如何编写生成器类?
我看到很多生成器函数的例子,但我想知道如何为类编写生成器.可以说,我想把斐波纳契系列写成一个类.
class Fib: def __init__(self): self.a,self.b = 0,1 def __next__(self): yield self.a self.a,self.b = self.b,self.a+self.b f = Fib() for i in range(3): print(next(f)) 输出: <generator object __next__ at 0x000000000A3E4F68> <generator object __next__ at 0x000000000A3E4F68> <generator object __next__ at 0x000000000A3E4F68> 为什么值self.a没有打印?另外,我如何为发电机编写单元测试? 解决方法
你几乎就在那里,编写一个Iterator类(我在答案的最后显示一个Generator),但每次用next调用对象时都会调用__next__,返回一个生成器对象.相反,使用__iter__: >>> class Fib: ... def __init__(self): ... self.a,1 ... def __iter__(self): ... while True: ... yield self.a ... self.a,self.a+self.b ... >>> f = iter(Fib()) >>> for i in range(3): ... print(next(f)) ... 0 1 1 要使类本身成为迭代器: class Fib: def __init__(self): self.a,1 def __next__(self): return_value = self.a self.a,self.a+self.b return return_value def __iter__(self): return self 现在: >>> f = iter(Fib()) >>> for i in range(3): ... print(next(f)) ... 0 1 1
这是您的原始代码和我的评论: class Fib: def __init__(self): self.a,1 def __next__(self): yield self.a # yield makes .__next__() return a generator! self.a,self.a+self.b f = Fib() for i in range(3): print(next(f)) 因此,每次调用next(f)时,都会得到__next__返回的生成器对象: <generator object __next__ at 0x000000000A3E4F68> <generator object __next__ at 0x000000000A3E4F68> <generator object __next__ at 0x000000000A3E4F68>
您仍然需要为Generator实现send和throw方法 from collections import Iterator,Generator import unittest class Test(unittest.TestCase): def test_Fib(self): f = Fib() self.assertEqual(next(f),0) self.assertEqual(next(f),1) self.assertEqual(next(f),2) #etc... def test_Fib_is_iterator(self): f = Fib() self.assertIsInstance(f,Iterator) def test_Fib_is_generator(self): f = Fib() self.assertIsInstance(f,Generator) 现在: >>> unittest.main(exit=False) ..F ====================================================================== FAIL: test_Fib_is_generator (__main__.Test) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>",line 7,in test_Fib_is_generator AssertionError: <__main__.Fib object at 0x00000000031A6320> is not an instance of <class 'collections.abc.Generator'> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 3 tests in 0.001s FAILED (failures=1) <unittest.main.TestProgram object at 0x0000000002CAC780> 所以让我们实现一个生成器对象,并利用collections模块中的Generator抽象基类(参见其implementation的源代码),这意味着我们只需要实现send和throw – 给我们close,__ iter __(返回self)和__next__ (与.send(无)相同)免费(见Python data model on coroutines): class Fib(Generator): def __init__(self): self.a,1 def send(self,ignored_arg): return_value = self.a self.a,self.a+self.b return return_value def throw(self,type=None,value=None,traceback=None): raise StopIteration 并使用上述相同的测试: >>> unittest.main(exit=False) ... ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 3 tests in 0.002s OK <unittest.main.TestProgram object at 0x00000000031F7CC0> Python 2 ABC Generator仅在Python 3中.为了在没有Generator的情况下执行此操作,除了上面定义的方法之外,我们还需要编写至少close,__iter__和__next__. class Fib(object): def __init__(self): self.a,traceback=None): raise StopIteration def __iter__(self): return self def next(self): return self.send(None) def close(self): """Raise GeneratorExit inside generator. """ try: self.throw(GeneratorExit) except (GeneratorExit,StopIteration): pass else: raise RuntimeError("generator ignored GeneratorExit") 请注意,我直接从Python 3 standard library中复制了一下,没有修改. (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |