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(一)1.如何绘制散点图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.array(
range
(
100
))
y?
=?
np.sin(x)
?
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()
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可以看到类似于正弦曲线一样的点
?
(一)2.如何给散点图加上样式
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.array(
range
(
0
,?
100
,?
5
))
y?
=?
3?
*?
x?
+?
2
?
plt.scatter(x,y,s
=
100
,c
=
"green"
,marker
=
"<"
,alpha
=
0.1
)
?
plt.show()
|
?
(二)1.如何绘制折线图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.linspace(
-
1
,?
1
,?
100
)
y?
=?
x?
*
*?
2
?
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
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?
?
(二)2.如何给折线图加上样式
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.linspace(
-
10
,?
10
,?
20
)
y?
=?
x?
*
*?
2
z?
=?
x?
*?
2?
+?
1
?
plt.plot(x,linestyle
=
"-"
,color
=
"green"
,marker
=
"o"
)
plt.plot(x,z,linestyle
=
"--"
,color
=
"red"
,marker
=
"<"
)
?
plt.show()
|
?
(三)1.如何绘制条形图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
?
plt.bar(x
=
[
0
,?
2
,?
3
,?
4
,?
5
],height
=
[
11
,?
22
,?
33
,?
44
,?
55
,?
66
])
plt.show()
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(三)2.如何给条形图加上样式
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
plt.bar(x
=
[
0
,
????????
height
=
[
11
,?
66
],
????????
color
=
"green"
,
????????
width
=
0.2
)
?
plt.show()
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(三)3.如何绘制横向的条形图
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
plt.bar(x
=
0
,
????????
bottom
=
[
0
,
????????
width
=
[
11
,
????????
color
=
"green"
,
????????
height
=
0.2
,
????????
orientation
=
"horizontal"
)
plt.show()
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(四)1.如何绘制直方图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
mu?
=?
100
sigma?
=?
20
x?
=?
mu?
+?
sigma?
*?
np.random.randn(
2000
)
?
plt.hist(x,bins
=
30
,density
=
True
)
plt.show()
|
?
?(四)2.如何绘制双变量直方图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.random.randn(
1000
)
+
2
y?
=?
np.random.randn(
1000
)
+
3
?
?
plt.hist2d(x,bins
=
40
)
?
plt.show()
|
?
(五)1.如何绘制饼图
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
labels?
=?
[
"satori"
,?
"mashiro"
,?
"nagisa"
]
fracs?
=?
[
40
,?
30
,?
30
]
?
plt.pie(x
=
fracs,labels
=
labels)
plt.show()
|
细心地哲学♂家可能回好奇，为什么是一个椭圆，这是因为我们这里少了一句话
而且每一块上面光秃秃的，每个部分都贴在了一块，也不好看，我们也可以设置一些参数，让其变得好看一些
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
labels?
=?
[
"satori"
,?
30
]
?
plt.axes(aspect
=
1
)
|
|
1
|
plt.pie(x
=
fracs,labels
=
labels,autopct
=
"%.0f%%"
,explode
=
[
0.01
,?
0.02
,?
0
]) plt.show()
|
?
?
?
?
?
?(六)1.如何绘制箱形图
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import?
numpy as np
?
np.random.seed(
100
)
data?
=?
np.random.normal(
0
,size
=
1000
)
?
plt.boxplot(data,sym
=
"<"
,whis
=
1.5
)
plt.show()
|
?
?
(七)颜色和样式
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蓝色?
-?
‘b‘
?
绿色?
-?
‘g‘
?
红色?
-?
‘r‘
?
青色?
-?
‘c‘
?
品红?
-?
‘m‘
?
黄色?
-?
‘y‘
?
黑色?
-?
‘k‘?
?
白色?
-?
‘w‘
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‘.‘???????
point marker
‘,‘???????
pixel marker
‘o‘???????
circle marker
‘v‘???????
triangle_down marker
‘^‘???????
triangle_up marker
‘<‘???????
triangle_left marker
‘>‘???????
triangle_right marker
‘1‘???????
tri_down marker
‘2‘???????
tri_up marker
‘3‘???????
tri_left marker
‘4‘???????
tri_right marker
‘s‘???????
square marker
‘p‘???????
pentagon marker
‘*‘???????
star marker
‘h‘???????
hexagon1 marker
‘H‘???????
hexagon2 marker
‘+‘???????
plus marker
‘x‘???????
x marker
‘D‘???????
diamond marker
‘d‘???????
thin_diamond marker
‘|‘???????
vline marker
‘_‘???????
hline marker
|
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‘-‘?
solid line style
‘--‘?
dashed line style
‘-.‘?
dash
-
dot line style
‘:‘?
dotted line style
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输入样式的时候还有一个简便的方法，cx--,c是青色，x是点的样式，--是线的样式
?
(八)1.如何绘制子图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
0
,?
5
)
?
fig?
=?
plt.figure()
?
s1?
=?
fig.add_subplot(
221
)
s2?
=?
fig.add_subplot(
222
)
s3?
=?
fig.add_subplot(
223
)
s4?
=?
fig.add_subplot(
224
)
y1?
=?
np.exp(x)
y2?
=?
np.sin(x)
y3?
=?
np.cos(x)
y4?
=?
x?
*
*?
2
?
s1.plot(x,y1,?
"cx--"
)
s2.plot(x,y2,?
"bo-."
)
s3.plot(x,y3,?
"g<--"
)
s4.plot(x,y4,?
"y>-."
)
?
fig.show()
|
?
(八)2.如何绘制子图
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
0
,?
5
)
?
plt.subplot(
221
)
plt.plot(x,np.exp(x))
plt.subplot(
222
)
plt.plot(x,np.sin(x))
plt.subplot(
223
)
plt.plot(x,np.cos(x))
plt.subplot(
224
)
plt.plot(x,x
*
*
2
)
?
plt.show()
|
?
(九)如何绘制网格
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
0
,?
5
)
?
plt.grid(x,color
=
"green"
)
plt.plot(x,x,?
"cx--"
)
plt.show()
|
?
(十)如何给图像带上标记
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.linspace(-1,1,100)
y1 = np.sin(x)
y2 = np.cos(x)
y3 = np.tan(x)
# 加上需要的标签label
plt.plot(x,label="np.sin")
plt.plot(x,label="np.cos")
plt.plot(x,label="np.tan")
# 必须加上这句话，否则标签不显示
# legend里面还有一个location参数，可以指定位置
# 以及ncol可以指定要标签分几列显示
plt.legend()
plt.show()
?
?
?
?(十一)调整坐标轴范围
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
-
100
,?
100
)
y?
=?
3?
*?
x?
+?
1
?
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.axis([
-
10
,?
-
100
,?
100
])
plt.show()
|
?
(十二)调整坐标轴刻度
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
1
,?
10
)
?
plt.plot(x,x)
?
ax?
=?
plt.gca()
ax.locator_params(nbins
=
20
)
?
plt.show()
|
?
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import?
matplotlib as mpl
import?
datetime
?
start?
=?
datetime.date(
2016
,?
1
)
end?
=?
datetime.date(
2017
,?
1
)
timedelta?
=?
datetime.timedelta(days
=
1
)
?
date?
=?
mpl.dates.drange(start,end,timedelta)
y?
=?
np.random.rand(
len
(date))
?
ax?
=?
plt.gca()
plt.plot_date(date,y)
?
date_format?
=?
mpl.dates.DateFormatter(
"%Y-%m-%d"
)
?
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(date_format)
?
plt.show()
|
?
(十三)如何添加坐标轴
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
2
,?
20
,?
1
)
?
y1?
=?
x
y2?
=?
np.log(x)
?
fig?
=?
plt.figure()
?
ax1?
=?
fig.add_subplot(
111
)
?
ax1.plot(x,y1)
ax1.set_ylabel(
"mashiro"
)
?
ax2?
=?
ax1.twinx()
?
ax2.plot(x,y2)
ax2.set_ylabel(
"satori"
)
?
fig.show()
|
?
?
(十四)添加注释
?
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
-
10
,?
11
)
?
y?
=?
x?
*
*?
2
?
plt.plot(x,y)
?
?
plt.annotate(
"my name is satori"
,
?????????????
xy
=
(
0
,?
5
),??
?????????????
xytext
=
(
0
,?
20
),??
?????????????
arrowprops
=
{
"facecolor"
:?
"r"
,??
?????????????????????????
"headlength"
:?
10
,??
?????????????????????????
"headwidth"
:?
30
,??
?????????????????????????
"width"
:?
20??
?????????????????????????
}
?????????????
)
?
plt.show()
|
(十五)如何绘制3D图形
?
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import?
numpy as np
from?
mpl_toolkits.mplot3d?
import?
Axes3D as A3
?
fig?
=?
plt.figure()
ax?
=?
A3(fig)
x?
=?
np.arange(
-
4
,?
0.2
)
y?
=?
np.arange(
-
4
,?
0.2
)
x,y?
=?
np.meshgrid(x,y)
z?
=?
np.power(x,?
2
)?
+?
np.power(y,?
2
)
plt.title(
"satori"
)
?
ax.plot_surface(x,rstride
=
1
,
????????????????
cstride
=
1
,
????????????????
cmap
=
plt.cm.CMRmap,
????????????????
alpha
=
0.4
)
ax.set_xlabel(
‘x_label‘
,color
=
‘r‘
)
ax.set_ylabel(
‘y_label‘
,color
=
‘g‘
)
ax.set_zlabel(
‘z_label‘
,color
=
‘b‘
)
?
plt.show()
|
?
?
如何解决中文乱码问题
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import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
plt.rcParams[
‘font.sans-serif‘
]?
=?
[
‘SimHei‘
]?
plt.rcParams[
‘axes.unicode_minus‘
]?
=?
False???
|
?解决子图重合问题
plt.tight_layout()
?
?
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import?
numpy as np
import?
matplotlib.pyplot as plt
?
x?
=?
np.arange(
1
,?
100
)
y?
=?
2?
*?
x
?
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xlim(
10
,?
30
)
plt.ylim(
20
,?
60
)
?
ax?
=?
plt.gca()
ax.locator_params(
"x"
,nbins
=
40
)
?
plt.xticks(rotation
=
60
)
plt.show()
|
?
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