磁盘分区20191017
发布时间：2020-12-14 00:28:09 所属栏目：Linux 来源：网络整理
导读：1、磁盘存储?? ????磁盘分区主流2种： ????MBR最大分区不超过2T，1块硬盘最多4个主分区，也可以3（主）+1（扩展下N个逻辑分区）；GPT支持128个分区，全是主分区； 2、创建磁盘： ????查看磁盘分区表信息 ????[[email?protected]? ~ ] #hexdump?-C?-n?512?/de
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1、磁盘存储??
????磁盘分区主流2种：
????MBR最大分区不超过2T，1块硬盘最多4个主分区，也可以3（主）+1（扩展下N个逻辑分区）；GPT支持128个分区，全是主分区；
2、创建磁盘：
????查看磁盘分区表信息
????[[email?protected]?~]#hexdump?-C?-n?512?/dev/sdb
????00000000??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??|................|
????*
????00000200
??1.1、MBR或GPT，命令：
????[[email?protected]?~]#?parted?/dev/sdb?mklabel?gpt?#命令命令最后选择分区类型GPT或msdos
????Information:?You?may?need?to?update?/etc/fstab.
????2、查询创建结果：
????[[email?protected]?~]#?fdisk?-l?/dev/sdb
????Disk?/dev/sdb:?10?GiB,?10737418240?bytes,?20971520?sectors
????Units:?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes
????Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
????I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
????Disklabel?type:?gpt
????Disk?identifier:?B49D2C14-D087-486B-8ABF-72D3809D82E3
????3、查看当前分区有哪些
????[[email?protected]?~]#?parted?/dev/sdb?print
????Model:?VMware,?VMware?Virtual?S?(scsi)
????Disk?/dev/sdb:?10.7GB
????Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512B/512B
????Partition?Table:?gpt
????Disk?Flags:?
????Number??Start??End??Size??File?system??Name??Flags
????4、分区：选择主分区，100M，起始1M，终止101M，primary表示主分区。
????[[email?protected]?~]#parted?/dev/sdb?mkpart?primary?1?101?
????[[email?protected]?~]#parted?/dev/sdb?print
????Model:?VMware,?VMware?Virtual?S?(scsi)
????Disk?/dev/sdb:?10.7GB
????Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512B/512B
????Partition?Table:?gpt
????Disk?Flags:?
????Number??Start???End????Size????File?system??Name?????Flags
????1??????1049kB??101MB??99.6MB???????????????primary
????5、查看硬盘分区情况：
????[[email?protected]?~]#lsblk
????NAME???MAJ:MIN?RM??SIZE?RO?TYPE?MOUNTPOINT
????sda??????8:0????0??200G??0?disk?
????├─sda1???8:1????0????1G??0?part?/boot
????├─sda2???8:2????0??100G??0?part?/
????├─sda3???8:3????0???50G??0?part?/data
????├─sda4???8:4????0????1K??0?part?
????└─sda5???8:5????0????4G??0?part?[SWAP]
????sdb??????8:16???0???10G??0?disk?
????└─sdb1???8:17???0???95M??0?part?
????sdc??????8:32???0????5G??0?disk?
????sr0?????11:0????1??6.7G??0?rom
????6、删除分区
????[[email?protected]?~]#parted?/dev/sdb?rm?1
????[[email?protected]?~]#lsblk
????NAME???MAJ:MIN?RM??SIZE?RO?TYPE?MOUNTPOINT
????sda??????8:0????0??200G??0?disk?
????├─sda1???8:1????0????1G??0?part?/boot
????├─sda2???8:2????0??100G??0?part?/
????├─sda3???8:3????0???50G??0?part?/data
????├─sda4???8:4????0????1K??0?part?
????└─sda5???8:5????0????4G??0?part?[SWAP]
????sdb??????8:16???0???10G??0?disk?
????└─sdb2???8:18???0???97M??0?part?
????sdc??????8:32???0????5G??0?disk?
????sr0?????11:0????1??6.7G??0?rom
????7、分区必须是连续的，无法跨越，如第一个分区是1-100M，第二个是101-202M，
????如果删除1-100M，，再重新建立分区，如1-300M，实际是100M
????8、删[[email?protected]?~]#dd?if=/dev/zero?of=/dev/sdb?bs=1?count=512
????[[email?protected]?~]#dd?if=/dev/zero?of=/dev/sdb?bs=1?count=512
????512+0?records?in
????512+0?records?out
????512?bytes?copied,?0.00275154?s,?186?kB/s
????[[email?protected]?~]#fdisk?-l?/dev/sdb
????Disk?/dev/sdb:?10?GiB,?20971520?sectors
????Units:?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes
????Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
????I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
??2.1?fdisk工具创建分区
????[[email?protected]?~]#fdisk?/dev/sdb
????Welcome?to?fdisk?(util-linux?2.32.1).
????Changes?will?remain?in?memory?only,?until?you?decide?to?write?them.
????Be?careful?before?using?the?write?command.
????Device?does?not?contain?a?recognized?partition?table.
????Created?a?new?DOS?disklabel?with?disk?identifier?0x1de77d65.
????Command?(m?for?help):?n
????Partition?type
????p???primary?(0?primary,?0?extended,?4?free)
????e???extended?(container?for?logical?partitions)
????Select?(default?p):?p
????Partition?number?(1-4,?default?1):?1
????First?sector?(2048-20971519,?default?2048):?
????Last?sector,?+sectors?or?+size{K,M,G,T,P}?(2048-20971519,?default?20971519):?+5G
????CreateCommand?(m?for?help):?w
????The?partition?table?has?been?altered.
????Calling?ioctl()?to?re-read?partition?table.
????Syncing?disks.
????d?a?new?partition?1?of?type?‘Linux‘?and?of?size?5?GiB.
????PS：centos8分区直接w存盘退出，
????????centos7?w存盘退出后，分区同步：partprobe
????????centos6?w存盘退出后，增加分区同步：partx?-a?/dev/sdb?；删除分区同步?partx?-d?--nr?6-8?/dev/sdb???(6-8删除分区编号)（柱面单位，1个柱面：255*63*512=8M）
????2.删除分区
????[[email?protected]?~]#fdisk?/dev/sdb
????Welcome?to?fdisk?(util-linux?2.32.1).
????Changes?will?remain?in?memory?only,?until?you?decide?to?write?them.
????Be?careful?before?using?the?write?command.
????Command?(m?for?help):?d
????Partition?number?(1,2,5,?default?5):?5
????Partition?5?has?been?deleted.
????Command?(m?for?help):?p
????Disk?/dev/sdb:?10?GiB,?20971520?sectors
????Units:?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes
????Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
????I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
????Disklabel?type:?dos
????Disk?identifier:?0x1de77d65
????Device?????Boot????Start??????End??Sectors?Size?Id?Type
????/dev/sdb1???????????2048?10487807?10485760???5G?83?Linux
????/dev/sdb2???????10487808?14682111??4194304???2G??5?Extended
????Command?(m?for?help):?w
????The?partition?table?has?been?altered.
????Calling?ioctl()?to?re-read?partition?table.
????Syncing?disks.
????PS：分区编号自动递增，如分区编号是：12345，删除3，则结果：1234.
????分区挂载配置最好写分区UUID，唯一不变，写分区号，删除分区影响挂载配置文件。
????PS：删除扩张分区，直接就删除逻辑分区?
????增加分区后，磁盘分区表
????[[email?protected]?~]#hexdump?-C?-n?512?/dev/sdb
????00000000??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??|................|
????*
????000001b0??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??65?7d?e7?1d?00?00?00?20??|........e}.....?|
????000001c0??21?00?83?d5?89?8c?00?08??00?00?00?00?a0?00?00?d5??|!...............|
????000001d0??8a?8c?05?ea?d9?91?00?08??a0?00?00?00?40?00?00?00??|[email?protected]|
????000001e0??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??|................|
????000001f0??00?00?00?00?00?00?00?00??00?00?00?00?00?00?55?aa??|..............U.|
????00000200
????3.修改分区类型
????[[email?protected]?~]#fdisk?/dev/sdb
????Welcome?to?fdisk?(util-linux?2.32.1).
????Changes?will?remain?in?memory?only,?until?you?decide?to?write?them.
????Be?careful?before?using?the?write?command.
????Command?(m?for?help):?t
????Partition?number?(1,?default?2):?2
????Hex?code?(type?L?to?list?all?codes):?l
????0??Empty???????????24??NEC?DOS?????????81??Minix?/?old?Lin?bf??Solaris????????
????1??FAT12???????????27??Hidden?NTFS?Win?82??Linux?swap?/?So?c1??DRDOS/sec?(FAT-
????2??XENIX?root??????39??Plan?9??????????83??Linux???????????c4??DRDOS/sec?(FAT-
????3??XENIX?usr???????3c??PartitionMagic??84??OS/2?hidden?or??c6??DRDOS/sec?(FAT-
????4??FAT16?<32M??????40??Venix?80286?????85??Linux?extended??c7??Syrinx?????????
????5??Extended????????41??PPC?PReP?Boot???86??NTFS?volume?set?da??Non-FS?data????
????6??FAT16???????????42??SFS?????????????87??NTFS?volume?set?db??CP/M?/?CTOS?/?.
????7??HPFS/NTFS/exFAT?4d??QNX4.x??????????88??Linux?plaintext?de??Dell?Utility???
????8??AIX?????????????4e??QNX4.x?2nd?part?8e??Linux?LVM???????df??BootIt?????????
????9??AIX?bootable????4f??QNX4.x?3rd?part?93??Amoeba??????????e1??DOS?access?????
????a??OS/2?Boot?Manag?50??OnTrack?DM??????94??Amoeba?BBT??????e3??DOS?R/O????????
????b??W95?FAT32???????51??OnTrack?DM6?Aux?9f??BSD/OS??????????e4??SpeedStor??????
????c??W95?FAT32?(LBA)?52??CP/M????????????a0??IBM?Thinkpad?hi?ea??Rufus?alignment
????e??W95?FAT16?(LBA)?53??OnTrack?DM6?Aux?a5??FreeBSD?????????eb??BeOS?fs????????
????f??W95?Ext‘d?(LBA)?54??OnTrackDM6??????a6??OpenBSD?????????ee??GPT????????????
????10??OPUS????????????55??EZ-Drive????????a7??NeXTSTEP????????ef??EFI?(FAT-12/16/
????11??Hidden?FAT12????56??Golden?Bow??????a8??Darwin?UFS??????f0??Linux/PA-RISC?b
????12??Compaq?diagnost?5c??Priam?Edisk?????a9??NetBSD??????????f1??SpeedStor??????
????14??Hidden?FAT16?<3?61??SpeedStor???????ab??Darwin?boot?????f4??SpeedStor??????
????16??Hidden?FAT16????63??GNU?HURD?or?Sys?af??HFS?/?HFS+??????f2??DOS?secondary??
????17??Hidden?HPFS/NTF?64??Novell?Netware??b7??BSDI?fs?????????fb??VMware?VMFS????
????18??AST?SmartSleep??65??Novell?Netware??b8??BSDI?swap???????fc??VMware?VMKCORE?
????1b??Hidden?W95?FAT3?70??DiskSecure?Mult?bb??Boot?Wizard?hid?fd??Linux?raid?auto
????1c??Hidden?W95?FAT3?75??PC/IX???????????bc??Acronis?FAT32?L?fe??LANstep????????
????1e??Hidden?W95?FAT1?80??Old?Minix???????be??Solaris?boot????ff??BBT????????????
????Hex?code?(type?L?to?list?all?codes):
??2.2?fdisk分区常见命令：
????fdisk?/dev/sdb?命令参数
????p?分区列表
????t?更改分区类型
????n?创建新分区
????d?删除分区
????v?校验分区
????u?转换单位
????w?保存并退出
????q?不保存并退出
??2.3?gdisk分区工具同等于fdisk分区工具。
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