windows – WinExec返回0x21,但究竟是什么意思?
当调用WinExec运行.exe时,我得到返回值0x21.
根据MSDN,返回值大于31(0x1F)表示函数成功. 但它是什么意思的0x21,为什么它没有给我返回其他价值? 解决方法
你知道它意味着什么是没用的.这是一个实现细节.即使您知道这个版本的含义,下一版本的含义也许会有所改变.作为程序员,您只关心对接口的编程,而不是底层实现.
但是,如果您真的感兴趣,我将带您了解我将采取的方法来对该功能进行反向工程.在我的系统上,WinExec被反汇编为: 764F2C21 > 8BFF MOV EDI,EDI 764F2C23 55 PUSH EBP 764F2C24 8BEC MOV EBP,ESP 764F2C26 81EC 80000000 SUB ESP,80 764F2C2C 53 PUSH EBX 764F2C2D 8B5D 0C MOV EBX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+C] 764F2C30 56 PUSH ESI 764F2C31 57 PUSH EDI 764F2C32 33FF XOR EDI,EDI 764F2C34 47 INC EDI 764F2C35 33F6 XOR ESI,ESI 764F2C37 85DB TEST EBX,EBX 764F2C39 79 4F JNS SHORT kernel32.764F2C8A 764F2C3B 8D45 FC LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-4] 764F2C3E 50 PUSH EAX 764F2C3F 56 PUSH ESI 764F2C40 57 PUSH EDI 764F2C41 8D45 C8 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-38] 764F2C44 50 PUSH EAX 764F2C45 C745 FC 20000000 MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-4],20 764F2C4C E8 90BE0200 CALL <JMP.&API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThread> 764F2C51 85C0 TEST EAX,EAX 764F2C53 0F84 D2000000 JE kernel32.764F2D2B 764F2C59 56 PUSH ESI 764F2C5A 56 PUSH ESI 764F2C5B 6A 04 PUSH 4 764F2C5D 8D45 F8 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-8] 764F2C60 50 PUSH EAX 764F2C61 68 01000600 PUSH 60001 764F2C66 56 PUSH ESI 764F2C67 8D45 C8 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-38] 764F2C6A 50 PUSH EAX 764F2C6B C745 0C 00000800 MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+C],80000 764F2C72 897D F8 MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-8],EDI 764F2C75 E8 5CBE0200 CALL <JMP.&API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThread> 764F2C7A 85C0 TEST EAX,EAX 764F2C7C 0F84 95000000 JE kernel32.764F2D17 764F2C82 8D45 C8 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-38] 764F2C85 8945 C4 MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-3C],EAX 764F2C88 EB 03 JMP SHORT kernel32.764F2C8D 764F2C8A 8975 0C MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+C],ESI 764F2C8D 6A 44 PUSH 44 764F2C8F 8D45 80 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-80] 764F2C92 56 PUSH ESI 764F2C93 50 PUSH EAX 764F2C94 E8 B5E9F7FF CALL <JMP.&ntdll.memset> 764F2C99 83C4 0C ADD ESP,0C 764F2C9C 33C0 XOR EAX,EAX 764F2C9E 3975 0C CMP DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+C],ESI 764F2CA1 897D AC MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-54],EDI 764F2CA4 0F95C0 SETNE AL 764F2CA7 66:895D B0 MOV WORD PTR SS:[EBP-50],BX 764F2CAB 8D0485 44000000 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR DS:[EAX*4+44] 764F2CB2 8945 80 MOV DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-80],EAX 764F2CB5 8D45 E8 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-18] 764F2CB8 50 PUSH EAX 764F2CB9 8D45 80 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-80] 764F2CBC 50 PUSH EAX 764F2CBD 56 PUSH ESI 764F2CBE 56 PUSH ESI 764F2CBF FF75 0C PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+C] 764F2CC2 56 PUSH ESI 764F2CC3 56 PUSH ESI 764F2CC4 56 PUSH ESI 764F2CC5 FF75 08 PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+8] 764F2CC8 56 PUSH ESI 764F2CC9 E8 A4E3F7FF CALL kernel32.CreateProcessA 764F2CCE 85C0 TEST EAX,EAX 764F2CD0 74 27 JE SHORT kernel32.764F2CF9 764F2CD2 A1 3C005476 MOV EAX,DWORD PTR DS:[7654003C] 764F2CD7 3BC6 CMP EAX,ESI 764F2CD9 74 0A JE SHORT kernel32.764F2CE5 764F2CDB 68 30750000 PUSH 7530 764F2CE0 FF75 E8 PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-18] 764F2CE3 FFD0 CALL EAX 764F2CE5 FF75 E8 PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-18] 764F2CE8 8B35 A0054776 MOV ESI,DWORD PTR DS:[<&ntdll.NtClose>] ; ntdll.ZwClose 764F2CEE FFD6 CALL ESI 764F2CF0 FF75 EC PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-14] 764F2CF3 FFD6 CALL ESI 764F2CF5 6A 21 PUSH 21 764F2CF7 EB 1D JMP SHORT kernel32.764F2D16 764F2CF9 E8 C9E4F7FF CALL <JMP.&API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling> 764F2CFE 48 DEC EAX 764F2CFF 48 DEC EAX 764F2D00 74 12 JE SHORT kernel32.764F2D14 764F2D02 48 DEC EAX 764F2D03 74 0B JE SHORT kernel32.764F2D10 764F2D05 2D BE000000 SUB EAX,0BE 764F2D0A 75 0B JNZ SHORT kernel32.764F2D17 764F2D0C 6A 0B PUSH 0B 764F2D0E EB 06 JMP SHORT kernel32.764F2D16 764F2D10 6A 03 PUSH 3 764F2D12 EB 02 JMP SHORT kernel32.764F2D16 764F2D14 6A 02 PUSH 2 764F2D16 5E POP ESI 764F2D17 F745 0C 00000800 TEST DWORD PTR SS:[EBP+C],80000 764F2D1E 74 09 JE SHORT kernel32.764F2D29 764F2D20 8D45 C8 LEA EAX,DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-38] 764F2D23 50 PUSH EAX 764F2D24 E8 A2BD0200 CALL <JMP.&API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThread> 764F2D29 8BC6 MOV EAX,ESI 764F2D2B 5F POP EDI 764F2D2C 5E POP ESI 764F2D2D 5B POP EBX 764F2D2E C9 LEAVE 764F2D2F C2 0800 RETN 8 在Win32下使用的调用约定是stdcall,它要求返回值保存在EAX中.在WinExec的情况下,函数只有一个出口(0x764F2D2F).从那里追溯,EAX设置为(至少当返回为0x21时): 764F2D29 8BC6 MOV EAX,ESI 进一步追溯,ESI本身是从POP ESI设置的,它从堆栈顶部流入ESI.这个值取决于先前在堆栈上推送的内容.在0x21的情况下,这发生在: 764F2CF5 6A 21 PUSH 21 之后,立即向POP ESI提供JMP.我们如何进入PUSH 21仅在CreateProcess调用之后才有意义. 764F2CC9 E8 A4E3F7FF CALL kernel32.CreateProcessA 764F2CCE 85C0 TEST EAX,EAX 764F2CD0 74 27 JE SHORT kernel32.764F2CF9 764F2CD2 A1 3C005476 MOV EAX,DWORD PTR DS:[7654003C] 764F2CD7 3BC6 CMP EAX,ESI 764F2CD9 74 0A JE SHORT kernel32.764F2CE5 764F2CDB 68 30750000 PUSH 7530 764F2CE0 FF75 E8 PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-18] 764F2CE3 FFD0 CALL EAX 764F2CE5 FF75 E8 PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-18] 764F2CE8 8B35 A0054776 MOV ESI,DWORD PTR DS:[<&ntdll.NtClose>] ; ntdll.ZwClose 764F2CEE FFD6 CALL ESI 764F2CF0 FF75 EC PUSH DWORD PTR SS:[EBP-14] 764F2CF3 FFD6 CALL ESI 764F2CF5 6A 21 PUSH 21 要了解路径如何将您带到PUSH 21,请观察不同的分支.第一个发生在: 764F2CD0 74 27 JE SHORT kernel32.764F2CF9 这就是说如果CreateProcess返回0,则调用Win-Core-ErrorHandling.然后以不同的方式设置返回值(如果CreateProcess失败,则0x2,0x3和0xB都是可能的返回值). 逆向工程的下一个分支不太明显: 764F2CD9 74 0A JE SHORT kernel32.764F2CE5 它的作用是读取一个可能包含函数指针的内存地址(我们知道这是因为稍后调用了read的结果).这个JE只是表明是否要打这个电话.无论是否进行呼叫,下一步是调用ZwClose(两次).最后返回0x21. 因此,查看它的一种简单方法是,当CreateProcess成功时,返回0x21,否则返回0x2,0x3或0xB.这并不是说这些是唯一的返回值.例如,也可以从0x764F2C53处的分支返回0x0(在这种情况下,ESI根本不以相同的方式使用).还有一些可能的返回值,但我会留下那些让你自己看看. 我向您展示的是如何针对0x21返回对WinExec进行非常浅层的分析.如果你想了解更多,你需要更深入地探索并尝试从更高层次了解正在发生的事情.只需通过破坏函数并逐步执行它(通过这种方式可以观察数据值),您将能够找到更多信息. 另一种方法是查看Wine source,其中有人已经为你完成了所有艰苦的工作: UINT WINAPI WinExec( LPCSTR lpCmdLine,UINT nCmdShow ) { PROCESS_INFORMATION info; STARTUPINFOA startup; char *cmdline; UINT ret; memset( &startup,sizeof(startup) ); startup.cb = sizeof(startup); startup.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW; startup.wShowWindow = nCmdShow; /* cmdline needs to be writable for CreateProcess */ if (!(cmdline = HeapAlloc( GetProcessHeap(),strlen(lpCmdLine)+1 ))) return 0; strcpy( cmdline,lpCmdLine ); if (CreateProcessA( NULL,cmdline,NULL,FALSE,&startup,&info )) { /* Give 30 seconds to the app to come up */ if (wait_input_idle( info.hProcess,30000 ) == WAIT_FAILED) WARN("WaitForInputIdle failed: Error %dn",GetLastError() ); ret = 33; /* Close off the handles */ CloseHandle( info.hThread ); CloseHandle( info.hProcess ); } else if ((ret = GetLastError()) >= 32) { FIXME("Strange error set by CreateProcess: %dn",ret ); ret = 11; } HeapFree( GetProcessHeap(),cmdline ); return ret; } 33d是0x21所以这实际上只是证实了我们早期分析的成果. 关于返回0x21的原因,我的猜测是,可能存在更多的内部文档,这使得它在某些方面更有用. 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