DockerFile

发布时间：2020-12-16 03:16:57 所属栏目：安全来源：网络整理

导读：1.DockerFile简介 ??Dockerfile是用来构建Docker镜像的构建文件，是由一系列命令和参数构成的脚本 ?? 构建三步骤 :编写Dockerfile文件-docker build-docker run 范例： DockerFile示例 https://github.com/CentOS/sig-cloud-instance-images/blob/f32666d2af

1.DockerFile简介

??Dockerfile是用来构建Docker镜像的构建文件，是由一系列命令和参数构成的脚本

??构建三步骤:编写Dockerfile文件->docker build->docker run

范例：DockerFile示例

https://github.com/CentOS/sig-cloud-instance-images/blob/f32666d2af356ed6835942ed753a4970e18bca94/docker/Dockerfile

2.DockerFile构建过程

?

总结?

3.DockerFile指令?

[1].实例1

??Docker Hub 中 99% 的镜像都是通过在 base 镜像中安装和配置需要的软件构建出来的

[2].实例2

??自定义mycentos目的使我们自己的镜像具备如下:登陆后的默认路径|vim编辑器| 查看网络配置ifconfig支持

(1).编写DockerFile

[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd

/mydocker

[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile2

FROM centos:centos6.8

ENV MYPATH /usr/local

WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim

RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH

CMD echo "success--------------ok"

CMD /bin/bash

(2).构建build

语法：docker build -t 新镜像名字:TAG .

[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd

/mydocker

[root@pluto mydocker]# ll

总用量 8

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 144 8月 ?18 15:48 Dockerfile

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 197 8月 ?19 03:42 Dockerfile2

[root@pluto mydocker]#?docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile2 -t centos:centos6.81 .

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker images

REPOSITORY ?????????TAG ????????????????IMAGE ID ???????????CREATED ?????????????VIRTUAL SIZE

centos ?????????????centos6.81 ?????????c325fa072969 ???????About a minute ago ??380.9 MB

(3).运行

语法：docker run -it 新镜像名字:TAG

[root@6cea293ae495 local]# vim host

[root@6cea293ae495 local]# pwd

/usr/local

??添加vim编辑器成功，我们可以通过这种方式获得自己的工具库

(4).镜像历史

语法：docker history 镜像名

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker images centos

REPOSITORY ?????????TAG ????????????????IMAGE ID ???????????CREATED ????????????VIRTUAL SIZE

centos ?????????????centos6.81 ?????????c325fa072969 ???????7 minutes ago ??????380.9 MB

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker history centos:centos6.81

IMAGE ??????????????CREATED ????????????CREATED BY ?????????????????????????????????????SIZE ???????????????COMMENT

c325fa072969 ???????7 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin/b ??0 B ????????????????

610a93db295c ???????7 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo ??0 B ????????????????

c01a5a2195d7 ???????7 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo $ ??0 B ????????????????

adf973b1e485 ???????7 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp ????????????????0 B ????????????????

9598516913a1 ???????7 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools ????????????23.32 MB ???????????

3e60ce0af3d5 ???????8 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c yum -y install vim ??????????????????163.1 MB ???????????

583e9beff987 ???????9 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local ???????????0 B ????????????????

db4a1be6d6dc ???????9 minutes ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYPATH=/usr/local ????????0 B ????????????????

efa3cf7ee1f9 ???????17 months ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) ?CMD ["/bin/bash"] ???????????0 B ????????????????

2e9485c70cb7 ???????17 months ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) ?LABEL name=CentOS Base Ima ??0 B ????????????????

24cb4957fdbf ???????17 months ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:14c084af88ccd62ad7 ??194.5 MB ???????????

3690474eb5b4 ???????22 months ago ??????/bin/sh -c #(nop) ?MAINTAINER The CentOS Proj ??0 B ????????????????

[3].实例3

(1).CMD

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker run -it -p 8888:8080 tomcat ls -l

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID ???????IMAGE ??????????????COMMAND ???????????????CREATED ????????????STATUS ?????????????PORTS ??????????????NAMES

??因为ls -l替换了CMD ["catalina.sh","run"]，所以我们通过docker ps查看的时候tomcat并未启动起来

(2).ENTRYPOINT

??docker run 之后的参数会被当做参数传递给 ENTRYPOINT，之后形成新的命令组合.

①.CMD版IP查询

[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd

/mydocker

[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile3

FROM centos:centos6.8

RUN yum install -y curl

CMD ["curl","-s","http://www.cip.cc"]

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile3 -t centos:ip .

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker run -it centos:ip

②ENTRYPOINT版IP查询

??如果我们希望显示 HTTP 头信息，就需要加上 -i 参数,在CMD时会出现错误

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker run -it centos:ip -i

exec: "-i": executable file not found in $PATH

Error response from daemon: Cannot start container a436fb6d142dd601abdb44ced5ec0749df43c65db22f770a50f7519814574380: [8] System error: exec: "-i": executable file not found in $PATH

[root@pluto mydocker]# pwd

/mydocker

[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile4

FROM centos:centos6.8

RUN yum install -y curl

ENTRYPOINT ["curl","http://cip.cc"]

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile4 -t centos:ip1 .

[4].实例4

(1).FROM

[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile5

FROM centos:centos6.8

RUN yum install -y curl

ENTRYPOINT ["curl","http://cip.cc"]

ONBUILD RUN echo "father images onbuild ----"

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile5 -t centos:myip_father .

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker images

REPOSITORY ?????????TAG ????????????????IMAGE ID ???????????CREATED ????????????VIRTUAL SIZE

centos ?????????????myip_father ????????747a0f27ad7e ???????46 seconds ago ?????300.6 MB

[root@pluto mydocker]# vim Dockerfile6

FROM centos:myip_father

RUN yum install -y curl

ENTRYPOINT ["curl","http://cip.cc"]

ONBUILD RUN echo "father images onbuild ----"

[root@pluto mydocker]# docker build -f /mydocker/Dockerfile6 -t centos:father_son .

(2).自定义Tomcat

①Dockerfile

[root@pluto /]# mkdir -p /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# pwd

/pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# touch c.txt

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# cp /opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz .

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# cp /opt/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz .

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# ls

apache-tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz ?c.txt ?jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# vim Dockerfile

FROM centos:centos6.8

MAINTAINER ???pluto<pluto@163.com>

#把宿主机当前上下文的c.txt拷贝到容器/usr/local/路径下

COPY c.txt /usr/local/cincontainer.txt

#把java与tomcat添加到容器中

ADD jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz /usr/local/

ADD apache-tomcat-7.0.70.tar.gz /usr/local/

#安装vim编辑器

RUN yum -y install vim

#设置工作访问时候的WORKDIR路径，登录落脚点

ENV MYPATH /usr/local

WORKDIR $MYPATH

#配置java与tomcat环境变量

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_79

ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70

ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70

ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

#容器运行时监听的端口

EXPOSE ?8080

#启动时运行tomcat

# ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/startup.sh" ]

# CMD ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/bin/logs/catalina.out

??注：上面的apache-tomcat-7.0.70和jdk1.7.0_79需要注意，自己的版本需要对应，最简单获得的方法就是解压后就可以知道这两个是怎么填写。如

[root@pluto apache-tomcat-7.0.70]# pwd

/opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.70

[root@pluto jdk1.7.0_79]# pwd

/opt/jdk1.7.0_79

就可以将这两个参数填写到上面中黑体字部分

②构建

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker build -f /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020/Dockerfile ?-t centos:tomcat .

③运行

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker images

REPOSITORY ?????????TAG ????????????????IMAGE ID ???????????CREATED ????????????VIRTUAL SIZE

centos ?????????????tomcat ?????????????9fe67481da23 ???????2 minutes ago ??????677.5 MB

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker run -d -p 9080:8080 --name mytomcat -v /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat7/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/test -v /pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat7/tomcat7logs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/logs --privileged=true centos:tomcat

8cb50f97b47735e0c10189993670d324a12b16a007f50caba2e9576b14a90fa0

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID ???????IMAGE ??????????????COMMAND ???????????????CREATED ????????????STATUS ?????????????PORTS ???????????????????NAMES

8cb50f97b477 ???????centos:tomcat ??????"/bin/sh -c '/usr/lo ??17 seconds ago ?????Up 17 seconds ??????0.0.0.0:9080->8080/tcp ??mytomcat

[root@pluto tomcat2020]# docker exec 8cb50f97b477 ls -l

注：若访问失败可能是防火墙的原因，关闭防火墙或者添加规则即可

若出现"Error response from daemon: Conflict. The name "mytomcat" is already in use by container 676291e51f29. You have to delete (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name."则可以通过以下方法解决

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37189082/article/details/100051374

④发布web服务

[root@pluto test]# mkdir WEB-INF

[root@pluto test]# cd WEB-INF/

[root@pluto WEB-INF]# pwd

/pluto/mydockerfile/tomcat2020/test/WEB-INF

[root@pluto WEB-INF]# vim web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

??xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

??xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"

??id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

??<display-name>test</display-name>

</web-app>

[root@pluto test]# cd ..

[root@pluto test]# vim a.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

??<head>

????<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

????<title>Insert title here</title>

??</head>

??<body>

????-----------welcome------------

????<%="i am in docker tomcat self "%>

????<br>

????<% System.out.println("=============docker tomcat self");%>

??</body>

</html>

[root@pluto test]# docker restart mytomcat

⑤查看日志

[root@pluto tomcat7logs]# pwd

[root@pluto tomcat7logs]# ll

[root@pluto tomcat7logs]# tail -n 5 catalina.out

??网页刷新几次就会出现几次"docker tomcat self"

4.总结

（编辑：李大同）

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