Windows – 如何成功更改执行策略并启用Powershell脚本的执行

PS C:&; Get-ExecutionPolicy -List

        Scope    ExecutionPolicy
        -----    ---------------
MachinePolicy          Undefined
   UserPolicy          Undefined
      Process          Undefined
  CurrentUser          Undefined
 LocalMachine       RemoteSigned

PS C:&; Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted -Scope Process -Force
PS C:&; Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -Scope CurrentUser -Force
Set-ExecutionPolicy : Windows PowerShell updated your execution policy successfully,but the setting is overridden by a policy defined at a more specific scope. Due to the override,your shell will retain its current effective execution policy of Restricted. Type "Get-ExecutionPolicy -List" to view your execution policy settings. ...
PS C:&; Get-ExecutionPolicy -List

        Scope    ExecutionPolicy
        -----    ---------------
MachinePolicy          Undefined
   UserPolicy          Undefined
      Process Restricted
  CurrentUser Unrestricted
 LocalMachine       RemoteSigned

PS C:&; .test.ps1
.test.ps1 : File C:test.ps1 cannot be loaded because running scripts is disabled on this system. ...
PS C:&; Set-ExecutionPolicy Unestricted -Scope Process -Force
PS C:&; Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted -Scope CurrentUser -Force
Set-ExecutionPolicy : Windows PowerShell updated your execution policy successfully,your shell will retain its current effective execution policy of Restricted. Type "Get-ExecutionPolicy -List" to view your execution policy settings. ...
PS C:&; Get-ExecutionPolicy -List

        Scope    ExecutionPolicy
        -----    ---------------
MachinePolicy          Undefined
   UserPolicy          Undefined
      Process Unrestricted
  CurrentUser Restricted
 LocalMachine       RemoteSigned

PS C:&; .test.ps1
Hello World!

您可以看到,尽管发生了错误,但两个设置都已定义,但是更具体的范围(Process)中的设置仍然优先于预防或允许脚本执行.

由于默认范围是LocalMachine,所以可能由CurrentUser或Process范围中的设置引起错误.但是,更常见的原因是脚本执行是通过组策略(本地或域)配置的.

本地组策略可以由本地管理员通过gpedit.msc(本地组策略编辑器)进行修改,如this answer所述.

域组策略不能被本地设置/策略所取代,并且必须由域管理员通过域控制器上的gpmc.msc(组策略管理)进行更改.

对于本地和域策略,设置可以定义为计算机设置：

Computer Configuration
`-Administrative Templates
  `-Windows Components
    `-Windows PowerShell -> Turn on Script Execution

或作为用户设置：

User Configuration
`-Administrative Templates
  `-Windows Components
    `-Windows PowerShell -> Turn on Script Execution

前者适用于计算机对象,后者适用于用户对象.对于本地政策,用户和计算机策略之间没有显着差异,因为用户策略自动应用于计算机上的所有用户.

一个策略可以有三种状态之一(如果您将“3”设置计数为可分别启用的状态,则可以有五种状态)：

>未配置：策略不会控制PowerShell脚本执行.
> Enabled：允许PowerShell脚本执行.

>仅允许签名脚本：仅允许执行签名脚本(与Set-ExecutionPolicy AllSigned相同).
>允许本地脚本和远程签名脚本：允许从远程位置(与Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned相同)执行所有本地脚本(已签名或未签名)和已签名脚本.
>允许所有脚本：允许执行本地和远程脚本,而不管它们是否被签名(与Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted相同).

>禁用：禁止PowerShell脚本执行(与Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted相同).

通过Set-ExecutionPolicy进行的更改仅在本地和域策略设置为未配置(执行策略未定义在Scope MachinePolicy和UserPolicy)中生效.