LVM、网络协议和管理
发布时间：2020-12-14 00:13:48 所属栏目：Linux 来源：网络整理
导读：LVM、网络协议和管理 1.创建逻辑卷 创建物理卷pvcreate /dev/sd{b1,c}创建卷组名vgcreate vg0 /dev/sd{b1,c} -s 4G创建逻辑卷lvcreate -n mysql -L 8G vg0创建文件系统mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/mysql挂载mount /dev/vg0/mysql /mnt/mysql/扩展文件系统lvextend -l
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LVM、网络协议和管理
1.创建逻辑卷 创建物理卷
pvcreate /dev/sd{b1,c}
创建卷组名
vgcreate vg0 /dev/sd{b1,c} -s 4G
创建逻辑卷
lvcreate -n mysql -L 8G vg0
创建文件系统
mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/mysql
挂载
mount /dev/vg0/mysql /mnt/mysql/
扩展文件系统
lvextend -l +1534 /dev/vg0/mysql
同步XFS文件系统
xfs_growfs /mnt/mysql/
扩展逻辑卷VG0的大小
vgextend vg0 /dev/sdd
同步EXT系列的文件系统
resize2fs /dev/vg0/binlog
可以扩展的同时直接同步文件系统，一条命令完成。
[[email?protected] ~]#lvextend -r -l +500 /dev/vg0/mysql
缩减逻辑分区的大小，缩减只能缩减EXT系列的。先取消挂载。
[[email?protected] ~]#umount /mnt/biglog/
检查文件的完整性
e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/binlog
缩减文件系统大小到10G
resize2fs /dev/vg0/binlog 10G
缩减逻辑卷大小到10G，有风险，可能丢失数据
[[email?protected] ~]#lvreduce -L 10G /dev/vg0/binlog
然后在挂载上，就可以完成缩减
[[email?protected] ~]#mount /dev/vg0/binlog /mnt/biglog/
2.迁移逻辑卷，先取消挂载 先禁用， [[email?protected] ~]#vgchange -an vg0 查看状态 [[email?protected] ~]#lvdisplay 导出状态 [[email?protected] ~]#vgexport vg0 就可以拔出硬盘了。插到新的机子上 然后导入 [[email?protected] ~]#vgimport vg0 启用， [[email?protected] ~]#vgchange -ay vg0 然后挂载就可以使用了。 3.移出逻辑卷的硬盘 增加物理卷 [[email?protected] ~]#pvcreate /dev/sdb4 加到VG0里 [[email?protected] ~]#vgextend vg0 /dev/sdb4 把sdc上的迁移到其他地方 [[email?protected] ~]#pvmove /dev/sdc 把sdc移出VG0 [[email?protected] ~]#vgreduce vg0 /dev/sdc 把上面的物理卷标识去掉，现在就是一块普通硬盘了 [[email?protected] ~]#pvremove /dev/sdc 4.删除逻辑卷 [[email?protected] ~]#umount /mnt/mysql/ [[email?protected] ~]#lvremove /dev/vg0/mysql [[email?protected] ~]#vgremove vg0 [[email?protected] ~]#pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 4.00g 4.00g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 2.00g 2.00g /dev/sdb4 lvm2 --- 5.00g 5.00g /dev/sdd lvm2 --- 20.00g 20.00g [[email?protected] ~]#pvremove /dev/sdd 5.创建逻辑卷快照和使用。xfs文件系统的。 -n 名字 -s 逻辑卷标志 -L 逻辑卷大小 -p r 只读属性 最后指定是谁的快照。只读不可以挂载,和原来的UUID一样。强行挂载要不是只读模式， -o nouuid 不检查UUID [[email?protected] ~]#lvcreate -n mysql_snapshot -s -L 1G -p r /dev/vg0/mysql [[email?protected] ~]#mount -o nouuid /dev/vg0/mysql_snapshot2 /mnt/snap/ 还原快照。逻辑卷快照消失，只能使用一次。 [[email?protected] ~]#umount /mut/snap/ [[email?protected] ~]#umount /mnt/mysql [[email?protected] ~]#lvconvert --merge /dev/vg0/mysql_sanpshot ext系列不存在UUID重复的情况，快照也可以只读 6.创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG；要求PE大小为16MB,而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录 [[email?protected] ~]#pvcreate /dev/sd{c,d1}
[[email?protected] ~]#pvdisplay
"/dev/sdd1" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdd1
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID NYoBim-Wdxw-Bhak-hOiN-1WpU-2oOJ-2uzmPT
"/dev/sdc" is a new physical volume of "10.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc
VG Name
PV Size 10.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID dIJhEo-YoxY-PGwh-Y1NS-17w2-UWcB-D25ABX
[[email?protected] ~]#vgcreate testvg /dev/sd{c,d1} -s 16MB
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[[email?protected] ~]#vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name testvg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size <19.97 GiB PE Size 16.00 MiB Total PE 1278 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB VG UUID Gy8wH6-XidI-D69o-pMiy-i8OX-P03i-HtjH72 [[email?protected] ~]#lvcreate -n testlv -L 5G testvg WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/testvg/testlv at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/testvg/testlv. Logical volume "testlv" created. [[email?protected] ~]#lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv LV Name testlv VG Name testvg LV UUID wkn8n8-B2GI-Aqf4-gTWz-tg8E-4bF5-YkAF01 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host,time centos7.5.localdomain,2019-08-11 22:00:57 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 5.00 GiB Current LE 320 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [[email?protected] ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes,1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group,32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[[email?protected] ~]#mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users 7.新建用户archlinux，要求其家目录为/users/archlinux，而后su切换至archlinux用户，复制/etc/pam.d目录至自己的家目录 [[email?protected] ~]$cp -r /etc/pam.d/ ./ [[email?protected] ~]$ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 archlinux archlinux 4096 Aug 11 22:09 pam.d [[email?protected] ~]$pwd /users/archlinux 8.扩展testlv至7G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失 [[email?protected] ~]#lvextend -r -L +2G /dev/testvg/testlv Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 5.00 GiB (320 extents) to 7.00 GiB (448 extents). Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem at /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 1,new_desc_blocks = 1 The filesystem on /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv is now 1835008 blocks long. [[email?protected] ~]#lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv LV Name testlv VG Name testvg LV UUID wkn8n8-B2GI-Aqf4-gTWz-tg8E-4bF5-YkAF01 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host,2019-08-11 22:00:57 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 7.00 GiB Current LE 448 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 9.收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux用户的文件不能丢失 [[email?protected] ~]#umount /users [[email?protected] ~]#resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Please run ‘e2fsck -f /dev/testvg/testlv‘ first. [[email?protected] ~]#e2fsck -f /dev/testvg/testlv e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Pass 1: Checking inodes,blocks,and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/testvg/testlv: 70/458752 files (0.0% non-contiguous),67380/1835008 blocks [[email?protected] ~]#resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 786432 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 786432 blocks long. [[email?protected] ~]#lvreduce -L 3G /dev/testvg/testlv WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 7.00 GiB (448 extents) to 3.00 GiB (192 extents). Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized. [[email?protected] ~]#mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users 10.对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能 -p r 设置只读模式，忘记添加了
[[email?protected] ~]#lvcreate -L 1G -s -n snap1 /dev/testvg/testlv
[[email?protected] ~]#umount /users
[[email?protected] ~]#lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID wkn8n8-B2GI-Aqf4-gTWz-tg8E-4bF5-YkAF01
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host,2019-08-11 22:00:57 +0800
LV snapshot status source of
snap1 [active]
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 192
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/snap1
LV Name snap1
VG Name testvg
LV UUID KdGZPM-BqYW-GxDz-bOor-fmNE-Isdh-T7hsHo
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host,2019-08-11 22:23:36 +0800
LV snapshot status active destination for testlv
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 192
COW-table size 1.00 GiB
COW-table LE 64
Allocated to snapshot 0.01%
Snapshot chunk size 4.00 KiB
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:3
[[email?protected] ~]#lvconvert --merge /dev/testvg/snap1
Merging of volume testvg/snap1 started.
testvg/testlv: Merged: 100.00%
11.Ethernet II以太网帧格式： 目标MAC 源MAC 类型 数据 FCS 6字节 6字节 2字节 46-1500字节 4字节 所以最小6+6+2+46+4 = 64，最大6+6+2+1500+4 = 1518。 （注：ISL封装后可达1548字节，802.1Q封装后可达1522字节） 12.?正则表达式匹配邮件地址和?站？ egrep "[[:alnum:] ][email?protected][[:alnum:]]+.com"
egrep "^([a-zA-Z0-9_-.]([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9_-])?.)+[a-zA-Z]{1,6}$"
13.查看端口被那几个应用占用 [[email?protected] ~]#ss -ntlp |grep 22
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:* users:(("dnsmasq",pid=7269,fd=6))
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=6780,fd=3))
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",fd=4))
[[email?protected] ~]#lsof -i :22
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd 6780 root 3u IPv4 43799 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 6780 root 4u IPv6 43801 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd 11386 root 3u IPv4 97622 0t0 TCP 192.168.38.103:ssh->192.168.38.1:61967 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd 15611 root 3u IPv4 149223 0t0 TCP 192.168.38.103:ssh->192.168.38.1:64099 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd 16049 root 3u IPv4 152899 0t0 TCP 192.168.38.103:ssh->192.168.38.1:64967 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd 16283 root 3u IPv4 155757 0t0 TCP centos7.6.localdomain:ssh->172.18.1.77:65180 (ESTABLISHED)
14.用户改名 修改文件 [[email?protected] ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network HOSTNAME=7.6centos.localdomain [[email?protected] ~]#hostname 7.6centos.localdomain [[email?protected] ~]#exit 在这个地方添加新的名字，防止自己ping不通自己 [[email?protected] ~]#vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 7.6centos.localdomain [[email?protected] ~]#ping 7.6centos.localdomain 15.配置eth1?卡地址为1.1.1.1/24 直接就改了 [[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1 172.18.7.7/24 up [[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1 1.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 16.激活eth1?卡，关闭网卡 [[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1 down [[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1 up 17.配置eth1的?卡别名为eth1:0，ip为10.0.0.100 [[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1:0 10.0.0.100/24 up
[[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1:0
eth1:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
ether 00:0c:29:a3:3e:ce txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[[email?protected] ~]#ifconfig eth1:0 10.0.0.100/24 down
17.添加到1.1.1.1的主机路由，下?跳为172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route add -host 1.1.1.1 gw 172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth1 1.1.1.1 172.18.0.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eth0 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 101 0 0 eth1 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 18.删除主机路由1.1.1.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route del -host 1.1.1.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth1 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eth0 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 101 0 0 eth1 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 19.添加到1.1.1.0/24的?络路由，下?跳为172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route add -net 1.1.1.0/24 gw 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 [[email?protected] ~]#route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 172.18.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth1 1.1.1.0 172.18.0.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 100 0 0 eth0 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 101 0 0 eth1 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 20.添加到1.1.1.0/24的?络路由，下?跳为172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route add -net 1.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.18.0.1 dev eth1 21.添加默认路由 [[email?protected] ~]#route add -net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 gw 172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] ~]#route add default gw 172.18.0.1 22.禁?ens38?卡 [[email?protected] ~]#ip link set dev eth1 down 23.查看eth1?卡的状态 [[email?protected] ~]#ip link show dev eth1
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:3e:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
24.启?eth1?卡 [[email?protected] ~]#ip link set dev eth1 up
[[email?protected] ~]#ip link show
[[email?protected] ~]#ip link show dev eth1
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:3e:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
25.删除网卡地址和添加网卡地址 [[email?protected] ~]#ip addr del 172.18.7.7 dev eth1
Warning: Executing wildcard deletion to stay compatible with old scripts.
Explicitly specify the prefix length (172.18.7.7/32) to avoid this warning.
This special behaviour is likely to disappear in further releases,fix your scripts!
[[email?protected] ~]#ip addr add 172.18.7.7/24 dev eth1
26.配置eth1?卡别名为ens38:0，地址为4.4.4.4/24和删除 [[email?protected] ~]#ip addr add 4.4.4.4 dev eth1 label eth1:0
eth1:0: flags=4163<UP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 4.4.4.4 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 00:0c:29:a3:3e:ce txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
[[email?protected] data]#ifconfig eth1:1 1.1.1.1/24
[[email?protected] ~]#ip add flush dev eth1 label eth1:0
27.删除eth1?卡上的使?ip地址和增加 [[email?protected] ~]#ip addr flush dev eth1 [[email?protected] ~]#ip addr add 172.18.7.7 dev eth1 28.查看路由表 [[email?protected] data]#ip route show default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 proto static metric 100 1.1.1.0/24 via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 172.18.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.7.127 metric 100 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 [[email?protected] data]#ip route list default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 proto static metric 100 1.1.1.0/24 via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 172.18.0.0/16 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.18.7.127 metric 100 192.168.122.0/24 dev virbr0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.122.1 29.添加?络路由192.168.0.0/24 [[email?protected] data]#ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 via 172.18.0.1 30.添加默认?关和删除 [[email?protected] data]#ip route add default via 172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] data]#route add default gw 172.18.0.1 指定端口 ip route add default via 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 [[email?protected] data]#ip route del default via 172.18.0.1 [[email?protected] data]#route del default gw 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 31.配置dns?件，地址为172.18.0.1，重启永久?效 [[email?protected] data]#vim /etc/resolv.conf 32.查看tcp协议，?数?显?ip和端?，所有状态?络连接 [[email?protected] data]#netstat -tan Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37698 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 172.18.7.7:22 172.18.1.77:56968 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 52 172.18.7.127:22 172.18.1.77:51868 ESTABLISHED tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::6000 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::46709 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 33.查看udp协议，?数?显?ip和端?，所有状态?络连接 [[email?protected] data]#netstat -uan Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:967 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1005 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50817 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:52965 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 :::967 :::* udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* udp6 0 0 :::54851 :::* 34.查看tcp协议，?数?显?ip和端?，所有处于监听状态?络连接 [[email?protected] data]#netstat -tnl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37698 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::6000 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::46709 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 35.查看udp协议，?数?显?ip和端?，所有处于监听状态?络连接 [[email?protected] data]#netstat -unl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:967 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1005 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50817 0.0.0.0:* udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:52965 0.0.0.0:* udp6 0 0 :::967 :::* udp6 0 0 :::111 :::* udp6 0 0 :::54851 :::* 36.显?所有接?统计数据 [[email?protected] data]#netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 78298 0 0 0 6449 0 0 0 BMRU eth1 1500 44702 0 0 0 314 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 210 0 0 0 210 0 0 0 LRU virbr0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU 37.显?eth0接?是流量数据 [[email?protected] data]#netstat -I=eth0 Kernel Interface table Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 78518 0 0 0 6478 0 0 0 BMRU [[email?protected] data]#ifconfig -s eth0 Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0 1500 78621 0 0 0 6502 0 0 0 BMRU 38.centos6重启?络服务和关闭NetworkManager服务 service network restart service NetworkManager stop 39.查看具体路由信息 [[email?protected] data]#traceroute www.baidu.com traceroute to www.baidu.com (61.135.169.121),30 hops max,60 byte packets 1 gateway (172.18.0.1) 1.235 ms 1.118 ms 1.030 ms 2 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 0.918 ms 0.813 ms 0.728 ms 3 123.118.208.1 (123.118.208.1) 5.181 ms 5.068 ms 4.984 ms 4 114.244.95.105 (114.244.95.105) 4.177 ms 61.148.163.181 (61.148.163.181) 7.078 ms 61.148.163.81 (61.148.163.81) 4.690 ms 5 61.148.157.229 (61.148.157.229) 5.187 ms 3.714 ms 4.964 ms [[email?protected] data]#tracepath 114.114.114.114 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500 1: gateway 3.093ms 1: gateway 1.891ms 2: 192.168.0.1 2.132ms 3: 192.168.0.1 2.609ms pmtu 1480 3: 123.118.208.1 18.058ms 4: 114.244.95.61 3.921ms 5: no reply 6: 125.33.186.5 16.844ms 7: 219.158.4.230 13.296ms ^C [[email?protected] data]#mtr www.baidu.com 40.子网掩码不同，网络IP可能是会不一样的 A:192.168.38.100/25 B:192.168.38.200/24 A--->B 192.168.38.100与255.255.255.128=192.168.38.0 192.168.38.200与255.255.255.128=192.168.38.128 不相同 B--->A 192.168.38.100与255.255.255.0=192.168.38.0 192.168.38.200与255.255.255.0=192.168.38.0 41.高于DNS的名字解析，测试时用。改名字时最好后面也加一个。 [[email?protected] data]#vim /etc/hosts 42.抓包。-nn转化为数字形式 [[email?protected] network-scripts]#tcpdump -i eth0 -nn icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed,use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0,link-type EN10MB (Ethernet),capture size 262144 bytes 16:33:22.816999 IP 172.25.0.111 > 192.168.66.111: ICMP echo request,id 6893,seq 55,length 64 16:33:22.817030 IP 192.168.66.111 > 172.25.0.111: ICMP echo reply,length 64 43.查看最新日志。 [[email?protected] data]#tail /var/log/messages Aug 17 16:34:32 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Invalid legacy unicast query packet. Aug 17 16:34:32 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ Aug 17 16:34:32 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Invalid legacy unicast query packet. Aug 17 16:34:32 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ Aug 17 16:34:32 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Invalid legacy unicast query packet. Aug 17 16:34:32 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ Aug 17 16:34:33 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ Aug 17 16:34:34 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ Aug 17 16:34:34 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ Aug 17 16:34:36 centos7 avahi-daemon[6307]: Received response from host 172.18.144.184 with invalid source port 50556 on interface ‘eth0.0‘ 44.ping -l 指定从哪个网卡访问。 [[email?protected] data]#ping -l 172.18.7.7 114.114.114.114 PING 114.114.114.114 (114.114.114.114) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=1 ttl=86 time=12.6 ms 64 bytes from 114.114.114.114: icmp_seq=2 ttl=89 time=12.5 ms 45.-0.3秒查看一次网卡吞吐量 。-i必须和后面的连在一起，指定网卡 [[email?protected] data]#watch -n0.3 netstart -leth0 46.centos6上支持补全的包。。。。。退出重进生效 yum install bash-completion 46.显示IP和mcp地址对应的关系 [[email?protected]entos7 data]#arp -n Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 172.18.0.1 ether 14:6b:9c:bd:6b:cd C eth0 172.18.1.77 ether 98:e7:f4:68:64:aa C eth0 [[email?protected] data]#ip neigh 172.18.0.1 dev eth0 lladdr 14:6b:9c:bd:6b:cd STALE 172.18.1.77 dev eth0 lladdr 98:e7:f4:68:64:aa REACHABLE （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |