oracle（环境搭建一）

发布时间：2020-12-13 22:22:46 所属栏目：Linux 来源：网络整理

导读：图形化安装Oracle11gR2 环境： ?verify: CentOS release 6.5 (Final) ?release:CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 1、登录到root用户下： ? 2、安装相关软件依赖包灰色部分存在问题，不执行切换到yum.repos.d目录下： cd /etc/yum.repos.d 使用wget下载oracle提

图形化安装Oracle11gR2

环境：

?verify: CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

?release:CentOS release 6.7 (Final)

1、登录到root用户下：

2、安装相关软件依赖包

灰色部分存在问题，不执行

切换到yum.repos.d目录下：

cd /etc/yum.repos.d

使用wget下载oracle提供的yum库：

wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo

下载yum源

?????? 执行yum语句安装所有的oracle所需的先决条件:

yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

?????? 如果出现” GPG key retrieval failed “的错误：

????????????? wget https://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

?????? 如果以上步骤不成功则依次检查安装以下包：

?????? 检查：rpm -q package-name

?????? 安装：yum install -y package-name

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686

gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

ksh

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686

make-3.81-19.el6

sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

3、创建oracle用户,组

创建Oracle安装组oinstall,数据库管理员组dba，及oracle用户

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle（主组oinstall，其它组：dba）

# passwd oracle

4、修改操作系统参数

?配置内核参数：

可以直接在/etc/sysctl.conf文件中添加以下参数：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500?? ---这个在上面已经设置过了

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

然后使用/sbin/sysctl -p?? --使内核参数实时生效

5、为Oracle用户设置Shell限制

使用命令vim /etc/security/limits.conf添加以下内容

oracle????????????? soft??? nproc?? 2047

oracle????????????? hard??? nproc?? 16384

oracle????????????? soft??? nofile? 1024

oracle????????????? hard??? nofile? 65536

oracle????????????? soft??? stack?? 10240

6、建立oracle安装目录和环境变量配置：

建立安装目录

创建oracle用户目录: mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

指定所有者、组和权限

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

在/etc/profile末尾增加oracle相关限制

vim /etc/profile

#Oracle判断

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

umask?022?

设置Oracle用户环境变量

[root@qiao oracle]# su - oracle??? --切换到Oracle用户下，接下来的步骤都是oracle用户下操作

vim ~/.bash_profile????????? --编辑Oracle环境变量配置文件

添加以下内容：

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export ORACLE_SID=ocp? --默认实例名

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK/UTF8? ---数据库编码

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=YYYY/MM/DD ----数据库时间格式

----以下两个设置是用来设置rlwrap插件的环境

alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"

alias rman="rlwrap rman"

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile? --使配置生效

5、安装数据库软件

5.1、准备Oracle11g安装文件并解压

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -d /u01/app/

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip -d /u01/app/

5.2、静默安装

?????? cd /u01/app/database/response

?????? mv db_install.rsp db_install.rsp.bak

?????? vim db_install.rsp

?????? 添加压缩包下的db_install.rsp的内容

??????

?????? 文件中ORACLE_HOSTNAME，要与主机名一致

??????

chmod 640 db_install.rsp

灰色部分手动建库时会做

vim dbca.rsp

修改以下内容：

GDBNAME = "upcrm"

SID = "upcrm"

SYSPASSWORD = "upcrm"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "upcrm"

EMCONFIGURATION = "LOCAL"

SYSMANPASSWORD = "upcrm"

DBSNMPPASSWORD = "upcrm"

vim netca.rsp

修改以下内容：

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""

cd ..

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp

安装失败，返回检查配置

最后会提示成功

在此过程中的安装都会记录到：

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2016-08-25_06-31-10AM.log

灰色部分建库时会执行

cd /u01/app/database/response

dbca -silent -cloneTemplate -responseFile ./dbca.rsp

netca /silent /responseFile /u01/app/database/response/netca.rsp

切换到root用户下

vim /etc/hosts? 查看是否有hostname显示的主机名称

如果没有就添加上

灰色部分建库时会执行

切换回oracle用户下：

lsnrctl start

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/admin/upcrm/pfile/init.ora';

SQL> startup nomount;

6、安装rlwrap实现sqlplus的回显功能

[oracle@localhost home]$ rpm -ivh rlwrap-0.37-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

遇上的一些错误：

1.??? PRVF-0002 : Could not retrieve local nodename

信息：

[oracle@QYSD-Test database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.?? Actual 41293 MB??? Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.?? Actual 7903 MB??? Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-25-10PM. Please wait ...[oracle@QYSD-Test database]$ [FATAL] PRVF-0002 : Could not retrieve local nodename

A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-25-10PM/installActions2016-11-14_08-25-10PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log,you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.

解决方式：

修改/etc/hosts文件，添加主机名称。

例如：

127.0.0.1?? QYSD-Test localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1???????? QYSD-Test localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.1.115 QYSD-Test

2.??? Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application

?信息：

[oracle@QYSD-Test database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.?? Actual 41084 MB??? Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.?? Actual 7903 MB??? Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-32-42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@QYSD-Test database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

?? CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

?? ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.

[FATAL] [INS-13013] Target environment do not meet some mandatory requirements.

?? CAUSE: Some of the mandatory prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-32-42PM/installActions2016-11-14_08-32-42PM.log

?? ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-32-42PM/installActions2016-11-14_08-32-42PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.

A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-32-42PM/installActions2016-11-14_08-32-42PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log,you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.

日志信息：

WARNING: A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2016-11-14_08-32-42PM/installActions2016-11-14_08-32-42PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log,you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.

INFO: Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application

INFO: Exit Status is -3

INFO: Shutdown Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Installer

INFO: Unloading Setup Driver

解决方式：

将db_install.rsp中的DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES修改为：DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

然后使用：./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /u01/app/database/response/db_install.rsp

（编辑：李大同）

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