这一切吧。文章由于是我一段时间的总结篇，因此难免参杂个人主观因素，说的不对的地方，还请多多批评。以下我们主要从调用WebServices的方法的特点、应用场景、测试结果三个方面来进行下说明分析。

1. 直接返回DataSet对象
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??? 特点：直接返回DataSet对象。

??? 应用场景：1.内网。2.外网且数据量在kb级别时。
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2.返回DataSet对象用Binary序列化后的字节数组

? ? 特点：字节数组流的处理模式。

? ? 应用场景：较大数据交换。

3.返回DataSetSurrogate对象用Binary 序列化后的字节数组
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? ? 特点：使用微软提供的开源组件进行序列化，依然是字节流的处理模式。详情请参考：http://support.microsoft.com/kb/829740/zh-cn

? ? 应用场景： 较大数据交换。
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4.返回DataSetSurrogate对象用Binary 序列化并Zip压缩后的字节数组

? ?? 特点：使用微软提供的开源组件对字节流数组进行压缩后传递，依然是字节流的处理模式。详情请参考：http://support.microsoft.com/kb/829740/zh-cn

? ?? 应用场景：外网环境需要进行大数据量网络数据传递时，建议采用此种方法。也是笔者强烈向大家推荐使用的一种方法。

WebServices的代码如下：

using ?System;
using ?System.Collections.Generic;
using ?System.Web;
using ?System.Web.Services;


using ?System.Data;
using ?Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common;
using ?Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data;
using ?System.IO;
using ?System.IO.Compression;
using ?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
namespace ?WebService1
{
???? /// ? <summary>
???? /// ?Service1?的摘要说明
???? /// ? </summary>
????[WebService(Namespace? = ? " http://tempuri.org/ " )]
????[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo? = ?WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
????[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem( false )]
???? public ? class ?Service1?:?System.Web.Services.WebService
????{
????????[WebMethod(Description = " 直接返回DataSet对象 " )]
???????? public ?DataSet?GetDataSet()
????????{
???????????? string ?sql? = ? " select?*?from?Customers " ;
????????????Database?db? = ?DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
????????????DataSet?ds? = ?db.ExecuteDataSet(CommandType.Text,sql);
???????????? return ?ds;
????????}

????????[WebMethod(Description? = ? " 返回DataSet对象用Binary序列化后的字节数组 " )]
???????? public ? byte []?GetBytes()
????????{
????????????DataSet?ds? = ?GetDataSet();
????????????BinaryFormatter?bf? = ? new ?BinaryFormatter();
????????????MemoryStream?ms? = ? new ?MemoryStream();
????????????bf.Serialize(ms,?ds);
???????????? byte []?buffer? = ?ms.ToArray();
???????????? return ?buffer;
????????}

????????[WebMethod(Description? = ? " 返回DataSetSurrogate对象用Binary序列化后的字节数组 " )]
???????? public ? byte []?GetDataSetSurrogateBytes()
????????{
????????????DataSet?ds? = ?GetDataSet();
????????????DataSetSurrogate?dss? = ? new ?DataSetSurrogate(ds);
????????????BinaryFormatter?bf? = ? new ?BinaryFormatter();
????????????MemoryStream?ms? = ? new ?MemoryStream();
????????????bf.Serialize(ms,dss);
???????????? byte []?buffer? = ?ms.ToArray();
???????????? return ?buffer;
????????}

????????[WebMethod(Description? = ? " 返回DataSetSurrogate对象用Binary序列化并ZIP压缩后的字节数组 " )]
???????? public ? byte []?GetDataSetSurrogateZipBytes()
????????{
????????????DataSet?DS? = ?GetDataSet();
????????????DataSetSurrogate?dss? = ? new ?DataSetSurrogate(DS);
????????????BinaryFormatter?bf? = ? new ?BinaryFormatter();
????????????MemoryStream?ms? = ? new ?MemoryStream();
????????????bf.Serialize(ms,?dss);
???????????? byte []?buffer? = ?ms.ToArray();
???????????? byte []?Zipbuffer? = ?Compress(buffer);
???????????? return ?Zipbuffer;
????????}

???????? // 压缩压缩后的字节数组
???????? public ? byte []?Compress( byte []?data)
????????{
????????????MemoryStream?ms? = ? new ?MemoryStream();
????????????Stream?zipStream? = ? new ?GZipStream(ms,?CompressionMode.Compress,? true );
????????????zipStream.Write(data,? 0 ,?data.Length);
????????????zipStream.Close();
????????????ms.Position? = ? 0 ;
???????????? byte []?buffer? = ? new ? byte [ms.Length];
????????????ms.Read(buffer, int .Parse(ms.Length.ToString()));
???????????? return ?buffer;
????????}
????}
}
客户端调用WebServices的代码如下：
using?System;
using?System.Collections.Generic;
using?System.Web;
using?System.Web.UI;
using?System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using?WebServicesClient.localhost;
using?System.Data;
using?System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using?System.IO;
using?System.Diagnostics;
namespace?WebServicesClient
{
????public?partial?class?_Default?:?System.Web.UI.Page
????{
????????Service1?s?=?new?Service1();
????????protected?void?Page_Load(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{

????????}

????????//直接返回DataSet对象
????????protected?void?Button1_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????Stopwatch?sw?=?new?Stopwatch();
????????????sw.Start();
????????????DataSet?ds?=?s.GetDataSet();
????????????GridView1.DataSource?=?ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;
????????????GridView1.DataBind();
????????????sw.Stop();
????????????Label1.Text?=?string.Format("耗时：{0}毫秒",?sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString());
????????}

????????//得到DataSet对象用Binary序列化后的字节数组
????????protected?void?Button2_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????Stopwatch?sw?=?new?Stopwatch();
????????????sw.Start();
????????????byte[]?buffer?=?s.GetBytes();
????????????BinaryFormatter?bf?=?new?BinaryFormatter();
????????????DataSet?ds?=?bf.Deserialize(new?MemoryStream(buffer))?as?DataSet;
????????????GridView1.DataSource?=?ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;
????????????GridView1.DataBind();
????????????sw.Stop();
????????????Label2.Text?=?string.Format("耗时：{1}毫秒；数据大小：{0}",?buffer.Length.ToString(),?sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString());
????????}
????????//得到DataSetSurrogate对象用Binary序列化后的字节数组
????????protected?void?Button3_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????Stopwatch?sw?=?new?Stopwatch();
????????????sw.Start();
????????????byte[]?buffer?=?s.GetDataSetSurrogateBytes();
????????????BinaryFormatter?bf?=?new?BinaryFormatter();
????????????DataSetSurrogate?dss?=?bf.Deserialize(new?MemoryStream(buffer))?as?DataSetSurrogate;
????????????DataSet?ds?=?dss.ConvertToDataSet();
????????????GridView1.DataSource?=?ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;
????????????GridView1.DataBind();
????????????sw.Stop();
????????????Label3.Text?=?string.Format("耗时：{1}毫秒；数据大小：{0}",?sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString());
????????}
????????//得到DataSetSurrogate对象用Binary序列化并ZIP压缩后的字节数组
????????protected?void?Button4_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????Stopwatch?sw?=?new?Stopwatch();
????????????sw.Start();
????????????byte[]?zipBuffer?=?s.GetDataSetSurrogateZipBytes();
????????????byte[]?buffer?=?UnZip.Decompress(zipBuffer);
????????????BinaryFormatter?bf?=?new?BinaryFormatter();
????????????DataSetSurrogate?dss?=?bf.Deserialize(new?MemoryStream(buffer))?as?DataSetSurrogate;
????????????DataSet?ds?=?dss.ConvertToDataSet();
????????????GridView1.DataSource?=?ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;
????????????GridView1.DataBind();
????????????sw.Stop();

????????????Label4.Text?=?string.Format("耗时：{1}毫秒；数据大小：{0}",zipBuffer.Length.ToString(),sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString());
????????}
????}
}

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测试的结果按照先后顺序如下图所示：
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关于测试结果的特殊说明：由于测试环境是在本地，数据量也不是很大，测试的结果离实际情况还不是很接近，如果大家有条件的话，可以测试一下，同时希望把测试的结果提供给大家参考。
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最后，为了方便大家，这里还提供了源码下载，下载地址如下：
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/Files/wlb/WebServiceSummary.rar?

关于源代码的特殊说明：笔者这里的开发环境为VS2008中文版sp1+SQLServer2008sp1。数据库为Northwind数据库。
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