[UWP]占领标题栏
原文:
[UWP]占领标题栏
1. 前言#每一个有理想的UWP应用都会打标题栏的主意,尤其当微软提供 将 Acrylic 扩展到标题栏 这个功能后,大部分Windows 10的原生应用都不乖了,纷纷占领了标题栏的一亩三分地。这篇博客将介绍在UWP中如何自定义标题栏。 2.示例代码#UWP的限制很多,标题栏的自定义几乎全部内容集中在 这篇文档 里面。但只参考这篇文章做起来还不够顺手,我参考了微软开源的计算器应用中的 TitleBar 写了一个示例应用,可以在 这里 查看它的源码。我也把TitleBar实际应用到了我的 OnePomodoro 应用里面了。 3. 简单的颜色自定义#如果只想简单地自定义标题栏的颜色可以通过ApplicationViewTitleBar,ApplicationViewTitleBar表示应用程序的标题栏,它提供了一些颜色属性用于控制标题栏的颜色,示例代码如下:
// using Windows.UI.ViewManagement;
var titleBar = ApplicationView.GetForCurrentView().TitleBar;
// Set active window colors
titleBar.ForegroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.White;
titleBar.BackgroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.Green;
titleBar.ButtonForegroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.White;
titleBar.ButtonBackgroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.SeaGreen;
titleBar.ButtonHoverForegroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.White;
titleBar.ButtonHoverBackgroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.DarkSeaGreen;
titleBar.ButtonPressedForegroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.Gray;
titleBar.ButtonPressedBackgroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.LightGreen;
// Set inactive window colors
titleBar.InactiveForegroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.Gray;
titleBar.InactiveBackgroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.SeaGreen;
titleBar.ButtonInactiveForegroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.Gray;
titleBar.ButtonInactiveBackgroundColor = Windows.UI.Colors.SeaGreen;
有几点需要注意:
4. 将内容扩展到标题栏#若要隐藏默认标题栏并将你的内容扩展到标题栏区域中,请将 CoreApplicationViewTitleBar.ExtendViewIntoTitleBar 属性设置为 true。CoreApplicationViewTitleBar允许应用定义在应用窗口中显示的自定义标题栏。示例代码如下:
// using Windows.ApplicationModel.Core;
// Hide default title bar.
var coreTitleBar = CoreApplication.GetCurrentView().TitleBar;
coreTitleBar.ExtendViewIntoTitleBar = true;
5. 将内容扩展到标题栏时自定义标题按钮颜色#将内容扩展到标题栏,标题按钮的颜色就变复杂了。因为应用内容的颜色可能和按钮的颜色冲突。这种情况下有几种方案,其中最简单的一种方案是写死为一个不会冲突的颜色,但切换主题时可能会让这些颜色出问题。计算器应用中订阅UISettings的ColorValuesChanged事件,动态地根据ThemeResources的值改变标题栏颜色,并且更进一步地考虑到使用高对比度主题的情况,所以订阅了AccessibilitySettings的HighContrastChanged事件:
if (_accessibilitySettings.HighContrast)
{
// Reset to use default colors.
applicationTitleBar.ButtonBackgroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonForegroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonInactiveBackgroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonInactiveForegroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonHoverBackgroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonHoverForegroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonPressedBackgroundColor = null;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonPressedForegroundColor = null;
}
else
{
Color bgColor = Colors.Transparent;
Color fgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["SystemControlPageTextBaseHighBrush"]).Color;
Color inactivefgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["SystemControlForegroundChromeDisabledLowBrush"]).Color;
Color hoverbgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["SystemControlBackgroundListLowBrush"]).Color;
Color hoverfgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush"]).Color;
Color pressedbgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["SystemControlBackgroundListMediumBrush"]).Color;
Color pressedfgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Application.Current.Resources["SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush"]).Color;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonBackgroundColor = bgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonForegroundColor = fgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonInactiveBackgroundColor = bgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonInactiveForegroundColor = inactivefgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonHoverBackgroundColor = hoverbgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonHoverForegroundColor = hoverfgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonPressedBackgroundColor = pressedbgColor;
applicationTitleBar.ButtonPressedForegroundColor = pressedfgColor;
}
这段代码中,当使用高对比度主题时将标题栏的按钮颜色还原成默认值,否则设置成ThemeResource中对应的颜色,运行效果如下: 但现在的UWP应用常常在Dark和Light主题之间反复横跳,而Application.Current.Resources只能拿到程序加载时的ThemeResource的值,所以这段代码在应用内的主题切换后无效。我暂时不清楚怎么在代码里拿到最新的ThemeResource,为解决这个问题只好让TitleBar自己在XAML中获取当前的ThemeResource,代码如下:
<UserControl.Resources>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ButtonForegroundColor" Color="{ThemeResource SystemBaseHighColor}" />
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ButtonInactiveForegroundBrush" Color="{ThemeResource SystemChromeDisabledLowColor}" />
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ButtonHoverBackgroundBrush" Color="{ThemeResource SystemListLowColor}" />
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ButtonHoverForegroundBrush" Color="{ThemeResource SystemBaseHighColor}" />
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ButtonPressedBackgroundBrush" Color="{ThemeResource SystemListMediumColor}" />
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="ButtonPressedForegroundBrush" Color="{ThemeResource SystemBaseHighColor}" />
</UserControl.Resources>
"ButtonForegroundColor"]).Color;
Color inactivefgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Resources["ButtonInactiveForegroundBrush"]).Color;
Color hoverbgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Resources["ButtonHoverBackgroundBrush"]).Color;
Color hoverfgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Resources["ButtonHoverForegroundBrush"]).Color;
Color pressedbgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Resources["ButtonPressedBackgroundBrush"]).Color;
Color pressedfgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Resources["ButtonPressedForegroundBrush"]).Color;
Color fgColor = ((SolidColorBrush)Resources[6. 可拖动区域#都将内容扩展到标题栏了,肯定是想在标题栏上放置自己需要的UI元素,默认情况下标题栏的范围为拖动、点击等Windows的窗体行为保留,在这个范围的自定义UI内容没办法获取鼠标点击。 为了让自定义的UI内容获取鼠标,可以用Window.SetTitleBar方法指定某一元素能用于窗体的拖动和点击。
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Height="32" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch">
<Grid x:Name="BackgroundElement" Height="32" Background="Transparent" />
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<StackPanel x:Name="ItemsPanel" Orientation="Horizontal">
</StackPanel>
<TextBlock x:Name="AppName" x:Uid="AppName" Text="ExtendViewIntoTitleBarDemo" </StackPanel>
</Grid>
Window.Current.SetTitleBar(BackgroundElement); 上面的代码指定TitlaBar中的 7. 标题的系统保留区域#标题栏的右边有188像素的系统保留区域,用于系统标题按钮(“后退”、“最小化”、“最大化”、“关闭”)。其实这几个按钮也就占用了141像素的控件,还有一小块空间是默认的可拖动区域,这小块空间确保了无论怎么设置都总有一个用户可拖动的区域。 上面说的188像素是100%缩放的情况,通过上面的截图可以看到实际上可能不一样,通常来说会在窗体加载时,或者订阅CoreApplicationViewTitleBar.LayoutMetricsChanged事件,然后通过
private void OnLayoutMetricsChanged(CoreApplicationViewTitleBar sender,object args) {
LayoutRoot.Height = _coreTitleBar.Height;
SetTitleBarPadding();
}
private void SetTitleBarPadding() {
double leftAddition = 0;
double rightAddition = 0;
if (FlowDirection == FlowDirection.LeftToRight)
{
leftAddition = _coreTitleBar.SystemOverlayLeftInset;
rightAddition = _coreTitleBar.SystemOverlayRightInset;
}
else
{
leftAddition = _coreTitleBar.SystemOverlayRightInset;
rightAddition = _coreTitleBar.SystemOverlayLeftInset;
}
LayoutRoot.Padding = new Thickness(leftAddition,0,rightAddition,0);
}
_coreTitleBar.LayoutMetricsChanged += OnLayoutMetricsChanged;
8. 可交互区域的内容#上面的
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
<StackPanel x:Name="ItemsPanel" Orientation="Horizontal">
<StackPanel.Resources>
<Style TargetType="Button" BasedOn="{StaticResource NavigationBackButtonNormalStyle}"> <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource TitleBarForeground}" /> <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="10" /> <Setter Property="Width" Value="46" /> <Setter Property="Height" Value="32" /> <Setter Property="IsTabStop" Value="False" /> </Style>
</StackPanel.Resources>
</StackPanel>
<TextBlock x:Name="AppName" x:Uid="AppName" Text="ExtendViewIntoTitleBarDemo" Margin="12,12,0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center" Foreground="{ThemeResource SystemControlPageTextBaseHighBrush}" FontSize="12" IsHitTestVisible="False" TextAlignment="Left" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis" />
</StackPanel>
其中
public ObservableCollection<Button> Buttons { get; } = new ObservableCollection<Button>();
private void OnButtonsCollectionChanged(object sender,System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) {
ItemsPanel.Children.Clear();
foreach (var button in Buttons)
{
ItemsPanel.Children.Add(button);
}
}
<local:TitleBar>
<local:TitleBar.Buttons>
<Button x:Name="OptionsButton" Content="" ToolTipService.ToolTip="Options" />
<Button Content="" ToolTipService.ToolTip="Options" />
<Button Content="" ToolTipService.ToolTip="Options" />
<Button Content="" ToolTipService.ToolTip="Options" />
</local:TitleBar.Buttons>
</local:TitleBar>
按钮的样式来自 9. 非激活状态的标题栏颜色#当窗体处于非激活状态应该让按钮和标题都变灰,可以订阅
private void OnWindowActivated(Object sender,WindowActivatedEventArgs e) {
VisualStateManager.GoToState(
this,e.WindowActivationState == CoreWindowActivationState.Deactivated ? WindowNotFocused.Name : WindowFocused.Name,false);
}
Window.Current.Activated += OnWindowActivated;
<UserControl.Resources>
<SolidColorBrush x:Key="TitleBarForeground" x:Name="TitleBarForeground" Color="{ThemeResource SystemBaseHighColor}" />
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Height="32" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch">
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="WindowFocusStates">
<VisualState x:Name="WindowFocused" />
<VisualState x:Name="WindowNotFocused">
<VisualState.Setters>
<Setter Target="AppName.Foreground" Value="{ThemeResource SystemControlForegroundChromeDisabledLowBrush}" />
<Setter Target="TitleBarForeground.Color" Value="{ThemeResource SystemChromeDisabledLowColor}" />
</VisualState.Setters>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
10. 全屏和平板模式#当应用在全屏或平板模式下运行时,系统将隐藏标题栏和标题控制按钮。 但是,用户可以调用标题栏,以使其以覆盖形式显示在应用的 UI 顶部。 你可以处理隐藏或调用标题栏时将通知的 CoreApplicationViewTitleBar.IsVisibleChanged 事件,并根据需要显示或隐藏你的自定义标题栏内容。 LayoutRoot.Visibility = _coreTitleBar.IsVisible ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed; 这部分比较难截图就不搞了,想看效果可以试玩我的番茄钟应用。 11.结语#就这样,令人头痛的自定义标题栏处理完了。还好微软开源了它的计算器里正好有我需要的代码,抄了个爽。有一些处理得不好,如果错误请指正。 12.参考#标题栏自定义 calculator_TitleBar.xaml.cpp at master ApplicationViewTitleBar Class (Windows.UI.ViewManagement) - Windows UWP applications Microsoft Docs CoreApplicationViewTitleBar Class (Windows.ApplicationModel.Core) - Windows UWP applications Microsoft Docs 13. 源码#DinoChan_ExtendViewIntoTitleBarDemo How to handle titlebar when ExtendViewIntoTitleBar OnePomodoro_TitleBar.xaml at master (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |