Python中的递归关系

Jean-Fran?ois关于浮点累积误差的观点是正确的.但是,分数模块似乎无法将多个Fraction对象相乘,因此必须在fraction对象中声明所有数值.感谢他为这个问题使用正确的模块.

确切的答案

import math
import fractions

def printRecurrence():
    x = [0]*51 #initialize list of x values
    x[0] = fractions.Fraction(1,1)
    x[1] = fractions.Fraction(1,3)
    for i in range(1,50):
        x[i+1] = fractions.Fraction(13*x[i]/3) - fractions.Fraction(4*x[i-1]/3)
        print(float(x[i+1]),3**(-(i+1)),x[i+1]-(3)**(-(i+1)))

printRecurrence()

打印输出显示计算与证明答案完全匹配.

不精确但有启发性的答案

十进制模块允许自定义级别的精度;要达到50次迭代,需要60点或更高的精度.

import math
from decimal import *
getcontext().prec = 60

def printRecurrence():
    x = [0]*51 #initialize list of x values
    x[0] = Decimal(1)
    x[1] = Decimal(1)/Decimal(3)
    for i in range(1,50):
        x[i+1] = (Decimal(13)/Decimal(3))*x[i] - (Decimal(4)/Decimal(3))*x[i-1]
        print(float(x[i+1]),float(x[i+1]-Decimal(3)**(-(i+1))))

printRecurrence()

和Jean-Fran?ois的答案一样,我打印了结果,计算出的值为3 ** – n和差异.可以使用精度级别getcontext().prec来查看对结果的影响.

0.222222222211 0.222222222211 -1e-60
0.037037037037 0.037037037037 -4e-60
0.0123456790123 0.0123456790123 -1.57e-59
0.00411522633745 0.00411522633745 -6.243e-59
0.00137174211248 0.00137174211248 -2.4961e-58
0.000457247370828 0.000457247370828 -9.984e-58
0.000152415790276 0.000152415790276 -3.993577e-57
5.08052634253e-05 5.08052634253e-05 -1.59742978e-56
1.69350878084e-05 1.69350878084e-05 -6.38971879e-56
5.64502926948e-06 5.64502926948e-06 -2.5558875048e-55
1.88167642316e-06 1.88167642316e-06 -1.02235500146e-54
6.27225474386e-07 6.27225474386e-07 -4.08942000567e-54
2.09075158129e-07 2.09075158129e-07 -1.63576800226e-53
6.96917193763e-08 6.96917193763e-08 -6.54307200905e-53
2.32305731254e-08 2.32305731254e-08 -2.61722880362e-52
7.74352437514e-09 7.74352437514e-09 -1.04689152145e-51
2.58117479171e-09 2.58117479171e-09 -4.18756608579e-51
8.60391597238e-10 8.60391597238e-10 -1.67502643432e-50
2.86797199079e-10 2.86797199079e-10 -6.70010573727e-50
9.55990663597e-11 9.55990663597e-11 -2.68004229491e-49
3.18663554532e-11 3.18663554532e-11 -1.07201691796e-48
1.06221184844e-11 1.06221184844e-11 -4.28806767185e-48
3.54070616147e-12 3.54070616147e-12 -1.71522706874e-47
1.18023538716e-12 1.18023538716e-12 -6.86090827496e-47
3.93411795719e-13 3.93411795719e-13 -2.74436330998e-46
1.3113726524e-13 1.3113726524e-13 -1.09774532399e-45
4.37124217466e-14 4.37124217466e-14 -4.39098129597e-45
1.45708072489e-14 1.45708072489e-14 -1.75639251839e-44
4.85693574962e-15 4.85693574962e-15 -7.02557007356e-44
1.61897858321e-15 1.61897858321e-15 -2.81022802942e-43
5.39659527735e-16 5.39659527735e-16 -1.12409121177e-42
1.79886509245e-16 1.79886509245e-16 -4.49636484708e-42
5.99621697484e-17 5.99621697484e-17 -1.79854593883e-41
1.99873899161e-17 1.99873899161e-17 -7.19418375532e-41
6.66246330538e-18 6.66246330538e-18 -2.87767350213e-40
2.22082110179e-18 2.22082110179e-18 -1.15106940085e-39
7.40273700597e-19 7.40273700597e-19 -4.60427760341e-39
2.46757900199e-19 2.46757900199e-19 -1.84171104136e-38
8.22526333997e-20 8.22526333997e-20 -7.36684416545e-38
2.74175444666e-20 2.74175444666e-20 -2.94673766618e-37
9.13918148886e-21 9.13918148886e-21 -1.17869506647e-36
3.04639382962e-21 3.04639382962e-21 -4.71478026589e-36
1.01546460987e-21 1.01546460987e-21 -1.88591210636e-35
3.38488203291e-22 3.38488203291e-22 -7.54364842542e-35
1.12829401097e-22 1.12829401097e-22 -3.01745937017e-34
3.76098003645e-23 3.76098003657e-23 -1.20698374807e-33
1.25366001171e-23 1.25366001219e-23 -4.82793499227e-33
4.17886668798e-24 4.1788667073e-24 -1.93117399691e-32
1.39295549185e-24 1.3929555691e-24 -7.72469598763e-32