linux磁盘管理
1.MBR:共512字节446字节bootloader主引导程序 64字节磁盘分区表 2字节魔数 2.主分区和逻辑分区主分区最多是4个 扩展分区最多一个，另外扩展分区不能被直接使用而是制作成逻辑分区使用 逻辑分区序列号是从5开始的 逻辑分区可以有很多个，取决于扩展分区大小 ? 3.fdisk管理分区n:添加新的分区 p:查看分区信息 w:保存退出 q:不保存退出 d:删除分区 t:改变分区类型 ? 4.新建分区的使用1）在虚拟机上添加一块硬盘 2）fdisk创建新分区：+500M选择大小 [[email?protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). ? Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. ? Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe140b235. ? Command (m for help): n????????????????????????? #新建分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary,0 extended,4 free) e extended Select (default p): p??????????????????????????? #选择主分区 Partition number (1-4,default 1): First sector (2048-41943039,default 2048):??? #分区磁盘起始位，默认值，回车即可 Using default value 2048 Last sector,+sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039,default 41943039): +5G??? #磁盘大小选择，加号不能省略，回车即可 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set ? Command (m for help): P????????????????????? #查看分区是否建立 ? Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,21474836480 bytes,41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe140b235 ? Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux ? Command (m for help): W??? #w保存退出,q是不保存退出 The partition table has been altered! ? Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. ? 3）格式化 mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 [[email?protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1???? #格式化成centos7系统默认的文件系统类型XFS meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4,agsize=327680 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2,projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0,sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720,imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560,version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks,lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0,rtextents=0 ? 4）挂载使用 mount /dev/sdb1 /test ? 5）开机自启 echo "/dev/sdb1 /test xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab ? echo "mount/dev/sdb1/test" >> /etc/rc.local chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local ? 5.fdisk创建逻辑分区1）fdisk添加扩展分区 [[email?protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). ? Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. ? Command (m for help): n??? #添加新分区 Partition type: p primary (1 primary,3 free) e extended Select (default p): e???? #选择扩展分区 Partition number (2-4,default 2): First sector (10487808-41943039,default 10487808): Using default value 10487808 Last sector,G} (10487808-41943039,default 41943039): +5G??? #5G大小 Partition 2 of type Extended and of size 5 GiB is set ? Command (m for help): P?? #查看分区 ? Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe140b235 ? Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 5 Extended ? Command (m for help): w?? #保存退出 The partition table has been altered! ? Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. ? 2）创建逻辑分区 [[email?protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). ? Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. ? Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary,1 extended,2 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): l??? #创建逻辑分区 Adding logical partition 5 First sector (10489856-20973567,default 10489856): Using default value 10489856 Last sector,G} (10489856-20973567,default 20973567): +10G?? #逻辑分区大小不能超过扩展分区大小 Value out of range. Last sector,default 20973567): +2g Unsupported suffix: ‘g’. Supported: 10^N: KB (KiloByte),MB (MegaByte),GB (GigaByte) 2^N: K (KibiByte),M (MebiByte),G (GibiByte) Last sector,default 20973567): +2G Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set ? Command (m for help): P ? Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe140b235 ? Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 10489856 14684159 2097152 83 Linux ? Command (m for help): W The partition table has been altered! ? Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. ? 3）创建文件系统 同上 4）开机自动挂载 同上 ? 6.LVM逻辑卷
物理卷 - ->卷组 - ->逻辑卷 1）创建物理卷 pvcreate /dev/sd{b,c} ? 2）创建卷组 vgcreate vg_li /dev/sd{b,c} ? 3）创建逻辑卷 lvcreate –n lv_li –L 500M vg_li ? 4）格式化 mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_li/lv_li ? 5）挂载使用 mount /dev/vg_li/lv_li /test ? 注意：卸载命令umount 后面跟挂载点或者磁盘都可以 ? 7.LVM扩容lvextend –L +300M /dev/vg_li/lv_li lvextend –L 800M /dev/vg_li/lv_li ? xfs_growfs /dev/vg_li/lv_li ? 8.交换分区SWAP1）创建分区 [[email?protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). ? Changes will remain in memory only,2 free) l logical (numbered from 5) Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4,default 3): First sector (20973568-41943039,default 20973568): Using default value 20973568 Last sector,G} (20973568-41943039,default 41943039): +2G Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set ? Command (m for help): P ? Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB,41943040 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xe140b235 ? Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 5 Extended /dev/sdb3 20973568 25167871 2097152 83 Linux /dev/sdb5 10489856 14684159 2097152 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 14686208 18880511 2097152 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 18882560 20973567 1045504 83 Linux ? Command (m for help): W The partition table has been altered! ? Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. ? WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. ? 2）识别新创建的分区 [[email?protected] ~]# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 [[email?protected] ~]# partprobe???? #加载新建分区 Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. [[email?protected] ~]# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6 /dev/sdb7 ? 3）格式化为swap类型 [[email?protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb3 Setting up swapspace version 1,size = 2097148 KiB no label,UUID=b184f890-2ec4-417d-9aef-1ac87a78464b ? 4）启动swap [[email?protected] ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 974M 89M 751M 7.6M 133M 733M Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G [[email?protected]li ~]# swapon /dev/sdb3 [[email?protected] ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 974M 90M 750M 7.6M 133M 732M Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G ? 5）开机自启 echo “/dev/sdb3 swap swap defaults 0 0”? >> /etc/fstab ? echo “swapon /dev/sdb3” >> /etc/rc.local ? 9.创建交换分区SWAP–本地文件? 1）创建目录 [[email?protected] ~]# mkdir /swap ? 2）创建文件 [[email?protected] ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swap bs=2M count=2014 2014+0 records in 2014+0 records out 4223664128 bytes (4.2 GB) copied,29.3039 s,144 MB/s ? 3）格式化 [[email?protected] ~]# mkswap /swap/swap Setting up swapspace version 1,size = 4124668 KiB no label,UUID=211cb23a-49b5-46fc-b568-f167d4b6d06a ? 4）写入文件 [[email?protected] ~]# echo “/swap/swap swap swap defaults 0 0” >> /etc/fstab [[email?protected] ~]# mount -a [[email?protected] ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 974M 85M 69M 7.6M 819M 712M Swap: 4.0G 0B 4.0G [[email?protected] ~]# swapon -a swapon: /swap/swap: insecure permissions 0644,0600 suggested. [[email?protected] ~]# free -h total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 974M 88M 66M 7.6M 819M 709M Swap: 7.9G 0B 7.9G ? 5）修改权限 [[email?protected] ~]# chmod 0600 /swap/swap （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |