简单实现python收发邮件功能
今天记录一下如何使用python收发邮件,知识要点在python内置的poplib和stmplib模块的使用上。 1. 准备工作 首先,我们需要有一个测试邮箱,我们使用新浪邮箱,而且要进行如下设置: 在新浪邮箱首页的右上角找到设置->更多设置,然后在左边选择“客户端/pop/imap/smtp”: 最后,将Pop3/smtp服务的服务状态打开即可: 2. poplib接收邮件 首先,介绍一下poplib登录邮箱和下载邮件的一些接口: self.popHost = 'pop.sina.com' self.smtpHost = 'smtp.sina.com' self.port = 25 self.userName = 'xxxxxx@sina.com' self.passWord = 'xxxxxx' self.bossMail = 'xxxxxx@qq.com' 我们需要如上一些常量,用于指定登录邮箱以及pop,smtp服务器及端口。我们调用poplib的POP3_SSL接口可以登录到邮箱。 # 登录邮箱 def login(self): try: self.mailLink = poplib.POP3_SSL(self.popHost) self.mailLink.set_debuglevel(0) self.mailLink.user(self.userName) self.mailLink.pass_(self.passWord) self.mailLink.list() print u'login success!' except Exception as e: print u'login fail! ' + str(e) quit() 在登录邮箱的时候,很自然,我们需要提供用户名和密码,如上述代码所示,使用非常简单。 def list(self,which=None): """Request listing,return result. Result without a message number argument is in form ['response',['mesg_num octets',...],octets]. Result when a message number argument is given is a single response: the "scan listing" for that message. """ if which is not None: return self._shortcmd('LIST %s' % which) return self._longcmd('LIST') 我们看到list方法的注释,其中文意思是,list方法有一个默认参数which,其默认值为None,当调用者没有给出参数时,该方法会列出所有邮件的信息,其返回形式为 [response,['msg_number,octets',octets],其中,response为响应结果,msg_number是邮件编号,octets为8位字节单位。我们看一看具体例子: # 获取邮件 def retrMail(self): try: mail_list = self.mailLink.list()[1] if len(mail_list) == 0: return None mail_info = mail_list[0].split(' ') number = mail_info[0] mail = self.mailLink.retr(number)[1] self.mailLink.dele(number) subject = u'' sender = u'' for i in range(0,len(mail)): if mail[i].startswith('Subject'): subject = mail[i][9:] if mail[i].startswith('X-Sender'): sender = mail[i][10:] content = {'subject': subject,'sender': sender} return content except Exception as e: print str(e) return None poplib获取邮件内容的接口是retr方法。其需要一个参数,该参数为要获取的邮件编号。下面是retr方法的定义: def retr(self,which): """Retrieve whole message number 'which'. Result is in form ['response',['line',octets]. """ return self._longcmd('RETR %s' % which) 我们看到注释,可以知道,retr方法可以获取指定编号的邮件的全部内容,其返回形式为[response,octets],可见,邮件的内容是存储在返回的tuple的第二个元素中,其存储形式为一个数组。我们测试一下,该数组是怎么样的。 我们可以看到,这个数组的存储形式类似于一个dict!于是,我们可以据此找到任何我们感兴趣的内容。例如,我们的示例代码是要找到邮件的主题以及发送者,就可以按照上面的代码那样编写。当然,你也可以使用正则匹配~~~ 下面是测试结果: 嗯...大家可以自己试一下。 3. smtp发送邮件 和pop一样,使用smtp之前也要先给它提供一些需要的常量: self.mail_box = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpHost,self.port) self.mail_box.login(self.userName,self.passWord) 上面是使用smtp登录邮箱的代码,和pop类似。下面给出使用smtp发送邮件的代码,你会看到python是多么的简单优美! # 发送邮件 def sendMsg(self,mail_body='Success!'): try: msg = MIMEText(mail_body,'plain','utf-8') msg['Subject'] = mail_body msg['from'] = self.userName self.mail_box.sendmail(self.userName,self.bossMail,msg.as_string()) print u'send mail success!' except Exception as e: print u'send mail fail! ' + str(e) 这就是python用smtp发送邮件的代码!很简单有木有!很方便有木有!很通俗易懂有木有!这里主要就是sendmail这个方法,指定发送方,接收方和邮件内容就可以了。还有MIMEText可以看它的定义如下: class MIMEText(MIMENonMultipart): """Class for generating text/* type MIME documents.""" def __init__(self,_text,_subtype='plain',_charset='us-ascii'): """Create a text/* type MIME document. _text is the string for this message object. _subtype is the MIME sub content type,defaulting to "plain". _charset is the character set parameter added to the Content-Type header. This defaults to "us-ascii". Note that as a side-effect,the Content-Transfer-Encoding header will also be set. """ MIMENonMultipart.__init__(self,'text',_subtype,**{'charset': _charset}) self.set_payload(_text,_charset) 看注释~~~ 这就是一个生成指定内容,指定编码的MIME文档的方法而已。顺便看看sendmail方法吧~~~ def sendmail(self,from_addr,to_addrs,msg,mail_options=[],rcpt_options=[]): """This command performs an entire mail transaction. The arguments are: - from_addr : The address sending this mail. - to_addrs : A list of addresses to send this mail to. A bare string will be treated as a list with 1 address. - msg : The message to send. - mail_options : List of ESMTP options (such as 8bitmime) for the mail command. - rcpt_options : List of ESMTP options (such as DSN commands) for all the rcpt commands. 嗯...使用smtp发送邮件的内容大概就这样了。 4. 源码及测试 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from email.mime.text import MIMEText import poplib import smtplib class MailManager(object): def __init__(self): self.popHost = 'pop.sina.com' self.smtpHost = 'smtp.sina.com' self.port = 25 self.userName = 'xxxxxx@sina.com' self.passWord = 'xxxxxx' self.bossMail = 'xxxxxx@qq.com' self.login() self.configMailBox() # 登录邮箱 def login(self): try: self.mailLink = poplib.POP3_SSL(self.popHost) self.mailLink.set_debuglevel(0) self.mailLink.user(self.userName) self.mailLink.pass_(self.passWord) self.mailLink.list() print u'login success!' except Exception as e: print u'login fail! ' + str(e) quit() # 获取邮件 def retrMail(self): try: mail_list = self.mailLink.list()[1] if len(mail_list) == 0: return None mail_info = mail_list[0].split(' ') number = mail_info[0] mail = self.mailLink.retr(number)[1] self.mailLink.dele(number) subject = u'' sender = u'' for i in range(0,len(mail)): if mail[i].startswith('Subject'): subject = mail[i][9:] if mail[i].startswith('X-Sender'): sender = mail[i][10:] content = {'subject': subject,'sender': sender} return content except Exception as e: print str(e) return None def configMailBox(self): try: self.mail_box = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpHost,self.port) self.mail_box.login(self.userName,self.passWord) print u'config mailbox success!' except Exception as e: print u'config mailbox fail! ' + str(e) quit() # 发送邮件 def sendMsg(self,mail_body='Success!'): try: msg = MIMEText(mail_body,'utf-8') msg['Subject'] = mail_body msg['from'] = self.userName self.mail_box.sendmail(self.userName,msg.as_string()) print u'send mail success!' except Exception as e: print u'send mail fail! ' + str(e) if __name__ == '__main__': mailManager = MailManager() mail = mailManager.retrMail() if mail != None: print mail mailManager.sendMsg() 上述代码先登录邮箱,然后获取其第一封邮件并删除之,然后获取该邮件的主题和发送方并打印出来,最后再发送一封成功邮件给另一个bossMail邮箱。 测试结果如下: 好的,大家可以把上面的代码复制一下,自己玩一下呗 以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持编程小技巧。 (编辑:李大同) 【声明】本站内容均来自网络,其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点,不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利,请及时与联系站长删除相关内容! |