Linux系统下安装配置 OpenLDAP + phpLDAPadmin

实验环境：

操作系统：Centos 7.4

服务器ip:192.168.3.41

运行用户：root

网络环境：Internet

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LDAP（轻量级目录访问协议）是一个能实现提供被称为目录服务的信息服务，也是一套用户认证体系系统；一般在大型企业、学校、政府单位使用的比较多，LDAP是由4部分组成，这4部分分别是slapd(独立LDAP守护进程)、slurpd(独立的LDAP更新复制守护进程)、LDAP协议库、工具软件和示例客户端(phpLDAPadmin)，目录服务是一种特殊的数据库系统，用来存储用户信息的数据库，读写速度非常快，扩展性非常强，可以实现与地方系统直接对接整合起来统一管理用户信息。

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LDAP说起来也不简单，但是ALDP在Linux应用范围是比较广泛的，如果想要深入的了解LDAP，建议去看下刘遄老师《Linux就该这么学》这本教程，里面解释的非常详细，也可以在百度输入此书名去官网看，想要在Linux部署还是推荐这本书去系统的学习，对初学者还是很有版本的，这篇文章搭建ldap+phpldapadmin也是在Linux环境下运行的，所以还是需要Linux基础才能看懂下面的配置步骤。

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1、安装OpenLDAP

[[email?protected] ~]# yum install openldap-servers openldap-clients -y

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[[email?protected] ~]# cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[[email?protected] ~]# ll /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 845 Aug? 1 10:04 /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG

[[email?protected] ~]# chown ldap. /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG ?????? //授权配置文件

[[email?protected] ~]# more /etc/passwd|grep ldap

ldap:x:55:55:OpenLDAP server:/var/lib/ldap:/sbin/nologin

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[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl start slapd.service???????? //启动slapd服务

[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl enable slapd.service??????? //设置开机自动启动slapd服务

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2、设置OpenLDAP管理员密码

[[email?protected] ~]# slappasswd

New password:?? //password

Re-enter new password:

{SSHA}d5pkA0TU6b+8/kEoMIxJ59QofCLV

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为“olcRootPW”指定上面生成的密码

[[email?protected] ~]# vim chrootpw.ldif

dn: olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRootPW

olcRootPW: {SSHA}d5pkA0TU6b+8/kEokgQeMIxJ59QofCLV

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chrootpw.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry "olcDatabase={0}config,cn=config"

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3、导入基本模式

[[email?protected] ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry "cn=cosine,cn=schema,cn=config"

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/nis.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry "cn=nis,cn=config"

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

adding new entry "cn=inetorgperson,cn=config"

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4、在LDAP DB上设置域名，生成目录管理器密码

[[email?protected] ~]# slappasswd

New password:

Re-enter new password:

{SSHA}Oq61fgUFW9+ItZboTaW1+VbLuAYst7zw

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注意：下面配置文件这里得注意每一个属性：?后必须有空格，但是值的后面不能有任何空格

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[[email?protected] ~]# vim chdomain.ldif

# replace to your own domain name for "dc=***,dc=***" section

# specify the password generated above for "olcRootPW" section

dn: olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcAccess

olcAccess: {0}to * by dn.base="gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=auth"

? read by dn.base="cn=Manager,dc=srv,dc=world" read by * none

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dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcSuffix

olcSuffix: dc=srv,dc=world

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dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

replace: olcRootDN

olcRootDN: cn=Manager,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRootPW

olcRootPW: {SSHA}Oq61fgUFW9+ItZboTaW1+VbLuAYst7zw

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dn: olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcAccess

olcAccess: {0}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange by

? dn="cn=Manager,dc=world" write by anonymous auth by self write by * none

olcAccess: {1}to dn.base="" by * read

olcAccess: {2}to * by dn="cn=Manager,dc=world" write by * read

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f chdomain.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}monitor,cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={2}hdb,cn=config"

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[[email?protected] ~]# vim basedomain.ldif

# replace to your own domain name for "dc=***,dc=***" section

dn: dc=srv,dc=world

objectClass: top

objectClass: dcObject

objectclass: organization

o: Server World

dc: Srv

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dn: cn=Manager,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalRole

cn: Manager

description: Directory Manager

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dn: ou=People,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalUnit

ou: People

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dn: ou=Group,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalUnit

ou: Group

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapadd -x -D "cn=Manager,dc=world" -W -f basedomain.ldif

Enter LDAP Password:??? //输入上面设置的目录管理器密码 password

adding new entry "dc=srv,dc=world"

adding new entry "cn=Manager,dc=world"

adding new entry "ou=People,dc=world"

adding new entry "ou=Group,dc=world"

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "cn=Manager,dc=world"

# extended LDIF

#

# LDAPv3

# base <cn=Manager,dc=world> with scope subtree

# filter: (objectclass=*)

# requesting: ALL

#

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# Manager,srv.world

dn: cn=Manager,dc=world

objectClass: organizationalRole

cn: Manager

description: Directory Manager

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# search result

search: 2

result: 0 Success

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# numResponses: 2

# numEntries: 1

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5、设置Firewalld，如果未启用防火墙关闭，忽略

[[email?protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=ldap --permanent

[[email?protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

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6、安装并配置Apache

[[email?protected] ~]# yum install httpd-devel.x86_64 httpd.x86_64 -y

[[email?protected] ~]# mv /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf.bak

[[email?protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

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# line 86: change to admin‘s email address

ServerAdmin [email?protected]

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# line 95: change to your server‘s name

ServerName www.srv.world:80

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# line 151: change

AllowOverride All

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# line 164: add file name that it can access only with directory‘s name

DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.php

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# add follows to the end? //在尾部新增

# server‘s response header

ServerTokens Prod

# keepalive is ON

KeepAlive On

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[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd.service

[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service

[[email?protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent ?? //防火墙排除httpd服务，如果没有启用防火墙，此步骤可以忽略。

success

[[email?protected] ~]# firewall-cmd --reload ?????? //重新加载firewall

success

[[email?protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html???? //测试apache服务

<html>

<body>

<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">

Test Page

</div>

</body>

</html>

测试：http://192.168.3.41/index.html

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7、安装PHP

[[email?protected] ~]# yum -y install php php-mbstring php-pear

[[email?protected] ~]# vim /etc/php.ini

#修改时区? 878行

?date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

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[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

[[email?protected] ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php

<html>

<body>

<div style="width: 100%; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">

<?php

?? print Date("Y/m/d");

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</div>

</body>

</html>

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php打印日期

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测试：http://192.168.3.41/index.php

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可以不安装phpLDAPadmin工具，直接下载Windows系统下的LdapAdmin应用程序

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8、安装phpLDAPadmin

[[email?protected] ~]# yum install phpldapadmin.noarch -y

[[email?protected] ~]# vim /etc/phpldapadmin/config.php

397? $servers->setValue(‘login‘,‘attr‘,‘dn‘);? #取消397行注释

398 //$servers->setValue(‘login‘,‘uid‘);? #注释398

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[[email?protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

#

#? Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers

#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

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<Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs>

? <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>

??? # Apache 2.4

???? #只允许本地请求访问

???? # Require local

???? #允许所有的请求访问

????? Require all granted

????? #允许IP段访问

????? #Require ip 10.0.0.0/24??????????

? </IfModule>

? <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>

??? # Apache 2.2

??? Order Deny,Allow

??? Deny from all

??? Allow from 127.0.0.1

??? Allow from ::1

? </IfModule>

</Directory>

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[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service

[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl status httpd.service

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测试：http://192.168.3.41/ldapadmin/

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如果是按照上面配置执行的操作，登录一直提示失败，需要执行

[[email?protected] ~]# setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_ldap on

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cn=Manager,dc=world

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9、基本操作和使用

9.1、添加组

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9.2、添加用户

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9.3、phpldapadmin的网站的apache配置文件

# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpldapadmin.conf

#

#? Web-based tool for managing LDAP servers

#

Alias /phpldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

Alias /ldapadmin /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs

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#注意：/usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs? 是phpldapadmin根目录

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<Directory /usr/share/phpldapadmin/htdocs>

? <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>

??? # Apache 2.4

???? #只允许本地请求访问

???? # Require local

???? #允许所有的请求访问

???? Require all granted

????? #允许IP段访问

????? #Require ip 192.168.3.0/24????????

? </IfModule>

? <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>

??? # Apache 2.2

??? Order Deny,Allow

??? Deny from all

??? Allow from 127.0.0.1

??? Allow from ::1

? </IfModule>

</Directory>

这里可以直接访问phpldapadmin后台，最好是通过apache做密码验证才能登录，这样比较安全。

参考文献：httpd配置认证才能访问网站（原创实践操作）.note

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10、禁止匿名用户登录

# vim /root/ldap_disable_bind_anon.ldif

angetype: modify

add: olcDisallows

olcDisallows: bind_anon

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dn: cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRequires

olcRequires: authc

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dn: olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config

changetype: modify

add: olcRequires

olcRequires: authc

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[[email?protected] ~]# ldapadd -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f ldap_disable_bind_anon.ldif

SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started

SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=auth

SASL SSF: 0

modifying entry "cn=config"

modifying entry "olcDatabase={-1}frontend,cn=config"

[[email?protected] ~]# systemctl restart slapd.service