asp.net – 使用Web Api,SignalR,MVC和OWIN的Ninject

我在我的Web应用程序中使用了Ninject DI,其中包含来自Asp.Net堆栈(MVC,Web Api 2,SignalR)的一堆技术.

我已设法通过以下方法使DI适用于所有正在使用的技术：

public static class NinjectWebCommon 
{
    private static readonly Bootstrapper bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();

    /// <summary>
    /// Starts the application
    /// </summary>
    public static void Start() 
    {
        DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(OnePerRequestHttpModule));
        DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(NinjectHttpModule));
        bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Stops the application.
    /// </summary>
    public static void Stop()
    {
        bootstrapper.ShutDown();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
    internal static IKernel CreateKernel()
    {
        var kernel = new StandardKernel();

        kernel.Bind<Func<IKernel>>().ToMethod(ctx => () => new Bootstrapper().Kernel);
        kernel.Bind<IHttpModule>().To<HttpApplicationInitializationHttpModule>();

        RegisterServices(kernel);

        return kernel;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Load your modules or register your services here!
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
    private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
    {
        GlobalHost.DependencyResolver = new Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Ninject.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);
        DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel));

        // Binding services here
    }        
}

到现在为止还挺好.

所有这一切都在使用Global.asax初始化的Web Api.

现在我正在切换到OWIN管道.所以我删除了GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);来自Global.asax并补充说

HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
WebApiConfig.Register(config);
app.UseWebApi(config);

到我的OwinStartup课程. DI用于Web Api停止工作.

我开始寻找合适的解决方案,并找到了Ninject.Web.WebApi.OwinHost包.因此,为了让所有技术都有一个内核解析依赖关系,我做了以下更改：

在OwinStartup：

app.UseNinjectMiddleware(NinjectWebCommon.CreateKernel);
app.UseNinjectWebApi(config);

在NinjectWebCommon中：

//[assembly: WebActivatorEx.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(App.TradingServer.ConfiguratorApp.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon),"Start")]
//[assembly: WebActivatorEx.ApplicationShutdownMethodAttribute(typeof(App.TradingServer.ConfiguratorApp.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon),"Stop")]

这些行被禁用以避免两次初始化内核.

这个固定DI用于Web Api,但不适用于SignalR.当客户端尝试连接到集线器时,我得到以下异常：

System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
   at Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.PersistentConnection.ProcessNegotiationRequest(HostContext context)
   at Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.PersistentConnection.ProcessRequest(HostContext context)
   at Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Hubs.HubDispatcher.ProcessRequest(HostContext context)
   at Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.PersistentConnection.ProcessRequest(IDictionary`2 environment)
   at Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Owin.Middleware.HubDispatcherMiddleware.Invoke(IOwinContext context)
   at Microsoft.Owin.Infrastructure.OwinMiddlewareTransition.Invoke(IDictionary`2 environment)
   at Microsoft.Owin.Mapping.MapMiddleware.<Invoke>d__0.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult()
   at System.Web.Http.Owin.HttpMessageHandlerAdapter.<InvokeCore>d__0.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult()
   at Ninject.Web.Common.OwinHost.OwinBootstrapper.<Execute>d__1.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult()
   at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContextStage.<RunApp>d__5.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.GetResult()
   at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContext.<DoFinalWork>d__2.MoveNext()
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.Infrastructure.ErrorState.Rethrow()
   at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.StageAsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult ar)
   at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContext.EndFinalWork(IAsyncResult ar)
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.AsyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
   at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step,Boolean& completedSynchronously) | RuntimeMethodInfo.UnsafeInvokeInternal => RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod => Application.Application_Error

我有点迷茫.我读过两篇文章,但没有一篇给我解决方案.非常感谢任何帮助.

我的最终目标是拥有一个服务于Web Api,MVC和SignalR的内核,并支持OWIN管道.

编辑：由于我得到一个评论,我的案件可能与另一个问题重复,我相信我需要给出一些解释.

我有三个场景.

>使用GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register)在Global.asax中进行WebApi初始化,使用NinjectWebCommon和Bootstrapper进行Ninject初始化.

这给了我注入WebApi和SignalR.但由于我想将WebApi初始化移动到OWIN启动,这种方法已经过时了.
>使用OWIN启动进行WebApi初始化,使用NinjectWebCommon和Bootstrapper进行Ninject初始化.

SignalR注入工作,WebApi注入不起作用.
>使用OWIN启动进行WebApi初始化,使用UseNinjectMiddleware进行Ninject初始化,使用UseNinjectWebApi.

WebApi注入工作,SignalR注入不起作用.

所以基本上我需要弄清楚如何把它放在一起,这样当我在OWIN管道上初始化WebApi时,WebApi和SignalR注入都能正常工作.

NinjectWebCommon的代码在下面是原始问题.它包含用于创建SignalR解析器的代码,但在方案3中没有帮助.

编辑2：经过几个小时的试错法后,我得出了一个调用的结论

app.UseNinjectMiddleware(NinjectWebCommon.CreateKernel);
app.UseNinjectWebApi(config);

与此电话冲突：

GlobalHost.DependencyResolver = new Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Ninject.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);

所以问题描述对此缩小了.当我使用以下模式时,SignalR停止工作：

public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
    HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
    WebApiConfig.Register(config);

    app.UseNinjectMiddleware(CreateKernel);
    app.UseNinjectWebApi(config);

    GlobalHost.HubPipeline.AddModule(new GlobalSignalRExceptionHandler());
    app.MapSignalR();
}


private static IKernel CreateKernel()
{
    var kernel = new StandardKernel();

    GlobalHost.DependencyResolver = new Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Ninject.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);
    DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new Ninject.Web.Mvc.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel));

    return kernel;
}

但如果我评论这条线

//GlobalHost.DependencyResolver = new Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Ninject.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);

SignalR再次开始工作.但当然没有在集线器内注入.

//app.UseNinjectMiddleware(NinjectWebCommon.CreateKernel);
//app.UseNinjectWebApi(config);

public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)
{
    ConfigureOAuth(app);

    HttpConfiguration config = new HttpConfiguration();
    WebApiConfig.Register(config);
    app.UseCors(Microsoft.Owin.Cors.CorsOptions.AllowAll);

    NinjectWebCommon.Start();
    config.DependencyResolver = new NinjectDependencyResolver(NinjectWebCommon.bootstrapper.Kernel);
    app.UseWebApi(config);

    app.MapSignalR();
}

public static class NinjectWebCommon 
{
    private static bool _isStarted;

    internal static readonly Bootstrapper bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();

    /// <summary>
    /// Starts the application
    /// </summary>
    public static void Start() 
    {
        // When creating OWIN TestService instances during unit tests
        // Start() method might be called several times
        // This check ensures that Ninject kernel is initialized only once per process
        if (_isStarted)
            return;

        _isStarted = true;

        bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
    internal static IKernel CreateKernel()
    {
        var kernel = new StandardKernel();
        RegisterServices(kernel);
        return kernel;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Load your modules or register your services here!
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
    private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
    {
        // DI for SignalR
        GlobalHost.DependencyResolver = new Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Ninject.NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);
        // DI for MVC
        DependencyResolver.SetResolver(new NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel));

        // Binding code here
        kernel.Bind<Something>().ToSelf().InSingletonScope();
    }        
}