如何在没有pywin32的情况下使用python确定Windows上的文件所有者

下面使用ctypes调用 GetNamedSecurityInfo.最初它跟随问题中链接的 code snippet,但GetNamedSecurityInfo一般比GetFileSecurity更有用,特别是因为它与SetNamedSecurityInfo配对而不是过时的函数SetFileSecurity.

ctypes和类

import ctypes as ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes as wintypes

kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL('kernel32',use_last_error=True)
advapi32 = ctypes.WinDLL('advapi32',use_last_error=True)

ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION  = 0x0001
ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND    = 0x0002
ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND    = 0x0003
ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED     = 0x0005
ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION = 0x0020

SE_FILE_OBJECT = 1
OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION = 0x00000001
GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION = 0x00000002
DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION  = 0x00000004
SACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION  = 0x00000008
LABEL_SECURITY_INFORMATION = 0x00000010

_DEFAULT_SECURITY_INFORMATION = (OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
    GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION | DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION |
    LABEL_SECURITY_INFORMATION)

LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
SE_OBJECT_TYPE = wintypes.DWORD
SECURITY_INFORMATION = wintypes.DWORD

class SID_NAME_USE(wintypes.DWORD):
    _sid_types = dict(enumerate('''
        User Group Domain Alias WellKnownGroup DeletedAccount
        Invalid Unknown Computer Label'''.split(),1))

    def __init__(self,value=None):
        if value is not None:
            if value not in self.sid_types:
                raise ValueError('invalid SID type')
            wintypes.DWORD.__init__(value)

    def __str__(self):
        if self.value not in self._sid_types:
            raise ValueError('invalid SID type')
        return self._sid_types[self.value]

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'SID_NAME_USE(%s)' % self.value

PSID_NAME_USE = ctypes.POINTER(SID_NAME_USE)

class PLOCAL(wintypes.LPVOID):
    _needs_free = False
    def __init__(self,value=None,needs_free=False):
        super(PLOCAL,self).__init__(value)
        self._needs_free = needs_free

    def __del__(self):
        if self and self._needs_free:
            kernel32.LocalFree(self)
            self._needs_free = False

PACL = PLOCAL

class PSID(PLOCAL):
    def __init__(self,needs_free=False):
        super(PSID,self).__init__(value,needs_free)

    def __str__(self):
        if not self:
            raise ValueError('NULL pointer access')
        sid = wintypes.LPWSTR()
        advapi32.ConvertSidToStringSidW(self,ctypes.byref(sid))
        try:
            return sid.value
        finally:
            if sid:
                kernel32.LocalFree(sid)

class PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR(PLOCAL):
    def __init__(self,needs_free=False):
        super(PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR,needs_free)
        self.pOwner = PSID()
        self.pGroup = PSID()
        self.pDacl = PACL()
        self.pSacl = PACL()
        # back references to keep this object alive
        self.pOwner._SD = self
        self.pGroup._SD = self
        self.pDacl._SD = self
        self.pSacl._SD = self

    def get_owner(self,system_name=None):
        if not self or not self.pOwner:
            raise ValueError('NULL pointer access')
        return look_up_account_sid(self.pOwner,system_name)

    def get_group(self,system_name=None):
        if not self or not self.pGroup:
            raise ValueError('NULL pointer access')
        return look_up_account_sid(self.pGroup,system_name)

def _check_bool(result,func,args):
    if not result:
        raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
    return args

# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa376399
advapi32.ConvertSidToStringSidW.errcheck = _check_bool
advapi32.ConvertSidToStringSidW.argtypes = (
    PSID,# _In_   Sid
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)) # _Out_ StringSid

# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379166
advapi32.LookupAccountSidW.errcheck = _check_bool
advapi32.LookupAccountSidW.argtypes = (
    wintypes.LPCWSTR,# _In_opt_  lpSystemName
    PSID,# _In_      lpSid
    wintypes.LPCWSTR,# _Out_opt_ lpName
    LPDWORD,# _Inout_   cchName
    wintypes.LPCWSTR,# _Out_opt_ lpReferencedDomainName
    LPDWORD,# _Inout_   cchReferencedDomainName
    PSID_NAME_USE)    # _Out_     peUse

# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa446645
advapi32.GetNamedSecurityInfoW.restype = wintypes.DWORD
advapi32.GetNamedSecurityInfoW.argtypes = (
    wintypes.LPWSTR,# _In_      pObjectName
    SE_OBJECT_TYPE,# _In_      ObjectType
    SECURITY_INFORMATION,# _In_      SecurityInfo
    ctypes.POINTER(PSID),# _Out_opt_ ppsidOwner
    ctypes.POINTER(PSID),# _Out_opt_ ppsidGroup
    ctypes.POINTER(PACL),# _Out_opt_ ppDacl
    ctypes.POINTER(PACL),# _Out_opt_ ppSacl
    ctypes.POINTER(PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)) # _Out_opt_ ppSecurityDescriptor

功能

def look_up_account_sid(sid,system_name=None):
    SIZE = 256
    name = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(SIZE)
    domain = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(SIZE)
    cch_name = wintypes.DWORD(SIZE)
    cch_domain = wintypes.DWORD(SIZE)
    sid_type = SID_NAME_USE()
    advapi32.LookupAccountSidW(system_name,sid,name,ctypes.byref(cch_name),domain,ctypes.byref(cch_domain),ctypes.byref(sid_type))
    return name.value,domain.value,sid_type

def get_file_security(filename,request=_DEFAULT_SECURITY_INFORMATION):
    # N.B. This query may fail with ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION
    # for some filesystems.
    pSD = PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR(needs_free=True)
    error = advapi32.GetNamedSecurityInfoW(filename,SE_FILE_OBJECT,request,ctypes.byref(pSD.pOwner),ctypes.byref(pSD.pGroup),ctypes.byref(pSD.pDacl),ctypes.byref(pSD.pSacl),ctypes.byref(pSD))
    if error != 0:
        raise ctypes.WinError(error)
    return pSD

示例用法

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import os,sys

    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        script_name = os.path.basename(__file__)
        sys.exit('usage: {} filename'.format(script_name))

    filename = sys.argv[1]
    if isinstance(filename,bytes):
        if hasattr(os,'fsdecode'):
            filename = os.fsdecode(filename)
        else:
            filename = filename.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())

    pSD = get_file_security(filename)
    owner_name,owner_domain,owner_sid_type = pSD.get_owner()
    if owner_domain:
        owner_name = '{}{}'.format(owner_domain,owner_name)

    print("Path : {}".format(filename))
    print("Owner: {} ({})".format(owner_name,owner_sid_type))
    print("SID  : {}".format(pSD.pOwner))

示例输出

Path : C:Users
Owner: NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM (WellKnownGroup)
SID  : S-1-5-18

Path : C:ProgramData
Owner: NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM (WellKnownGroup)
SID  : S-1-5-18

Path : C:Program Files
Owner: NT SERVICETrustedInstaller (WellKnownGroup)
SID  : S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464

Path : C:Windows
Owner: NT SERVICETrustedInstaller (WellKnownGroup)
SID  : S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464