Python内置函数―vars的具体使用方法

#不带参数功能和locals函数一样
>>> v1 = vars()
>>> l1 = locals()
>>> v1
{'__name__': '__main__','__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>,'v1': {...},'l1': {...},'__spec__': None,'__doc__': None,'__package__': None,'__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>}
>>> l1
{'__name__': '__main__','__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>}

#作用于模块
>>> import time
>>> vars(time)
{'gmtime': <built-in function gmtime>,'tzname': ('Öйú±ê׼ʱ¼ä','ÖйúÏÄÁîʱ'),'timezone': -28800,'struct_time': <class 'time.struct_time'>,'ctime': <built-in function ctime>,'perf_counter': <built-in function perf_counter>,'mktime': <built-in function mktime>,'localtime': <built-in function localtime>,'time': <built-in function time>,'__package__': '','altzone': -32400,'clock': <built-in function clock>,'strptime': <built-in function strptime>,'monotonic': <built-in function monotonic>,'__loader__': <class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>,'get_clock_info': <built-in function get_clock_info>,'sleep': <built-in function sleep>,'process_time': <built-in function process_time>,'__name__': 'time','_STRUCT_TM_ITEMS': 9,'__spec__': ModuleSpec(name='time',loader=<class '_frozen_importlib.BuiltinImporter'>,origin='built-in'),'__doc__': 'This module provides various functions to manipulate time values.nnThere are two standard representations of time. One is the numbernof seconds since the Epoch,in UTC (a.k.a. GMT). It may be an integernor a floating point number (to represent fractions of seconds).nThe Epoch is system-defined; on Unix,it is generally January 1st,1970.nThe actual value can be retrieved by calling gmtime(0).nnThe other representation is a tuple of 9 integers giving local time.nThe tuple items are:n year (including century,e.g. 1998)n month (1-12)n day (1-31)n hours (0-23)n minutes (0-59)n seconds (0-59)n weekday (0-6,Monday is 0)n Julian day (day in the year,1-366)n DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1,0 or 1)nIf the DST flag is 0,the time is given in the regular time zone;nif it is 1,the time is given in the DST time zone;nif it is -1,mktime() should guess based on the date and time.nnVariables:nntimezone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local standard timenaltzone -- difference in seconds between UTC and local DST timendaylight -- whether local time should reflect DSTntzname -- tuple of (standard time zone name,DST time zone name)nnFunctions:nntime() -- return current time in seconds since the Epoch as a floatnclock() -- return CPU time since process start as a floatnsleep() -- delay for a number of seconds given as a floatngmtime() -- convert seconds since Epoch to UTC tuplenlocaltime() -- convert seconds since Epoch to local time tuplenasctime() -- convert time tuple to stringnctime() -- convert time in seconds to stringnmktime() -- convert local time tuple to seconds since Epochnstrftime() -- convert time tuple to string according to format specificationnstrptime() -- parse string to time tuple according to format specificationntzset() -- change the local timezone','strftime': <built-in function strftime>,'asctime': <built-in function asctime>,'daylight': 0}

#作用于类
>>> vars(slice)
mappingproxy({'__ne__': <slot wrapper '__ne__' of 'slice' objects>,'__getattribute__': <slot wrapper '__getattribute__' of 'slice' objects>,'__reduce__': <method '__reduce__' of 'slice' objects>,'start': <member 'start' of 'slice' objects>,'indices': <method 'indices' of 'slice' objects>,'__ge__': <slot wrapper '__ge__' of 'slice' objects>,'stop': <member 'stop' of 'slice' objects>,'__eq__': <slot wrapper '__eq__' of 'slice' objects>,'step': <member 'step' of 'slice' objects>,'__hash__': None,'__doc__': 'slice(stop)nslice(start,stop[,step])nnCreate a slice object. This is used for extended slicing (e.g. a[0:10:2]).','__repr__': <slot wrapper '__repr__' of 'slice' objects>,'__le__': <slot wrapper '__le__' of 'slice' objects>,'__gt__': <slot wrapper '__gt__' of 'slice' objects>,'__new__': <built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x6A91B420>,'__lt__': <slot wrapper '__lt__' of 'slice' objects>})

#作用于类实例
>>> class A(object):
  pass

>>> a.__dict__
{}
>>> vars(a)
{}
>>> a.name = 'Kim'
>>> a.__dict__
{'name': 'Kim'}
>>> vars(a)
{'name': 'Kim'}

#vars() 
 
print(vars()) 
 
class Foo: 
  a = 1 
print(vars(Foo)) 
 
foo = Foo() 
print(vars(foo)) 

{'Foo': <class '__main__.Foo'>,'B': <class '__main__.B'>,'__name__': '__main__',...
{'__module__': '__main__','a': 1,'__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Foo' objects>,'__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Foo' objects>,'__doc__': None}
{}