.net 调用webservice 总结

发布时间：2020-12-16 23:22:02 所属栏目：安全来源：网络整理

导读：最近做一个项目，由于是在别人框架里开发app,导致了很多限制，其中一个就是不能直接引用webservice 。我们都知道，调用webserivice 最简单的方法就是在 "引用"? 那里点击右键，然后选择"引用web服务"，再输入服务地址。确定后，会生成一个app.config 里面

最近做一个项目，由于是在别人框架里开发app,导致了很多限制，其中一个就是不能直接引用webservice 。

我们都知道，调用webserivice 最简单的方法就是在 "引用"? 那里点击右键，然后选择"引用web服务"，再输入服务地址。

确定后，会生成一个app.config 里面就会自动生成了一些配置信息。

现在正在做的这个项目就不能这么干。后来经过一番搜索，就找出另外几种动态调用webservice 的方法。

废话少说，下面是webservice 代码

 
   
 
  
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;

namespace TestWebService
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Service1 的摘要说明
    </summary>
    [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/",Description=我的Web服务")]
    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
    [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
    // 若要允许使用 ASP.NET AJAX 从脚本中调用此 Web 服务，请取消对下行的注释。
     [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
    public class TestWebService : System.Web.Services.WebService
    {

        [WebMethod]
        string HelloWorld()
        {
            return 测试Hello World";
        }

        [WebMethod]
        string Test()
        {
            测试Test";
        }
      
        [WebMethod(CacheDuration = 60,Description = 测试")]
        public List<String> GetPersons()
        {
            List<String> list = new List<string>();
            list.Add(测试一");
            list.Add(测试二测试三");
            return list;
        }  

    }

} 
   
 
  

动态调用示例：

方法一：

看到很多动态调用WebService都只是动态调用地址而已，下面发一个不光是根据地址调用，方法名也可以自己指定的,主要原理是根据指定的WebService地址的WSDL,然后解析模拟生成一个代理类,通过反射调用里面的方法?

using System.IO; using System.Collections; using System.Net; using System.Reflection; using System.CodeDom; using System.CodeDom.Compiler; using System.Web.Services; using System.Text; using System.Web.Services.Description; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { WebClient client = new WebClient(); String url = http://localhost:3182/Service1.asmx?WSDL";这个地址可以写在Config文件里面，这里取出来就行了.在原地址后面加上： ?WSDL Stream stream = client.OpenRead(url); ServiceDescription description = ServiceDescription.Read(stream); ServiceDescriptionImporter importer = new ServiceDescriptionImporter();创建客户端代理代理类。 importer.ProtocolName = Soap"; 指定访问协议。 importer.Style = ServiceDescriptionImportStyle.Client; 生成客户端代理。 importer.CodeGenerationOptions = CodeGenerationOptions.GenerateProperties | CodeGenerationOptions.GenerateNewAsync; importer.AddServiceDescription(description,null,null); 添加WSDL文档。 CodeNamespace nmspace = new CodeNamespace(); 命名空间 nmspace.Name = TestWebService"; CodeCompileUnit unit = new CodeCompileUnit(); unit.Namespaces.Add(nmspace); ServiceDescriptionImportWarnings warning = importer.Import(nmspace,unit); CodeDomProvider provider = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider(CSharp"); CompilerParameters parameter = new CompilerParameters(); parameter.GenerateExecutable = false; parameter.OutputAssembly = MyTest.dll输出程序集的名称 parameter.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(System.dll"); parameter.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(System.XML.dllSystem.Web.Services.dllSystem.Data.dll"); CompilerResults result = provider.CompileAssemblyFromDom(parameter,unit); if (result.Errors.HasErrors) { 显示编译错误信息 } Assembly asm = Assembly.LoadFrom(");加载前面生成的程序集 Type t = asm.GetType(TestWebService.TestWebService"); object o = Activator.CreateInstance(t); MethodInfo method = t.GetMethod(GetPersonsGetPersons是服务端的方法名称,你想调用服务端的什么方法都可以在这里改,最好封装一下 String[] item = (String[])method.Invoke(o,255); line-height:1.5!important">null); 注：method.Invoke(o,null)返回的是一个Object,如果你服务端返回的是DataSet,这里也是用(DataSet)method.Invoke(o,null)转一下就行了,method.Invoke(0,null)这里的null可以传调用方法需要的参数,string[]形式的 foreach (string str in item) Console.WriteLine(str); 上面是根据WebService地址，模似生成一个代理类,如果你想看看生成的代码文件是什么样子，可以用以下代码保存下来，默认是保存在bin目录下面 TextWriter writer = File.CreateText(MyTest.cs"); provider.GenerateCodeFromCompileUnit(unit,writer,255); line-height:1.5!important">null); writer.Flush(); writer.Close(); } } }

在网上找了一个更为详细的

http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-kthiqwfl-qo.html

方法二：利用 wsdl.exe生成webservice代理类:

根据提供的wsdl生成webservice代理类，然后在代码里引用这个类文件。

步骤：1、在开始菜单找到? Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 下面的Visual Studio Tools ，点击Visual Studio 命令提示(2010)，打开命令行。

????????? 2、?在命令行中输入：? wsdl /language:c# /n:TestDemo /out:d:/Temp/TestService.cs?http://jm1.services.gmcc.net/ad/Services/AD.asmx?wsdl

??????????????? 这句命令行的意思是：对最后面的服务地址进行编译，在D盘temp 目录下生成testservice文件。

????????? 3、把上面命令编译后的cs文件，复制到我们项目中，在项目代码中可以直接new 一个出来后，可以进行调用。

???贴出由命令行编译出来的代码：

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <auto-generated> 此代码由工具生成。运行时版本:4.0.30319.225 // 对此文件的更改可能会导致不正确的行为，并且如果重新生成代码，这些更改将会丢失。 </auto-generated> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // 此源代码由 wsdl 自动生成,Version=4.0.30319.1。 namespace Bingosoft.Module.SurveyQuestionnaire.DAL { using System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; using System.Web.Services; using System.Data; <remarks/> [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute(wsdl4.0.30319.1")] [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()] [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute(code")] [System.Web.Services.WebServiceBindingAttribute(Name=WebserviceForILookSoap")] partial class WebserviceForILook : System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol { private System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback GetRecordNumOperationCompleted; private System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback GetVoteListOperationCompleted; private System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback VoteOperationCompleted; private System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback GiveUpOperationCompleted; private System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback GetQuestionTaskListOperationCompleted; <remarks/> public WebserviceForILook() { this.Url = http://st1.services.gmcc.net/qnaire/Services/WebserviceForILook.asmx"; } event GetRecordNumCompletedEventHandler GetRecordNumCompleted; event GetVoteListCompletedEventHandler GetVoteListCompleted; event VoteCompletedEventHandler VoteCompleted; event GiveUpCompletedEventHandler GiveUpCompleted; event GetQuestionTaskListCompletedEventHandler GetQuestionTaskListCompleted; <remarks/> [System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapDocumentMethodAttribute(http://tempuri.org/GetRecordNumSystem.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapParameterStyle.Wrapped)] int[] GetRecordNum(string appcode,255); line-height:1.5!important">string userID) { object[] results = this.Invoke(GetRecordNumnew object[] { appcode,userID}); return ((int[])(results[0])); } public System.IAsyncResult BeginGetRecordNum(string userID,System.AsyncCallback callback,255); line-height:1.5!important">object asyncState) { return this.BeginInvoke(int[] EndGetRecordNum(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { this.EndInvoke(asyncResult); void GetRecordNumAsync(this.GetRecordNumAsync(appcode,userID,255); line-height:1.5!important">null); } object userState) { if ((this.GetRecordNumOperationCompleted == null)) { this.GetRecordNumOperationCompleted = new System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback(this.OnGetRecordNumOperationCompleted); } this.InvokeAsync(this.GetRecordNumOperationCompleted,userState); } private void OnGetRecordNumOperationCompleted(object arg) { this.GetRecordNumCompleted != null)) { System.Web.Services.Protocols.InvokeCompletedEventArgs invokeArgs = ((System.Web.Services.Protocols.InvokeCompletedEventArgs)(arg)); this.GetRecordNumCompleted(this,255); line-height:1.5!important">new GetRecordNumCompletedEventArgs(invokeArgs.Results,invokeArgs.Error,invokeArgs.Cancelled,invokeArgs.UserState)); } } http://tempuri.org/GetVoteListpublic System.Data.DataSet GetVoteList(GetVoteListreturn ((System.Data.DataSet)(results[public System.IAsyncResult BeginGetVoteList(public System.Data.DataSet EndGetVoteList(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { void GetVoteListAsync(this.GetVoteListAsync(appcode,255); line-height:1.5!important">this.GetVoteListOperationCompleted == this.GetVoteListOperationCompleted = this.OnGetVoteListOperationCompleted); } this.GetVoteListOperationCompleted,255); line-height:1.5!important">void OnGetVoteListOperationCompleted(this.GetVoteListCompleted != this.GetVoteListCompleted(new GetVoteListCompletedEventArgs(invokeArgs.Results,0); line-height:1.5!important">http://tempuri.org/Votebool Vote(string qTaskID,255); line-height:1.5!important">string answer) { Votebool)(results[public System.IAsyncResult BeginVote(string answer,answer},255); line-height:1.5!important">bool EndVote(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { void VoteAsync(this.VoteAsync(appcode,answer,255); line-height:1.5!important">this.VoteOperationCompleted == this.VoteOperationCompleted = this.OnVoteOperationCompleted); } this.VoteOperationCompleted,255); line-height:1.5!important">void OnVoteOperationCompleted(this.VoteCompleted != this.VoteCompleted(new VoteCompletedEventArgs(invokeArgs.Results,0); line-height:1.5!important">http://tempuri.org/GiveUpbool GiveUp(string qTaskID) { GiveUppublic System.IAsyncResult BeginGiveUp(bool EndGiveUp(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { void GiveUpAsync(this.GiveUpAsync(appcode,255); line-height:1.5!important">this.GiveUpOperationCompleted == this.GiveUpOperationCompleted = this.OnGiveUpOperationCompleted); } this.GiveUpOperationCompleted,255); line-height:1.5!important">void OnGiveUpOperationCompleted(this.GiveUpCompleted != this.GiveUpCompleted(new GiveUpCompletedEventArgs(invokeArgs.Results,0); line-height:1.5!important">http://tempuri.org/GetQuestionTaskListpublic System.Data.DataSet GetQuestionTaskList(GetQuestionTaskListpublic System.IAsyncResult BeginGetQuestionTaskList(public System.Data.DataSet EndGetQuestionTaskList(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { void GetQuestionTaskListAsync(this.GetQuestionTaskListAsync(appcode,255); line-height:1.5!important">this.GetQuestionTaskListOperationCompleted == this.GetQuestionTaskListOperationCompleted = this.OnGetQuestionTaskListOperationCompleted); } this.GetQuestionTaskListOperationCompleted,255); line-height:1.5!important">void OnGetQuestionTaskListOperationCompleted(this.GetQuestionTaskListCompleted != this.GetQuestionTaskListCompleted(new GetQuestionTaskListCompletedEventArgs(invokeArgs.Results,255); line-height:1.5!important">void CancelAsync(base.CancelAsync(userState); } } delegate void GetRecordNumCompletedEventHandler(object sender,GetRecordNumCompletedEventArgs e); class GetRecordNumCompletedEventArgs : System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs { object[] results; internal GetRecordNumCompletedEventArgs(object[] results,System.Exception exception,255); line-height:1.5!important">bool cancelled,255); line-height:1.5!important">object userState) : base(exception,cancelled,userState) { this.results = results; } int[] Result { get { this.RaiseExceptionIfNecessary(); int[])(this.results[0])); } } } void GetVoteListCompletedEventHandler(class GetVoteListCompletedEventArgs : System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs { internal GetVoteListCompletedEventArgs(public System.Data.DataSet Result { return ((System.Data.DataSet)(void VoteCompletedEventHandler(class VoteCompletedEventArgs : System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs { internal VoteCompletedEventArgs(bool Result { bool)(void GiveUpCompletedEventHandler(class GiveUpCompletedEventArgs : System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs { internal GiveUpCompletedEventArgs(void GetQuestionTaskListCompletedEventHandler(class GetQuestionTaskListCompletedEventArgs : System.ComponentModel.AsyncCompletedEventArgs { internal GetQuestionTaskListCompletedEventArgs(0])); } } } }

更为详细的可以参见：http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-drlofvnv-dn.html

方法三：利用http 协议的get? 和post

这是最为灵活的方法。

using System.Xml; namespace Bingosoft.RIA.Common { 利用WebRequest/WebResponse进行WebService调用的类 </summary> class WebServiceCaller { #region Tip:使用说明 webServices 应该支持Get和Post调用，在web.config应该增加以下代码 <webServices> <protocols> <add name="HttpGet"/> <add name="HttpPost"/> </protocols> </webServices> 调用示例： Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); Hashtable 为webservice所需要的参数集 ht.Add("str","test"); ht.Add("b","true"); XmlDocument xx = WebSvcCaller.QuerySoapWebService("http://localhost:81/service.asmx","HelloWorld",ht); MessageBox.Show(xx.OuterXml); #endregion <summary> 需要WebService支持Post调用 </summary> static XmlDocument QueryPostWebService(String URL,String MethodName,Hashtable Pars) { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL + /" + MethodName); request.Method = POST"; request.ContentType = application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; SetWebRequest(request); byte[] data = EncodePars(Pars); WriteRequestData(request,data); return ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse()); } 需要WebService支持Get调用 static XmlDocument QueryGetWebService(String URL,0); line-height:1.5!important">" + MethodName + ?" + ParsToString(Pars)); request.Method = GET 通用WebService调用(Soap),参数Pars为String类型的参数名、参数值 static XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String URL,Hashtable Pars) { if (_xmlNamespaces.ContainsKey(URL)) { return QuerySoapWebService(URL,MethodName,Pars,_xmlNamespaces[URL].ToString()); } else { static XmlDocument QuerySoapWebService(String URL,Hashtable Pars,255); line-height:1.5!important">string XmlNs) { _xmlNamespaces[URL] = XmlNs;加入缓存，提高效率 HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL); request.Method = text/xml; charset=utf-8"; request.Headers.Add(SOAPAction"" + XmlNs + (XmlNs.EndsWith(") ? "" : ") + MethodName + "); SetWebRequest(request); byte[] data = EncodeParsToSoap(Pars,XmlNs,MethodName); WriteRequestData(request,data); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(),doc2 = new XmlDocument(); doc = ReadXmlResponse(request.GetResponse()); XmlNamespaceManager mgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable); mgr.AddNamespace(soaphttp://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"); String RetXml = doc.SelectSingleNode(//soap:Body/*/*",mgr).InnerXml; doc2.LoadXml(<root>" + RetXml + </root>"); AddDelaration(doc2); return doc2; } string GetNamespace(String URL) { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(URL + ?WSDL"); SetWebRequest(request); WebResponse response = request.GetResponse(); StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(),Encoding.UTF8); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml(sr.ReadToEnd()); sr.Close(); return doc.SelectSingleNode(//@targetNamespace").Value; } byte[] EncodeParsToSoap(Hashtable Pars,String XmlNs,String MethodName) { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml(<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"></soap:Envelope>"); AddDelaration(doc); XmlElement soapBody = doc.createElement_x_x("soap","Body","http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"); XmlElement soapBody = doc.CreateElement(BodyXmlElement soapMethod = doc.createElement_x_x(MethodName); XmlElement soapMethod = doc.CreateElement(MethodName); soapMethod.SetAttribute(xmlnsstring k in Pars.Keys) { XmlElement soapPar = doc.createElement_x_x(k); XmlElement soapPar = doc.CreateElement(k); soapPar.InnerXml = ObjectToSoapXml(Pars[k]); soapMethod.AppendChild(soapPar); } soapBody.AppendChild(soapMethod); doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(soapBody); return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(doc.OuterXml); } string ObjectToSoapXml(object o) { XmlSerializer mySerializer = new XmlSerializer(o.GetType()); MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(); mySerializer.Serialize(ms,o); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray())); if (doc.DocumentElement != null) { return doc.DocumentElement.InnerXml; } return o.ToString(); } } 设置凭证与超时时间 </summary> <param name="request"></param> void SetWebRequest(HttpWebRequest request) { request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials; request.Timeout = 10000; } void WriteRequestData(HttpWebRequest request,255); line-height:1.5!important">byte[] data) { request.ContentLength = data.Length; Stream writer = request.GetRequestStream(); writer.Write(data,0,data.Length); writer.Close(); } byte[] EncodePars(Hashtable Pars) { return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(ParsToString(Pars)); } static String ParsToString(Hashtable Pars) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); if (sb.Length > 0) { sb.Append(&"); } sb.Append(HttpUtility.UrlEncode(k) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(Pars[k].ToString())); } return sb.ToString(); } static XmlDocument ReadXmlResponse(WebResponse response) { StreamReader sr = sr.ReadToEnd(); sr.Close(); XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml(retXml); return doc; } void AddDelaration(XmlDocument doc) { XmlDeclaration decl = doc.CreateXmlDeclaration(1.0utf-8null); doc.InsertBefore(decl,doc.DocumentElement); } static Hashtable _xmlNamespaces = new Hashtable();缓存xmlNamespace，避免重复调用GetNamespace } }

（编辑：李大同）

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