Linux常用的文件管理命令及用户管理命令
1.常用的文件管理命令-使用方法及示例
常用的文件管理类命令:mkdir、rmdir、touch、cat、tac、 head、 tail、more、less、cp、mv、rm等 注:跟在常用参数中的#代表数字
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] work]#mkdir -pv 20190702 mkdir: created directory ‘20190702’’
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#rmdir -pv a/b/c/d rmdir: removing directory,‘a/b/c/d’ rmdir: removing directory,‘a/b/c’ rmdir: removing directory,‘a/b’ rmdir: removing directory,‘a’
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#touch a.txt [[email?protected] a]#ll total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 4 11:12 a.txt
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#cat -nE a.txt 1 Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.24.0-34.el7" x-pid="6674" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed$ 2 Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 systemd: Started Session 302 of user root.$ 3 Jul 3 16:22:19 centos7 dhclient[103179]: DHCPREQUEST on ens33 to 192.168.118.254 port 67 (xid=0xedcf7fd)$ 4 Jul 3 16:22:19 centos7 dhclient[103179]: DHCPACK from 192.168.118.254 (xid=0xedcf7fd)$ 注:tac命令和cat命令相反,cat命令从文件头向文件尾显示,tac命令从文件尾向文件头显示
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#head -n 5 a.txt Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:11 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:12 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:13 centos7
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#tail -3 a.txt Jul 3 16:22:17 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:18 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:19 centos7
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#more -d a.txt Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:11 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:12 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:13 centos7 --More--(45%)[Press space to continue,‘q‘ to quit.]
命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#less a.txt Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 Jul 3 16:20:01 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:11 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:12 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:13 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:14 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:15 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:16 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:17 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:18 centos7 Jul 3 16:22:19 centos7 a.txt (END)
常用选项:
单源复制: [[email?protected] a]#cp -r /var/log ./ [[email?protected] a]#ls -ld log drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 4096 Jul 4 13:29 log 多源复制: 如果DEST不存在:错误; [[email?protected] a]#cp /tmp/a /tmp/b test ./ cp: cannot stat ‘test’: No such file or directory
常用参数: --如果SRC是单个文件 [[email?protected] a]#mv a.txt e.txt [[email?protected] a]# [[email?protected] a]#mv b.txt c.txt mv: overwrite ‘c.txt’? --如果SRC是多个文件 [[email?protected] a]#mv b.txt c.txt test mv: overwrite ‘test/b.txt’? y mv: overwrite ‘test/c.txt’? y --如果SRC是个目录 [[email?protected] a]#mv test ttee mv: overwrite ‘ttee/test’? y mv: cannot move ‘test’ to ‘ttee/test’: File exists
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] a]#rm -r d.txt rm: remove regular file ‘d.txt’? n [[email?protected] a]# [[email?protected] a]#rm -f d.txt [[email?protected] a]# 2.使用命令展开功能,创建/tmp/a1,/tmp/a2,/tmp/a1/a,/tmp/a1/b,在/tmp目录下创建目录:x_y,x_z,q_y,q_z[[email?protected] a]#mkdir -pv /tmp/{a1/{a,b},a2} mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/a1’ mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/a1/a’ mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/a1/b’ mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/a2’ [[email?protected] a]# [[email?protected] a]#mkdir -pv /tmp/{x,q}_{y,z} mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/x_y’ mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/x_z’ mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/q_y’ mkdir: created directory ‘/tmp/q_z’ [[email?protected] a]# 3.文件的元数据信息有哪些,分别表示什么含义,如何查看?如何修改文件的时间戳信息。文件的元数据信息有文件名、占用的块大小、文件类型,占用存储空间、占用设备号、占用Inode号、权限、访问时间、修改时间、变更时间等, [[email?protected] a]#stat e.txt File: ‘e.txt’ Size: 264 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 802h/2050d Inode: 36502314 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Context: unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0 Access: 2019-07-04 14:03:45.382988450 +0800 Modify: 2019-07-04 11:40:56.051668542 +0800 Change: 2019-07-04 13:57:21.406018923 +0800 Birth: - 4.在/tmp目录下创建以tfile开头,后跟当前日期和时间的文件,文件名形如:tfile-2016-05-27-09-32-22。[[email?protected] a]#touch /tmp/tfile"-"`date +"%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S"` [[email?protected] a]# [[email?protected] a]#ls -l /tmp/tfile-2019-07-04-14-21-35 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 4 14:21 /tmp/tfile-2019-07-04-14-21-35 [[email?protected] a]# 5.复制/etc目录下所有以p开头,以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录中[[email?protected] ~]#cp -r /etc/p*[^[:digit:]] /tmp/mytest1 [[email?protected] ~]# [[email?protected] ~]# [[email?protected] ~]#ls /tmp/mytest1/ pam.d pbm2ppa.conf plymouth popt.d prelink.conf.d profile.d purple passwd pinforc pm postfix printcap protocols python passwd- pki pnm2ppa.conf ppp profile pulse [[email?protected] ~]# 6.创建用户tom,指定UID为5001,指定家目录为/tmp/tom,指定shell为/bin/zsh,指定基本组为tom,附加组为jack[[email?protected] tmp]#useradd tom -u 5001 -d /tmp/tom -s /bin/zsh -G jack useradd: cannot set SELinux context for home directory /tmp/tom [[email?protected] tmp]# [[email?protected] tmp]#tail -2 /etc/passwd nologin:x:1007:1007::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin tom:x:5001:5001::/tmp/tom:/bin/zsh [[email?protected] tmp]# [[email?protected] tmp]#tail -2 /etc/group jack:x:1008:tom tom:x:5001: [[email?protected] tmp]# 7.常用的用户以及用户组管理命令有哪些,并演示命令以及用法常用命令:
常用参数: 命令举例 [[email?protected] tmp]#useradd testuser -u 666 -G jack -c "Hello World" -d /tmp/testuser -s /bin/csh useradd: cannot set SELinux context for home directory /tmp/testuser [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#usermod hello -u 601 -g 1002 -G 1000 -md /home/patrol -l testuser -s /bin/bash [[email?protected] tmp]# [[email?protected] tmp]#tail -1 /etc/passwd testuser:x:601:1002:Hello World:/home/patrol:/bin/bash [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#userdel testuser [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#groupadd testgroup -g 5002 -r [[email?protected] tmp]#tail -1 /etc/group testgroup:x:5002: [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#tail -1 /etc/group testgroup:x:5002: [[email?protected] tmp]# [[email?protected] tmp]#groupmod testgroup -g 5011 -n testgroup1 [[email?protected] tmp]#tail -1 /etc/group testgroup1:x:5011:
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#groupdel testgroup1 [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#echo "password" | passwd --stdin tom Changing password for user tom. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#useradd nike [[email?protected] tmp]#gpasswd -a nike tom Adding user nike to group tom [[email?protected] tmp]#gpasswd -d nike tom Removing user nike from group tom [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#id tom uid=5001(tom) gid=5001(tom) groups=5001(tom),1008(jack) [[email?protected] tmp]#
常用参数: 注:管理员可无密码切换至其它任何用户; 命令举例: [[email?protected] tmp]#id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 [[email?protected] tmp]#su - jack Last login: Thu Jul 4 15:58:26 CST 2019 on pts/0 [[email?protected] ~]$ [[email?protected] ~]$id uid=5003(jack) gid=1008(jack) groups=1008(jack) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 [[email?protected] ~]$ (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |