inxi:可一键查询Linux系统软硬件信息的Shell脚本

《inxi:可一键查询Linux系统软硬件信息的Shell脚本》要点：
本文介绍了inxi:可一键查询Linux系统软硬件信息的Shell脚本，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

inxi是一个Linux操作系统信息查询脚本工具,当那些需要远程维护系统的管理员遇到服务器硬件问题时,总是希望在最快最便捷的方式获取到所有的系统信息(包含：系统的版本、驱动、内存、CPU、网卡、硬盘等等),如果使用我们所熟悉的uname -a; lspci; df -h…..命令去查询,我估计服务器在宕机之前,可能你还没收集完信息呢……所以inxi就是要解决这类问题,从而实现一次性获取所有这些系统信息.

inxi是基于系统信息查询工具infobash 3.02的一个分支版本,其加强了该工具的回显格式和脚本参数,从而提高了使用体验.

示例：下面是执行bash inxi -Fz的回显信息

就是这么使用的工具,其编程语言是Shell,我看了下inxi于2012.10.19发布的1.8.20版本的Shell源代码,总共是8801行,有兴趣的可以到这里看看inxi源代码.

附录：下面是inxi工具的详细参数,系统管理员已经习惯了使用man,这里就不做翻译了.(你也可以使用bash inxi -H来查看这些参数说明)

• inxi supports the following options. These options are included as of inxi 1.7.5. Earlier versions may not have every option. You can combine these options,or list them one by one: Examples: inxi -v4 -c6 OR inxi -bDc 6

• If you start inxi with no arguments,it will show the short form. The following options if used without -b,-F or -v + number will show just that complete line:
  • A,C,D,G,I,M,N,P,S,f,i,n,o,p,l,u,r,s,t – you can use these together or alone to show just the line(s) you want to see.
  • If you use them with either a -v + level,a -b,or with -F,it will show the full output for that line along with the output for the chosen verbosity level.
  • NOTE: as of version 1.6.5,the old basic output option -d was changed to -b,for basic. -d is now used for the extended disk option,showing cdrom/dvd information as well.

• Output Control Options:
  • -A Show Audio/sound card information.
  • -b Shows basic (b for basic – version 1.7.5 or later. Earlier versions used: -d) output,short form. Similar to inxi -v 2. Shows -S -M -C -G -N -D and -R (short forms),and -I. -R does not show if no raid devices found.
  • -c Available color schemes. Scheme number is required. Color selectors run a color selector option prior to inxi starting which lets you set the config file value for the selection.
    • Supported color schemes: 0-32 Example: inxi -c 11
    • Supported color selectors. NOTE: irc and global only show safe color set. (version 1.5.x or later only)
      • 94 – Console,out of X
      • 95 – Terminal,running in X – like xTerm
      • 96 – Gui IRC,running in X – like Xchat,Quassel,Konversation etc.
      • 97 – Console IRC running in X – like irssi in xTerm
      • 98 – Console IRC not in X
      • 99 – Global – Overrides/removes all settings. Setting specific removes global.
  • -C Show full CPU output,including per CPU clockspeed.
  • -D Show full hard Disk info,not only model,ie: /dev/sda ST380817AS 80.0GB.
  • -f Show all cpu flags used,not just the short list. Not shown with -F to avoid spamming.
  • -F Show Fuller output for inxi,includes all upper case line arguments,plus -n and -s. Does not show extra verbose options like -d -f -u -l -p -t or -o unless you add them explicitly,for example: -Fplo
  • -G Show Graphic card information (card,x type,resolution,version). Also shows glx renderer,card pci busID with -x. Shows active/unloaded/failed driver versions (1.5.x or later)
  • -i Show Wan IP address,and shows local interfaces (requires ifconfig network tool). Same as -Nni
    • If you are going to use this for public posting of your data,consider running it with the -z option for filtering. IRC filters by default.
  • -I (upper case i) Show Information: processes,uptime,memory,irc client,inxi version.
  • -l (lower case l,el) Show partition labels. Default: short partition -P. For full -p output,use: -pl (or -plu).
  • -M Show machine data. Motherboard,Bios,and if present,System Builder (Like Lenovo) (version 1.6.x and later).

Older systems/kernels without the required /sys data can use dmidecode instead,run as root.

• -n Show Advanced Network card information. Same as -Nn. Shows interface,speed,mac id,state (version 1.5.x and later).
• -N Show Network card information. Shows card and driver. Includes support for USB networking devices. Also shows busID/USB-ID,ports,driver version with -x
• -o Show unmounted partition information (includes UUID and LABEL if available).
  • Shows file system type if you have file installed,if you are root OR if you have added to /etc/sudoers (sudo v. 1.7 or newer):
    • < username > ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/file (sample)
• -p Show full partition information (-P plus all other detected partitions).
• -P Show Partition information (shows what -v 4 would show,but without extra data).
  • Shows,if detected: / /boot /home /tmp /usr /var. Use -p to see all mounted partitions.
• -r Show distro repository data. Currently supported repo types:
  • APT (Debian,Ubuntu + derived versions)
  • PACMAN (Arch Linux + derived versions)
  • PISI (Pardus + derived versions)
  • YUM. (Fedora,Redhat,maybe Suse + derived versions)
  • (as distro data is collected more will be added. If your’s is missing please show us how to get this information and we’ll try to add it.)
• -R Show RAID data. Shows RAID devices,states,levels,and components,and extra data with -x/-xx. If device is resyncing,shows resync progress line as well.
• -s Show sensors output (if sensors installed/configured): mobo/cpu/gpu temp; detected fan speeds.
  • Gpu temp only for Fglrx/Nvidia drivers. Nvidia shows screen number for > 1 screens
• -S Show System information: host name,kernel,desktop,desktop version (plus toolkit if -x used),distro (desktop features,version 1.5.x or later)
• -t Show processes. Requires extra options: c (cpu) m (memory) cm (cpu+memory).
  • If followed by numbers 1-20,shows that number of top process for each selection (default: 5):
  • Examples:
    • -t cm10 (shows top 10 cpu and memory processes,20 in all)
    • -t c (shows top 5 cpu processes)
    • -t m20 (shows top 20 memory processes)
    • -t cm (shows top 5 cpu and memory processes,10 in all)
  • Make sure to have no space between letters and numbers (cm10 -right,cm 10 – wrong).
• -u Show partition UUIDs. Default: short partition -P. For full -p output,use: -pu (or -plu).
• -v Script verbosity levels. Verbosity level number is required. Note: do not mix -v options with -b or -F,use one or the other.
  • Supported levels: 0-7 Example: inxi -v 4
    • 0 – short output,same as: inxi
    • 1 – Basic verbose. Roughly the same as the old -d,
    • 2 – Adds networking card (-N),Machine (-M) data,and shows basic hard disk data (names only),and basic raid (devices only,and if inactive,notes that). Similar to inxi -b
    • 3 – Adds advanced CPU (-C),network (-n) data,and switches on -x advanced data option.
    • 4 – Adds partition size/filled data (-P) for (if present):/,/home,/var/,/boot. Shows full disk data (-D)
    • 5 – Adds audio card (-A); sensors (-s),partition label (-l) and UUID (-u),short form of optical drives,and standard raid data (-R).
    • 6 – Adds full partition data (-p),unmounted partition data (-o),-d full disk data,including CD/DVD information.
    • 7 – Adds network IP data (-i); triggers -xx.
• -x Show extra data:
  • -C – Bogomips on Cpu
  • -d – Shows more information if present on cd/dvd devices.
    • -D – Shows hdd temp with disk data if you have hddtemp installed,if you are root OR if you have added to /etc/sudoers (sudo v. 1.7 or newer):
      • < username > ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/hddtemp (sample)
  • -G – Direct rendering status for Graphics (in X). Only works with verbose or line output;
  • -G – Shows (for single gpu,nvidia driver) screen number gpu is running on.
  • -i – Show IPv6 as well for LAN interface (IF) devices.
  • -I – Show system GCC,default. With -xx,also show other installed GCC versions.
  • -N,-A – driver version (if available) for Network/Audio;
  • -N,-A – Shows port for card/device,if available.
  • -N -A -G – Shows pci Bus ID / Usb ID for Audio,Network,Graphics
  • -R – Shows component raid id. Adds second RAID Info line: raid level; report on drives (like 5/5); blocks; chunk size; bitmap (if present). Resync line,shows blocks synced/total blocks.
  • -S – Shows toolkit (QT or GTK) if GNOME,KDE,or XFCE. Shows kernel gcc version.
  • -t – Adds memory use output to cpu (-xt c,and cpu use to memory (-xt m).
• -xx Show extra,extra data (only works with verbose or line output,not short form). You can also trigger it with -Fx (but not -xF) (Version 1.6.x and later)
  • -D – Adds disk serial number.
  • -I – Adds other detected installed gcc versions to primary gcc output (if present).
  • -M – Adds chassis information,if any data for that is available.
  • -N -A -G – Shows vendor:product ID for Audio,Graphics
  • -R – Adds superblock (if present); algorythm,U data. Adds system info line (kernel support,read ahead,raid events). Adds if present,unused device line. Resync line,shows progress bar.
  • -xx -@ [11-14] – Automatically uploads debugger data tar.gz file to ftp.techpatterns.com.
• -z Adds security filters for IP addresses,Mac,and user home directory name. Default on for irc clients.
• -Z Absolute override for output filters. Useful for debugging networking issues in irc for example.

• Additional Options:
  • -h,–help This help menu.
  • -H – This help menu,plus developer options. Do not use dev options in normal operation!
  • –recommends Checks inxi application dependencies + recommends,and directories,then shows what package(s) you need to install to add support for that feature (version 1.6.6 and later).
  • -U Auto-update script. Note: if you installed as root,you must be root to update,otherwise user is fine.
  • -V,–version inxi version information. Prints information then exits.
  • -% Overrides defective or corrupted data.
  • -@ Triggers debugger output. Requires debugging level 1-13 (8-10 – logging). Less than 8 just triggers inxi debugger output on screen.
    • 1-7 – On screen debugger output
    • 8 – Basic logging
    • 9 – Full file/sys info logging
    • 10 – Color logging.
    • The following create a tar.gz file of system data,plus collecting the inxi output to file. To automatically upload debugger data tar.gz file to ftp.techpatterns.com: inxi -xx@ [11-14] For alternate ftp upload locations: Example: inxi -! ftp.yourserver.com/incoming -xx@ 14
      • 11 – With data file of xiin read of /sys.
      • 12 – With xorg conf and log data,xrandr,xprop,xdpyinfo,glxinfo etc.
      • 13 – With data from dev,disks,partitions etc.
      • 14 – Everything,all the data available.

（编辑：李大同）

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