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现在的项目中需要用到SOA概念的地方越来越多,最近我接手的一个项目中就提出了这样的业务要求,需要在.net开发的客户端系统中访问java开发的web系统,这样的业务需求自然需要通过WebService进行信息数据的操作。下面就将我们在开发中摸索的一点经验教训总结以下，以供大家参考.?
在
WebService开发笔记 2 -- VS 2005 访问WebServcie更简单
中作一个跨平台访问WebServcie服务的例子....?
在
WebService开发笔记 3 -- 增强访问 WebService 的安全性
通过一个简单的用户口令验证机制来加强一下WebService的安全性....?
我们项目的整个架构使用的比较流行的WSH MVC组合,即webwork2 + Spring + Hibernate;?
1.首先集成Apacha CXF WebService 到 Spring 框架中;?
?? apache cxf 下载地址:
http://people.apache.org/dist/incubator/cxf/2.0.4-incubator/apache-cxf-2.0.4-incubator.zip
?
? 在spring context配置文件中引入以下cxf配置?
- <import?resource="classpath*:META-INF/cxf/cxf.xml"?/>??
- import?resource="classpath*:META-INF/cxf/cxf-extension-soap.xml"?import?resource="classpath*:META-INF/cxf/cxf-servlet.xml"?/>??
?? 在web.xml中添加过滤器:?
servlet >??
????servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-class ????????org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet??
servlet-mappingurl-pattern>/services/*>??
2.开发服务端WebService接口:?
?
- ?*?WebService接口定义类.?
- ?*??
- ?*?使用@WebService将接口中的所有方法输出为Web?Service.?
- ?*?可用annotation对设置方法、参数和返回值在WSDL中的定义.?
- ?*/??
- @WebService??
- public?interface?WebServiceSample?{??
- ??
- ?????
- ?????*?@param?hello?
- ?????*?@return?
- ?????*/??
- ????String?say(String?hello);??
- ??????
- ?????*?稍微复杂一些的方法,传递一个对象给服务端处理?
- ?????*?@param?user?
- ????String?sayUserName(??
- ????????????@WebParam(name?=?"user")???
- ????????????UserDTO?user);??
- ?????*?最复杂的方法,返回一个List封装的对象集合?
- ????public???
- ????@WebResult(partName="o")??
- ????ListObject?findUsers();??
- }??
由简单到复杂定义了三个接口,模拟业务需求;?
3.实现接口?
?*?WebService实现类.?
?*?使用@WebService指向Interface定义类即可.?
@WebService(endpointInterface?=?"cn.org.coral.biz.examples.webservice.WebServiceSample")??
class?WebServiceSampleImpl?implements?WebServiceSample?{??
public?String?sayUserName(UserDTO?user)?{??
????????return?"hello?"+user.getName();??
????}??
public?String?say(String?hello)?{??
return?"hello?"+hello;??
public?ListObject?findUsers()?{??
????????ArrayList<Object>?list?=?new?ArrayList<Object>();??
??????????
????????list.add(instancUser(1,"lib"));??
2,"mld"));??
3,"lq"));??
4,"gj"));??
????????ListObject?o?=?new?ListObject();??
????????o.setList(list);??
return?o;??
private?UserDTO?instancUser(Integer?id,String?name){??
????????UserDTO?user?=?new?UserDTO();??
????????user.setId(id);??
????????user.setName(name);??
return?user;??
4.依赖的两个类:用户对象与List对象?
?*?Web?Service传输User信息的DTO.?
?*?分离entity类与web?service接口间的耦合，隔绝entity类的修改对接口的影响.?
?*?使用JAXB?2.0的annotation标注JAVA-XML映射，尽量使用默认约定.?
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)??
@XmlType(name?=?"User")??
class?UserDTO?{??
protected?Integer?id;??
protected?String?name;??
public?Integer?getId()?{??
return?id;??
void?setId(Integer?value)?{??
????????id?=?value;??
public?String?getName()?{??
return?name;??
void?setName(String?value)?{??
????????name?=?value;??
关于List对象,参照了
有关JWS的一个问题
中的描述:DK6.0 自带的WebService中 WebMethod的参数好像不能是ArrayList 或者其他List?
传递List需要将List 包装在其他对象内部才行 (个人理解 如有不对请指出),我在实践中也遇到了此类问题.通过以下封装的对象即可以传递List对象.?
?*?<p>Java?class?for?listObject?complex?type.?
?*?<p>The?following?schema?fragment?specifies?the?expected?content?contained?within?this?class.?
?*?<pre>?
?*?<complexType?name="listObject">?
?*???<complexContent>?
?*?????<restriction?base="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}anyType">?
?*???????<sequence>?
?*?????????<element?name="list"?type="{http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema}anyType"?maxOccurs="unbounded"?minOccurs="0"/>?
?*???????</sequence>?
?*?????</restriction>?
?*???</complexContent>?
?*?</complexType>?
?*?</pre>?
@XmlType(name?=?"listObject",?propOrder?=?{?"list"?})??
class?ListObject?{??
@XmlElement(nillable?=?true)??
protected?List<Object>?list;??
?????*?Gets?the?value?of?the?list?property.?
?????*??
?????*?<p>?
?????*?This?accessor?method?returns?a?reference?to?the?live?list,?
?????*?not?a?snapshot.?Therefore?any?modification?you?make?to?the?
?????*?returned?list?will?be?present?inside?the?JAXB?object.?
?????*?This?is?why?there?is?not?a?<CODE>set</CODE>?method?for?the?list?property.?
?????*?For?example,?to?add?a?new?item,?do?as?follows:?
?????*?<pre>?
?????*????getList().add(newItem);?
?????*?</pre>?
?????*?Objects?of?the?following?type(s)?are?allowed?in?the?list?
?????*?{@link?Object?}?
public?List<Object>?getList()?{??
if?(list?==?null)?{??
????????????list?=? ????????}??
return?this.list;??
void?setList(ArrayList<Object>?list)?{??
this.list?=?list;??
5.WebService 服务端 spring 配置文件 ws-context.xml?
beans?xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"??
????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"??
????xmlns:jaxws="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws"??
????xsi:schemaLocation="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxws?http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxws.xsd?http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans??http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"??
????default-autowire="byName"?default-lazy-init="true"jaxws:endpoint?id="webServiceSample"??
????????address="/WebServiceSample"?implementor="cn.org.coral.biz.examples.webservice.WebServiceSampleImpl"beansWebService 客户端 spring 配置文件 wsclient-context.xml?
??????
bean?id="identityValidateServiceClient"?class="cn.org.coral.admin.service.IdentityValidateService"??
????????factory-bean="identityValidateServiceClientFactory"?factory-method="create"?bean?id="identityValidateServiceClientFactory"??
????????class="org.apache.cxf.jaxws.JaxWsProxyFactoryBean" ????????property?name="serviceClass"??
????????????value="cn.org.coral.admin.service.IdentityValidateService"?property?name="address"??
????????????value="http://88.148.29.54:8080/coral/services/IdentityValidateService"bean6.发布到tomcat服务器以后通过以下地址即可查看自定义的webservice接口生成的wsdl:?
http://88.148.29.54:8080/aio/services/WebServiceSample?wsdl?
7.调用WebService接口的Junit单元测试程序?
package?test.coral.sample;??
import?org.springframework.test.AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests;??
import?cn.org.coral.biz.examples.webservice.WebServiceSample;??
import?cn.org.coral.biz.examples.webservice.dto.UserDTO;??
class?TestWebServiceSample?extends??
????????AbstractDependencyInjectionSpringContextTests?{??
????WebServiceSample?webServiceSampleClient;??
void?setWebServiceSampleClient(WebServiceSample?webServiceSampleClient)?{??
this.webServiceSampleClient?=?webServiceSampleClient;??
@Override??
protected?String[]?getConfigLocations()?{??
????????setAutowireMode(AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME);??
????????????????????
new?String[]?{?"classpath:/cn/org/coral/biz/examples/webservice/wsclient-context.xml"?};??
void?testWSClinet(){??
????????Assert.hasText(webServiceSampleClient.say("?world"));??
}
（编辑：李大同）
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