Linux系统之rpm仓库搭建
发布时间：2020-12-13 22:16:41 所属栏目：Linux 来源：网络整理
导读：一、概念 1.rpm是什么？在帮助文档里我们可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的缩写， 从名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一个包管理工具。简单说rpm包就是把一些程序编译成二进制，和一些配置文件以及帮助文档等一些程序所依赖库打包在一起，这样形成的一个
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一、概念 1.rpm是什么？在帮助文档里我们可以看到，rpm的名字是rpm package manage 的缩写， 从名字上看就可以知道rpm就是一个包管理工具。简单说rpm包就是把一些程序编译成二进制，和一些配置文件以及帮助文档等一些程序所依赖库打包在一起，这样形成的一个包。rpm大大的简化用户在Linux上安装软件的复杂度。 2.rpm仓库是什么？从字面理解,仓库就是集中存放东西的地方，同样rpm仓库就是集中存放rpm包的一个地方。这里说的‘地方’就是服务器。把很多rpm包放在一个特定的服务器的特定目录里， 再由比如http、nfs、ftp、file这些协议是用来提供给其他服务器下载rpm包的服务器，我们把这样的服务器称为rpm仓库服务器。 3.yum是什么？yum是Yellowdog Updater Modified 的缩写，翻译过来就是Yellowdog 更新修改，完全没有搞懂这个翻译到底是什么意思，查下百度百科吧！yum是一个在Fedora、Redhat以及CentOS中的shell前端软件包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能够从指定的服务器自下载rpm包并且安装，可以自动处理包依赖关系，并且能够一次安装所有所依赖的软件包，无需频繁的一次次下载安装。看了百度的解释，我们应该知道yum是什么了吧！简单说就是基于rpm包的前端管理工具，它可以帮我们解决包与包的依赖关系。 4.yum的工作机制。yum是c/s架构的工作机制，服务端提供rpm仓库，客户端根据服务端提供的仓库，通过特定协议去服务端下载所需要的包来进行安装。第一次去服务端，它会把服务端的仓库元数据缓存到本地，这样就不需要每次下载都去服务端查询。所谓仓库的元数据就是记录着该仓库有哪些包，包名，包与包的依赖关系等一些数据。每次要装包的时候，yum会去看看本地缓存的元数据，有没有需要的包的信息，如果有，他们会把相应的包以及所依赖的包一并去服务端下载下来，一并安装。 二、仓库的搭建 了解了以上的基本概念，下面我们开始来搭建rpm仓库吧 1.创建目录结构 [root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /rpm/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
mkdir: created directory `/rpm'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os'
mkdir: created directory `/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64'
说明：本次实验是在centos6或centos7平台架构是x86_64的系统上来创建的目录 2.上传包 [root@test ~]$cd /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
[root@test x86_64]$pwd
/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64
[root@test x86_64]$mv /root/samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm /root/vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm .
[root@test x86_64]$cd ../../../7/os/x86_64/
[root@test x86_64]$pwd
/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64
[root@test x86_64]$mv /root/tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm /root/samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm .
说明： 上传了4个包，在/rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/ 放了samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm和vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm两个包，在/rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64放了samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm和tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm两个包，本人先是把包传到服务器，然后移动到相应的目录里。 3.创建元数据 首先要检查自己的服务器有没有装createrepo这个工具 [root@test x86_64]$rpm -q createrepo
package createrepo is not installed
如果没有就安装 [root@test x86_64]$yum install -y createrepo
创建仓库元数据 [root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@test ~]$createrepo /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/
Spawning worker 0 with 2 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/6/os/x86_64/
total 5368
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 5331428 Sep 8 16:02 samba-3.6.23-41.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 159332 Sep 8 16:02 vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@test ~]$ll /rpm/centos/7/os/x86_64/
total 732
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 8 16:18 repodata
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 647996 Sep 8 16:04 samba-4.6.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--+ 1 root root 91820 Sep 8 16:04 tomcat-7.0.76-2.el7.noarch.rpm
说明：可以看到在两个仓库下各自生成了一个repodata的目录，这里说一下，要确定仓库的路径就是要看repodata这个目录的父目录是什么，repodata目录所在的父目录就是仓库的路径。 4.在客户端编写repo配置文件 [root@test ~]$cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@test yum.repos.d]$ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@test yum.repos.d]$mkdir repo_bak
[root@test yum.repos.d]$mv *.repo repo_bak
[root@test yum.repos.d]$ls
repo_bak
说明：本人采用的是客户端服务端在同一台设备上，为了不受其他repo配置文件的干扰，我们把以前的repo文件全部移动到另外一个备份目录里，然后在/etc/yum.repo.d/ 下创建一个repo文件。 [my_base]
name=this is test repo
baseurl=file:///rpm/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
说明：创建一个.repo的文件，将以上内容添加到该文件，解释一下这个文件的内容，第一个中括号里表示仓库的名字，通常这个名字可以顺便起，一般不建议里面带空格，name=表示仓库的简要说明，baseurl= 表示仓库的路径，也就是repodata所在的目录的父目录，gpgcheck=0表示不检查包的gpg验证，若gpgcheck=1表示要验证。添加以上内容我们客户端就可以根据以上定义的baseurl去服务器仓库里找相应的包。 5.在客户端清除yum缓存，查看仓库列表 [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Cleaning repos: my_base
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@test yum.repos.d]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Determining fastest mirrors
my_base | 2.9 kB 00:00 ...
my_base/primary_db | 6.0 kB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
my_base this is test repo 2
repolist: 2
说明：可以看到我们刚才配置的仓库信息，repo id 就是我们刚才在repo文件中写的，也可看到里面有2个包。看到以上信息就表示rpm仓库在客户端上的配置成功了。 6.装包验证 [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
vsftpd x86_64 2.2.2-24.el6 my_base 156 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 156 k
Installed size: 340 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : vsftpd-2.2.2-24.el6.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-24.el6
Complete!
说明：本人以两个包作为例子来演示搭建rpm的过程，可能装这个包还有其他依赖包，但是仓库里面没有其他依赖，可能会出现报错的情况。 以上就是本地搭建repo仓库的过程。 下面我再说下如何搭建网络rpm仓库 1.先安装httpd web服务器 [root@test yum.repos.d]$yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Setting up Install Process
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00
epel | 5.3 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.2.15-69.el6.centos base 836 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 836 k
Installed size: 3.0 M
Downloading Packages:
httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 836 kB 00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : httpd-2.2.15-69.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos
Complete!
说明：httpd默认工作路径在/var/www/html/ 下，也就是放html网页代码的地方。 2.在httpd 的工作路径下 创建目录结构 [root@test ~]$mkdir -pv /var/www/html/centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os'
mkdir: created directory `/var/www/html/centos/7/os/x86_64'
3.挂载安装光盘到相应的位置 [root@test ~]$mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected,mounting read-only
说明：我这里只挂载了centos6的一个安装光盘，centos7下面的目录也可以使用同样的方式挂载centos7的安装光盘，这里用centos6作为演示。这里还要说一下安装光盘本身就有repodata目录，我们这里就不需要再创建元数据信息。 4.开启httpd [root@test ~]$/etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for test
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name,using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[ OK ]
5.客户端配置repo文件 [my_base]
name=this is test repo
baseurl=http://127.0.0.1/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
说明：这里只需要把仓库的路径改成以http的协议方式去获取，当然为了不受其他yum源的影响，本次实验我们也要把其他的repo文件放在一个备份目录。 6.客户端清除yum缓存，并查看仓库列表 [root@test x86_64]$yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Cleaning repos: my_base
Cleaning up Everything
[root@test x86_64]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Determining fastest mirrors
my_base | 4.0 kB 00:00
my_base/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:00
repo id repo name status
my_base this is test repo 6,575
repolist: 6,575
说明：可以看到刚才搭建的仓库成功的出现在仓库列表中了。 7.安装一个包，验证仓库 [root@test ~]$yum install java -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless = 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjli.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjava.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjli.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjava.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgif.so.4()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libawt.so()(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tzdata-java >= 2014f-1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: jpackage-utils for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64
---> Package xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: ttmkfdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: mkfontdir for package: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6 will be installed
---> Package ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6 will be installed
---> Package tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libfontenc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXfont.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 will be installed
---> Package libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
java-1.8.0-openjdk x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 188 k
Installing for dependencies:
giflib x86_64 4.1.6-3.1.el6 my_base 37 k
java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 my_base 32 M
jpackage-utils noarch 1.7.5-3.14.el6 my_base 60 k
libXfont x86_64 1.4.5-4.el6_6 my_base 137 k
libfontenc x86_64 1.0.5-2.el6 my_base 24 k
ttmkfdir x86_64 3.0.9-32.1.el6 my_base 43 k
tzdata-java noarch 2015e-1.el6 my_base 176 k
xorg-x11-font-utils x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 my_base 75 k
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 noarch 7.2-11.el6 my_base 520 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 10 Package(s)
Total download size: 33 M
Installed size: 104 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/10): ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00
(2/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 188 kB 00:00
(3/10): jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch.rpm | 60 kB 00:00
(4/10): tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 176 kB 00:00
(5/10): java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64.rpm | 32 MB 00:00
(6/10): xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 75 kB 00:00
(7/10): libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm | 137 kB 00:00
(8/10): xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch.rpm | 520 kB 00:00
(9/10): giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 37 kB 00:00
(10/10): libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 24 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 33 MB/s | 33 MB 00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 1/10
Installing : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 2/10
Installing : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 3/10
Installing : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 4/10
Installing : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 5/10
Installing : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 6/10
Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 7/10
Installing : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 8/10
Installing : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 9/10
Installing : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : ttmkfdir-3.0.9-32.1.el6.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 2/10
Verifying : jpackage-utils-1.7.5-3.14.el6.noarch 3/10
Verifying : tzdata-java-2015e-1.el6.noarch 4/10
Verifying : 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless-1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6.x86_64 5/10
Verifying : 1:xorg-x11-font-utils-7.2-11.el6.x86_64 6/10
Verifying : libXfont-1.4.5-4.el6_6.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : xorg-x11-fonts-Type1-7.2-11.el6.noarch 8/10
Verifying : giflib-4.1.6-3.1.el6.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : libfontenc-1.0.5-2.el6.x86_64 10/10
Installed:
java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6
Dependency Installed:
giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-3.1.el6 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.45-35.b13.el6 jpackage-utils.noarch 0:1.7.5-3.14.el6
libXfont.x86_64 0:1.4.5-4.el6_6 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.0.5-2.el6 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-32.1.el6
tzdata-java.noarch 0:2015e-1.el6 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.2-11.el6 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.2-11.el6
Complete!
到此网络rpm仓库就搭建完毕！！ （编辑：李大同） 【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |