Linux系统管理----磁盘管理与文件系统
1、为主机新增两块30GB的SCSI硬盘找到要添加的虚拟机，单击鼠标右键，点击设置 点击添加 选择硬件类型，然后点击下一步 选择要创建的磁盘类型，然后点击下一步 指定要创建磁盘的容量，然后点击下一步 指定磁盘的存储位置，然后完成 ?
? 2、划分3个主分区，各5GB，剩余空间作为扩展分区管理磁盘分区：fdisk （选项）磁盘设备名称 ? 规划磁盘分区：fdisk? 磁盘设备名称 ? ?n 新建分区? p 创建分区为主分区? e创建分区为 扩展分区? [[email?protected] chen]# fdisk /dev/sdb （n ? ? p ? +5G）扩展分区(n ? e) ?? 设备 Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System /dev/sdb1??????????? 2048??? 10487807???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb2??????? 10487808??? 20973567???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb3??????? 20973568??? 31459327???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb4??????? 31459328??? 62914559??? 15727616??? 5? Extended 3、在扩展分区中建立2个逻辑分区，容量分别为2GB、10GB逻辑分区(n? l) n：新建分区? l：创建扩展分区中的逻辑分区 ?? 设备 Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System /dev/sdb1??????????? 2048??? 10487807???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb2??????? 10487808??? 20973567???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb3??????? 20973568??? 31459327???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb4??????? 31459328??? 62914559??? 15727616??? 5? Extended /dev/sdb5??????? 31461376??? 35655679???? 2097152?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb6??????? 35657728??? 56629247??? 10485760?? 83? Linux 4、将第一个逻辑分区的类型改为swap类型改为swap(t? 5? l)? t：变更分区类型? 5：为逻辑分区的第一个分区? l：列出分区类型代码 ?? 设备 Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks?? Id? System /dev/sdb1??????????? 2048??? 10487807???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb2??????? 10487808??? 20973567???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb3??????? 20973568??? 31459327???? 5242880?? 83? Linux /dev/sdb4? ??????31459328??? 62914559??? 15727616??? 5? Extended /dev/sdb5??????? 31461376???? 35655679??? 2097152??? 82 Linux swap/Solaris /dev/sdb6??????? 35657728??? 56629247??? 10485760?? 83? Linux 5、将第一个主分区格式化为ext4mkfs：创建文件系统（格式化）mkfs.ext4 ：格式化文件类型为ext4 [[email?protected] chen]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1? mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 文件系统标签= OS type: Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks 327680 inodes,1310720 blocks 65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280 40 block groups 32768 blocks per group,32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736 ? Allocating group tables: 完成 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 6、将第二个主分区格式化为xfs?mkfs：格式化文件类型为xfs [[email?protected] chen]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2 meta-data=/dev/sdb2????????????? isize=512??? agcount=4,agsize=327680 blks ???????? =?????????????????????? sectsz=512?? attr=2,projid32bit=1 ???????? =?????????????????????? crc=1??????? finobt=0,sparse=0 data???? =?????????????????????? bsize=4096?? blocks=1310720,imaxpct=25 ???????? =?????????????????????? sunit=0????? swidth=0 blks naming?? =version 2????????????? bsize=4096?? ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log????? =internal log?????????? bsize=4096?? blocks=2560,version=2 ???????? =?????????????????????? sectsz=512?? sunit=0 blks,lazy-count=1 realtime =none?????????????????? extsz=4096?? blocks=0,rtextents=0 7、将第三个主分区格式化为FAT32mkfs.fat -F 32：格式化文件类型为FAT32 [[email?protected] chen]# mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sdb3 mkfs.fat 3.0.20 (12 Jun 2013) 8、创建 /data1 /data2 /data3[[email?protected] chen]# mkdir /data1 /data2 /data3 -pv mkdir: 已创建目录 "/date1" mkdir: 已创建目录 "/data2" mkdir: 已创建目录 "/data3" 9、将第一个主分区挂载到/data1，在目录中创建文件测试，并实现 /etc/fstabmount： 挂载文件系统，挂载ISO镜像 tail -n ：查看最后n行的内容? df 【选项】 【文件】：查看磁盘使用情况 [[email?protected] chen]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 [[email?protected] chen]# vi /etc/fstab [[email?protected] ~]$ tail -2 ?/etc/fstab /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap??????????? swap??? defaults??????? 0 ?0 /dev/sdb1????????? /data1????????????? ext4?? ??defaults ??????0? 0 [[email?protected] chen]# ls /data1 cs lost+found [[email?protected] chen]#? ?df -h | tail -1 /dev/sdb1??????????????? 4.8G?? 20M? 4.6G??? 1% /data1 10、将第二个主分区挂载到/data2，在目录中创建文件测试，并实现 /etc/fstab [[email?protected] chen]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data2 mount: /dev/sdb2 已经挂载或 /data2 忙 ? /dev/sdb2 已经挂载到 /data2 上 [[email?protected]localhost chen]# vi /etc/fstab [[email?protected] chen]# tail -1 /etc/fstab /dev/sdb2?????????? /data2??????????????????? defaults ???????0?? 0 ?[[email?protected] chen]# ls /data2 [[email?protected] chen]#?? df -h | tail -2 /dev/sdb1??????????????? 4.8G?? 20M? 4.6G??? 1% /data1 /dev/sdb2??????????????? 5.0G?? 33M? 5.0G??? 1% /data2 11、将第三个主分区挂载到/data3，在目录中创建文件测试，并基于UUID实现 /etc/fstabblkid +分区设备：查看分区的UUID号（分区必须格式化后才会有UUID号） [[email?protected] chen]# mount /dev/sdb3 /data3 [[email?protected] chen]# tail -3 /etc/fstab /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap?????????????? swap??? defaults???? 0? ?0 /dev/sdb1?? /data1?????????????????? ?????ext4????? defaults??? 0?? 0 /dev/sdb2?? /data2???????????????????? ???xfs??????? defaults?? 0?? 0 ?[[email?protected] chen]# blkid /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb3: UUID="BE99-8F8F" TYPE="vfat" [[email?protected] chen]# blkid /dev/sdb3 >>/etc/fstab [[email?protected] chen]# tail -3 /etc/fstab /dev/sdb1?? /data1????????????????????? ext4????? defaults??? 0?? 0 /dev/sdb2?? /data2????????????????????? xfs??????? defaults?? 0?? 0 /dev/sdb3: UUID="BE99-8F8F" TYPE="vfat" [[email?protected] chen]# ??df -h | tail -3 /dev/sdb1???????? ???????4.8G?? 20M? 4.6G??? 1% /data1 /dev/sdb2??????????????? 5.0G?? 33M? 5.0G??? 1% /data2 /dev/sdb3??????????????? 5.0G? 4.0K? 5.0G??? 1% /data3 12、将第一个逻辑分区格式化swap格式，将swap分区扩展，测试查看mkswap：格式化为swap格式 [[email?protected] chen]# mkswap /dev/sdb5 正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 2097148 KiB 无标签，UUID=c9315f5d-9df5-4011-bba1-2c476dea24aa [[email?protected] chen]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i "swaptotal" SwapTotal:?????? 3145724 kB [[email?protected] chen]# swapon /dev/sdb5 [[email?protected] chen]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i "swaptotal"? //查看swap分区的大小 SwapTotal:?????? 5242872 kB 13、通过xftp等工具将linux.iso 传到linux虚拟机中，并挂载查看内容[[email?protected] chen]# ls /media/ [[email?protected] chen]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/ mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载 [[email?protected] chen]# ls /media/ CentOS_BuildTag? EULA? images??? LiveOS??? repodata????????????? RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 EFI????????????? GPL?? isolinux? Packages? RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7? TRANS.TBL 14、基于文件方式将SWAP扩大500M[[email?protected] chen]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i "swaptotal" SwapTotal:?????? 3145724 kB [[email?protected] chen]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=500 记录了500+0 的读入 记录了500+0 的写出 524288000字节(524 MB)已复制，4.87111 秒，108 MB/秒 [[email?protected] chen]# mkswap /swapfile 正在设置交换空间版本 1，大小 = 511996 KiB 无标签，UUID=69506b1b-4f5a-4696-a6d3-e50dd1929221 [[email?protected] chen]# swapon /swapfile swapon: /swapfile：不安全的权限 0644，建议使用 0600。 [[email?protected] chen]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i "swaptotal" SwapTotal:?????? 3657720 kB [[email?protected] chen]# 15、利用dd命令将光盘内容制作成iso镜像文件[[email?protected] chen]# dd if=/dev/cdrom of=centos7.iso 记录了8730624+0 的读入 记录了8730624+0 的写出 4470079488字节(4.5 GB)已复制，196.797 秒，22.7 MB/秒 [[email?protected] chen]# ls centos7.iso? 公共? 模板? 视频? 图片? 文档? 下载? 音乐? 桌面 16、查看磁盘的使用情况[[email?protected] chen]# df -Th 文件系统??????????????? 类型????? 容量? 已用? 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs??????? 36G? 4.7G?? 32G?? 13% / devtmpfs??????????????? devtmpfs? 730M???? 0? 730M??? 0% /dev tmpfs?????????????????? tmpfs???? 747M???? 0? 747M??? 0% /dev/shm tmpfs?????????????????? tmpfs???? 747M?? 11M? 736M??? 2% /run tmpfs? ?????????????????tmpfs???? 747M???? 0? 747M??? 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1?????????????? xfs????? 1014M? 157M? 858M?? 16% /boot tmpfs?????????????????? tmpfs???? 150M?? 28K? 150M??? 1% /run/user/1000 /dev/sr0??????????????? iso9660?? 4.2G? 4.2G???? 0? 100% /run/media/chen/CentOS 7 x86_64 /dev/sdb1?????????????? ext4????? 4.8G?? 20M? 4.6G??? 1% /data1 /dev/sdb2?????????????? xfs?????? 5.0G?? 33M? 5.0G??? 1% /data2 /dev/sdb3?????????????? vfat????? 5.0G? 4.0K? 5.0G??? 1% /data3 （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |
