Python2是过去式了！花一个礼拜整理的Python3 常用模块都在这！

发布时间：2020-12-17 01:18:36 所属栏目：Python 来源：网络整理

导读：div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:14px;line-height:inherit;font-family:helvetica,Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',simsun;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(89,89,89);"div class="wrap1 sclearfix" style="margin:

</table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">%a Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.%A Locale’s full weekday name.

%b Locale’s abbreviated month name.

%B Locale’s full month name.

%c Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.

%d Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].

%H Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].

%I Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].

%j Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].

%m Month as a decimal number [01,12].

%M Minute as a decimal number [00,59].

%p Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. (1)

%S Second as a decimal number [00,61]. (2)

%U Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. (3)

%w Weekday as a decimal number [0 (Sunday),6].

%W Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. (3)

%x Locale’s appropriate date representation.

%X Locale’s appropriate time representation.

%y Year without century as a decimal number 00,99 ].

%Y Year with century as a decimal number.

%z Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC /GMT of the form + HHMM or - HHMM,where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [ - 23:59,+ 23:59 ].

%Z Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists) .

%% A literal '%' character.

格式化字符串的时间格式

</td></tr></table>其中计算机认识的时间只能是'时间戳'格式，而程序员可处理的或者说人类能看懂的时间有: '格式化的时间字符串'，'结构化的时间' ，于是有了下图的转换关系

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">#--------------------------按图1转换时间# localtime ([secs])

# 将一个时间戳转换为当前时区的 structtime。secs 参数未提供，则以当前时间为准。
time.localtime ()
time.localtime (1473525444.037215)
# gmtime ([secs]) 和localtime()方法类似，gmtime () 方法是将一个时间戳转换为UTC时区（0时区）的struct time。

# mktime(t) : 将一个 struct_time 转化为时间戳。

# strftime (format[,t]) : 把一个代表时间的元组或者struct_time（如由time.localtime ()和 # time. gmtime () 返回）转化为格式化的时间字符串。如果t未指定，将传入time.localtime ()。如果元组中任何一个

# 元素越界，ValueError 的错误将会被抛出。

# time. strptime (string[,format])

# 把一个格式化时间字符串转化为 struct_time 。实际上它和strftime ()是逆操作。

#time.struct_time (tm_year=2011,tm_mon = 5,tm_mday = 5,tm_hour = 16,tm_min = 37,tm_sec = 6,

# tm_wday = 3,tm_yday = 125,tm_isdst = -1)

#在这个函数中，format 默认为："%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y" 。

</td></tr></table>

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">#--------------------------按图2转换时间# asctime([t]) : 把一个表示时间的元组或者struct_ time 表示为这种形式：'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993 '。

# 如果没有参数，将会将time.localtime ()作为参数传入。

print (time.asctime() ) #Sun Sep 11 00:43:43 2016

# ctime ([secs]) : 把一个时间戳（按秒计算的浮点数）转化为time.asctime()的形式。如果参数未给或者为

# None的时候，将会默认 time.time ()为参数。它的作用相当于time.asctime (time.localtime(secs))。

print (time.ctime()) # Sun Sep 11 00:46:38 2016

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">1 #--------------------------其他用法2 # sleep(secs)

3 # 线程推迟指定的时间运行，单位为秒。

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">#时间加减import datetime

# print (datetime.datetime.now()) #返回 2016-08-19 12 : 47 : 03.941925

#print (datetime.date.fromtimestamp (time .time () ) ) # 时间戳直接转成日期格式 2016-08-19

# print (datetime.datetime.now() )

#

# c_time = datetime.datetime.now ()

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import randomprint (random.random())#(0,1)----float 大于0且小于1之间的小数

item = [1,3,5,7,9]

random.shuffle (item) #打乱item的顺序,相当于"洗牌"

print (item)

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import randomdef make_code (n):

res=''

for i in range(n):

s1 = chr (random.randint(65,90))

s2 = str (random.randint(0,9))

res += random.choice([s1,s2])

return res

print (make_code(9))

生成随机验证码

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">os.getcwd() 获取当前工作目录，即当前python脚本工作的目录路径os.chdir ("dirname") 改变当前脚本工作目录；相当于 shell下cd

os.curdir 返回当前目录: ('.')

os.makedirs ('dirname1/dirname2') 可生成多层递归目录

os.removedirs ('dirname1') 若目录为空，则删除，并递归到上一级目录，如若也为空，则删除，依此类推

os.mkdir ('dirname') 生成单级目录；相当于shell中mkdir dirname

os.rmdir ('dirname') 删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除，报错；相当于shell中rmdir dirname

os.listdir ('dirname') 列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件，并以列表方式打印

os.remove () 删除一个文件

os.stat ( 'path/filename') 获取文件/目录信息

os.sep 输出操作系统特定的路径分隔符，win下为" ",Linux下为 "/"

os.linesep 输出当前平台使用的行终止符，win下为" tn ",Linux下为 "n"

os.pathsep 输出用于分割文件路径的字符串 win下为;,Linux 下为:

os.name 输出字符串指示当前使用平台。win- >'nt'; Linux- >'posix'

os.system ("bash command") 运行shell命令，直接显示

os.environ 获取系统环境变量

os.path.split (path) 将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回

os.path.dirname (path) 返回path的目录。其实就是os.path.split (path)的第一个元素

os.path.basename (path) 返回path最后的文件名。如何path以／或结尾，那么就会返回空值。即os. path . split (path)的第二个元素

os.path.exists (path) 如果path存在，返回 True；如果 path不存在，返回 False

os.path.isfile (path) 如果 path 是一个存在的文件，返回True。否则返回False

os.path.isdir (path) 如果 path 是一个存在的目录，则返回 True。否则返回 False

os.path.join (path1[,path2[,...]]) 将多个路径组合后返回，第一个绝对路径之前的参数将被忽略

os. path.getatime (path) 返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后存取时间

os.path.getmtime (path) 返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后修改时间

os.path.getsize (path) 返回path的大小

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">在Linux和Mac平台上，该函数会原样返回 path，在windows 平台上会将路径中所有字符转换为小写，并将所有斜杠转换为饭斜杠。>>> os.path.normcase ('c:/windowssystem32')

'c : windowssystem32'

规范化路径，如..和/

>>> os.path.normpath ('c://windows System32 ../ Temp /')

'c:windowsTemp'

>>> a= '/Users/jieli /test1/a1/aa.py/../..'

>>> print (os.path.normpath(a))

/Users /jieli/test1

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">os路径处理#方式一：推荐使用

import os

#具体应用

import os,sys

possible_topdir = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(

os.path.abspath (file),

os.pardir,#上一级

os.pardir,

os.pardir

))

sys.path.insert (0,possible_topdir)

#方式二：不推荐使用

os.path.dirname (os.path.dirname (os .path. dirname (os.path. abspath (file) )))

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">sys.argv 命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径sys.exit (n) 退出程序，正常退出时exit(0)

sys.version 获取 Python 解释程序的版本信息

sys.maxint 最大的 Int 值

sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">#=========知识储备==========#进度条的效果

[# ]

[## ]

[### ]

[#### ]

#指定宽度

print ('[%-15s]' %'#')

print ('[%-15s]' %'##')

print ('[%-15s]' %'###')

print ('[%-15s]' %'####')

#打印%

#可传参来控制宽度

print ('[%%-%ds]' %50) #[%-50s]

print (('[%%-%ds]' %50) %'#')

print (('[%%-%ds]' %50) %'##')

print (('[%%-%ds]' %50) %'###')

#=========实现打印进度条函数==========

import sys

import time

def progress (percent,width=50):

if percent >= 1:

percent = 1

show_str = ('[%%-%ds]' %width) % (int(widthpercent)'#')

print ('r%s %d%%' %(show_str,int (100percent) ),file = sys . stdout,flush = True,end='')
#=========应用==========
data_size= 1025
recv_size= 0
while recv_size < data_size:
time.sleep (0.1) #模拟数据的传输延迟
recv_size+= 1024 #每次收1024
percent = recv_size/data_size #接收的比例
progress (percent,width=70) #进度条的宽度70
优化版本：
def progress (percent,width=50):
if percent > 1:
percent = 1
show_str = ('[%%-%ds]' %width) % (int(widthpercent) '#')
print( 'r%s %d%%' % (show_str,int(100percent)),end='')

import time

recv_size = 0

total_size = 100

while recv_size < total_size:

time.sleep (0.1)

recv_size += 1

percent = recv_size / total_size

progress (percent)

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.copyfileobj (open('old.xml','r'),open ('new . xml','w'))

拷贝文件

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">shutil.copyfile ('f1.log','f2.log') #目标文件无需存在</td></tr></table>shutil.copymode(src,dst)

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">Hello World!shutil.copymode ('f1.log','f2.log') #目标文件必须存在</td></tr></table>shutil.copystat(src,dst)

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">shutil.copystat ('f1.log','f2.log') #目标文件必须存在</td></tr></table>shutil.copy(src,dst)

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.copy ('f1.log','f2.log')

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.copy2('f1.log','f2.log')

</td></tr></table>shutil.ignorepatterns(*patterns)
shutil.copytree(src,dst,symlinks=False,ignore=None)
递归的去拷贝文件夹
<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.copytree ('folder1','folder2',ignore = shutil .ignore patterns ('.pyc','tmp')) #目标目录不能存在，注意对 folder2目录父级目录要有可写权限，ignore 的意思是排除

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.copytree ('f1','f2',symlinks=True,ignore = shutil.ignore_patterns('.pyc','tmp' ) )

'''

通常的拷贝都把软连接拷贝成硬链接，即对待软连接来说，创建新的文件

'''

拷贝软链接

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.rmtree('folder1')

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import shutilshutil.move('folder1','folder3')

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">#将 /data 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录import shutil

ret = shutil.make_archive ("databak",'gztar',root dir= '/data')

#将 /data下的文件打包放置 /tmp/目录

import shutil

z = zipfile.ZipFile ('laxi.zip','w')

z.write ('a.log')

z.write ('data.data')

z.close()

# 解压

z = zipfile.ZipFile ('laxi.zip','r')

z.extractall (path='.')

z.close()

zipfile压缩解压缩

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import tarfile# 压缩

>>> t=tarfile.open ('/tmp/egon.tar','w')

>>> t.add ('/test1/a.py',arcname='a.bak')

>>> t.add ('/test1/b.py',arcname='b.bak')

>>> t.close ()

# 解压

>>> t=tarfile.open ('/tmp/egon.tar','r')

>>> t.extractall ('/egon')

>>> t.close ()

tarfile 压缩解压缩

之前我们学习过用eval内置方法可以将一个字符串转成python对象，不过，eval方法是有局限性的，对于普通的数据类型，json.loads和eval都能用，但遇到特殊类型的时候，eval就不管用了,所以eval的重点还是通常用来执行一个字符串表达式，并返回表达式的值。

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import jsonx= "[null,true,false,1]"

print (json.loads(x))

我们把对象(变量)从内存中变成可存储或传输的过程称之为序列化，在Python中叫pickling，在其他语言中也被称之为serialization，marshalling，flattening等等，都是一个意思。

序列化之后，不仅可以把序列化后的内容写入磁盘，还可以通过网络传输到别的机器上，如果收发的双方约定好实用一种序列化的格式，那么便打破了平台/语言差异化带来的限制，实现了跨平台数据交互。

json

如果我们要在不同的编程语言之间传递对象，就必须把对象序列化为标准格式，比如XML，但更好的方法是序列化为JSON，因为JSON表示出来就是一个字符串，可以被所有语言读取，也可以方便地存储到磁盘或者通过网络传输。JSON不仅是标准格式，并且比XML更快，而且可以直接在Web页面中读取，非常方便。

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import jsondic = {'k1':'v1','k2':'v2','k3':'v3'}

str_dic = json.dumps(dic) #序列化：将一个字典转换成一个字符串

#注意， json 转换完的字符串类型的字典中的字符串是由""表示的

dic2 = json.loads (str_dic) #反序列化：将一个字符串格式的字典转换成一个字典

#注意，要用 json 的loads功能处理的字符串类型的字典中的字符串必须由""表示

list_dic = [1,['a','b','c'],{'k1': 'v1','k2' :'v2'} ]

list_dic2 = json.loads (str_dic)

loads 和 dumps

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import jsonf = open ('json_file','w')

dic = {'k1':'v1','k3':'v3'}

json.dump (dic,f) #dump方法接收一个文件句柄，直接将字典转换成 json 字符串写入文件

f.close ()

f = open ('json_file')

dic2 = json.load (f) #load 方法接收一个文件句柄，直接将文件中的json字符串转换成数据结构返回

f.close ()

print (type(dic2),dic2)

load 和 dump

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import json#dct= "{'1':111}"#json 不认单引号

#dct=str ({"1":111}) #报错,因为生成的数据还是单引号:{'one': 1}

dct ='{"1":"111"}'

print (json.loads(dct))

#conclusion:

# 无论数据是怎样创建的，只要满足json格式，就可以json.loads出来,不一定非要 dumps的数据才能 loads

注意点

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import pickledic = {'name':'alvin','age':23,'sex':'male'}

print (type(dic))#<class 'dict'>

j= pickle.dumps (dic)

print(type(j)) #<class 'bytes'>

f=open ('序列化对象_pickle','wb')#注意是w是写入str,wb 是写入 bytes,j是 'bytes'

f.write (j) #-------------------等价于pickle.dump (dic,f)

f.close ()

#-------------------------反序列化

import pickle

f=open ('序列化对象_pickle','rb')

data = pickle.loads (f.read())# 等价于data = pickle .load (f)

print ( data['age'] )

</td></tr></table>Pickle的问题和所有其他编程语言特有的序列化问题一样，就是它只能用于Python，并且可能不同版本的Python彼此都不兼容，因此，只能用Pickle保存那些不重要的数据，不能成功地反序列化也没关系。

七、logging模块

日志级别

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">CRITICAL = 50 #FATAL = CRITICALERROR = 40

WARNING = 30 #WARN = WARNING

INFO = 20

DEBUG = 10

NOTSET = 0 #不设置

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import logginglogging.debug ('调试debug')

logging.info ('消息info')

logging.warning ('警告warn')

logging.error ('错误error')

logging.critical ('严重critical')

'''

WARNING:root: 警告 warn

ERROR:root :错误 error

CRITICAL:root: 严重 critical

'''

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">可在 logging.basicConfig ( ) 函数中通过具体参数来更改 logging 模块默认行为，可用参数有filename ：用指定的文件名创建 FiledHandler（后边会具体讲解 handler 的概念），这样日志会被存储在指定的文件中。

filemode：文件打开方式，在指定了 filename 时使用这个参数，默认值为“a”还可指定为“w”。

format：指定 handler 使用的日志显示格式。

datefmt：指定日期时间格式。

level：设置 rootlogger（后边会讲解具体概念）的日志级别

stream：用指定的 stream 创建 StreamHandler 。可以指定输出到 sys.stderr,sys.stdout 或者文件，默认为sys.stderr。若同时列出了 filename 和 stream 两个参数，则 stream 参数会被忽略。

#格式

%(name)s：Logger 的名字，并非用户名，详细查看

%(levelno)s：数字形式的日志级别

%(levelname)s：文本形式的日志级别

%(pathname)s：调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有

%(filename)s：调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名

%(module)s：调用日志输出函数的模块名

%(funcName)s：调用日志输出函数的函数名

%(lineno)d：调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行

%(created)f：当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮点数表示

%(relativeCreated) d：输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以来的毫秒数

%(asctime)s：字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒

%(thread)d：线程ID。可能没有

%(threadName)s：线程名。可能没有

%(process)d：进程ID。可能没有

%(message)s：用户输出的消息

format参数中可能用到的格式化串：

%(name)s Logger的名字

%(levelno)s 数字形式的日志级别

%(levelname)s 文本形式的日志级别

%(pathname)s 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名，可能没有

%(module)s 调用日志输出函数的模块名

%(funcName)s 调用日志输出函数的函数名

%(lineno)d 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行

%(created)f 当前时间，用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮点数表示

%(relativeCreated)d 输出日志信息时的，自Logger创建以来的毫秒数

%(asctime)s 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒

%(thread)d 线程ID。可能没有

%(threadName)s 线程名。可能没有

%(process)d 进程ID。可能没有

%(message)s用户输出的消息

#========使用

import logging

logging.basicConfig (filename='access.log',

datefmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',

level = 10)

logging.debug ('调试debug')

logging.info ('消息info')

logging.warning ('警告warn')

logging.error ('错误error')

logging.critical ('严重critical')

#========结果

access.log内容:

2017-07-28 20:32:17 PM - root - DEBUG -test: 调试debug

part2: 可以为logging 模块指定模块级的配置,即所有logger的配置

原理图：

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">logger：产生日志的对象Filter:过滤日志的对象

Handler:接收日志然后控制打印到不同的地方，FileHandler用来打印到文件中，StreamHandler 用来打印到终端

Formatter 对象：可以定制不同的日志格式对象，然后绑定给不同的 Handler 对象使用，以此来控制不同的Handler 的日志格式

'''

critical=50

error =40

warning =30

info = 20

debug =10

'''

import logging

#1、logger对象：负责产生日志，然后交给 Filter 过滤，然后交给不同的Handler输出

logger = logging.getLogger (file)

#2、Filter 对象：不常用，略

#3、Handler 对象：接收 logger 传来的日志，然后控制输出

h1=logging.FileHandler ('t1.log') #打印到文件

h2=logging.FileHandler ('t2.log') #打印到文件

h3=logging.StreamHandler () # 打印到终端

#4、Formatter对象：日志格式

#5、为 Handler 对象绑定格式

h1.setFormatter (formmater1)

h2.setFormatter (formmater2)

h3.setFormatter (formmater3)

#6、将Handler添加给 logger 并设置日志级别

logger.addHandler (h1)

logger.addHandler (h2)

logger.addHandler (h3)

logger.setLevel (10)

#7、测试

logger.debug ('debug')

logger.info ('info')

logger.warning ('warning')

logger.error ('error')

logger.critical ('critical')

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">Logger is also the first to filter the message based on a level — if you set the logger to INFO,and all handlers to DEBUG,you still won't receive DEBUG messages on handlers — they'll be rejected by the logger itself. If you set logger to DEBUG,but all handlers to INFO,you won't receive any DEBUG messages either — because while the logger says "ok,process this",the handlers reject it (DEBUG < INFO).#验证

import logging

ch=logging.StreamHandler ()

ch.setFormatter (form)

# ch.setLevel (10)

ch.setLevel (20)

l1=logging.getLogger ('root')

# l1.setLevel (20)

l1.setLevel (10)

l1.addHandler (ch)

l1.debug ('l1 debug')

重要，重要，重要！！！

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import loggingformatter=logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s: %(message)s',

datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p',)

ch=logging.StreamHandler()

ch.setFormatter(formatter)

logger1=logging.getLogger('root')

logger2=logging.getLogger('root.child1')

logger3=logging.getLogger('root.child1.child2')

logger1.addHandler(ch)

logger2.addHandler(ch)

logger3.addHandler(ch)

logger1.setLevel(10)

logger2.setLevel(10)

logger3.setLevel(10)

logger1.debug('log1 debug')

logger2.debug('log2 debug')

logger3.debug('log3 debug')

'''

了解即可

"""

import os

import logging.config

# 定义三种日志输出格式开始

standard_format = '[%(asctime)s] [%(threadName)s: %(thread)d] [task_id:%(name)s] [%(filename)s: % (lineno)d]'

'[%(levelname)s] [%(message)s]' # 其中name为getlogger指定的名字

simple_format = '[%(levelname)s] [%(asctime)s] [%(filename)s: %(lineno)d] %(message)s'

id_simple_format = '[%(levelname)s] [%(asctime)s] %(message)s'

# 定义日志输出格式结束

logfile_dir = os.path.dirname (os.path.abspath(file)) # log文件的目录

logfile_name = 'all2.log' # log文件名

# 如果不存在定义的日志目录就创建一个

if not os.path.isdir (logfile_dir):

os.mkdir (logfile_dir)

# log文件的全路径

# log配置字典

LOGGING_DIC = {

'version': 1,

'disable_existing_loggers': False,

'formatters': {

'standard': {

'format': standard_format

},

'simple': {

'format': simple_format

},

'filters': {},

'handlers': {

#打印到终端的日志

'console': {

'level': 'DEBUG',

'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',# 打印到屏幕

'formatter': 'simple'

},

#打印到文件的日志,收集info及以上的日志

'default': {

'level': 'DEBUG',

'class': 'logging.handlers. RotatingFileHandler',# 保存到文件

'formatter': 'standard',

'filename': logfilepath,# 日志文件
'maxBytes': 102410245,# 日志大小 5M
'backupCount': 5,
'encoding': 'utf-8',# 日志文件的编码，再也不用担心中文log乱码了
},
'loggers': {
#logging.getLogger (name)拿到的logger配置
'': {
'handlers': ['default','console'],# 这里把上面定义的两个handler都加上，即log数据既写入文件又打印到屏幕
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': True,# 向上（更高level的logger）传递
},
}
def load my_logging_cfg ():

if name = = 'main':

load_mylogging cfg ()

logging 配置文件

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">"""MyLogging Test

"""

import time

import logging

import my_logging # 导入自定义的logging配置

def demo():

logger.info ("中文测试开始。。。")

for i in range(10):

logger.debug ("i:{}".format(i))

time.sleep(0.2)

else:

logger.info("中文测试结束。。。")

if name == "main":

my_logging.load_my_logging_cfg() # 在你程序文件的入口加载自定义logging配置

demo ()

应用

</td></tr></table><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">注意注意注意：#1、有了上述方式我们的好处是：所有与 logging 模块有关的配置都写到字典中就可以了，更加清晰，方便管理

#2、我们需要解决的问题是：

1、从字典加载配置：logging.config.dictConfig ( settings .LOGGING_DIC)

2、拿到logger对象来产生日志

按照我们对 logging 模块的理解，要想获取某个东西都是通过名字，也就是key来获取的

于是我们要获取不同的 logger 对象就是

但问题是：如果我们想要不同 logger名的 logger对象都共用一段配置，那么肯定不能在 loggers子字典中定义n个key

'loggers': {

'l1': {

'handlers': ['default',#

'level': 'DEBUG',

'l2: {

'handlers': ['default','console' ],

'level': 'DEBUG',

'propagate': False,

'l3': {

'handlers': ['default',

}

#我们的解决方式是，定义一个空的key

'loggers': {

'': {

'handlers': ['default',

}

这样我们再取logger对象时

logging. getLogger (name)，不同的文件name不同，这保证了打印日志时标识信息不同，但是拿着该名字去 loggers里找 key名时却发现找不到，于是默认使用key =''的配置

!!!关于如何拿到 logger 对象的详细解释！！！

<table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">#loggingconfig.pyLOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable existing_loggers': False,

'formatters': {

'standard': {

'format': '[%(asctime)s] [%(threadName)s :% (thread) d] [task_id:%(name)s] [%(filename)s :% (lineno)d]'

'[%(levelname)s] [%(message)s]'

},

'simple': {

'format': '[%(levelname)s] [%(asctime)s] [%( filename)s: %(lineno)d] %(message)s'

},

'collect': {

'format': '%(message)s'

}

},

'filters': {

'require_debug_true': {

'()' : 'django.utils .log. RequireDebugTrue',

'filters': ['require_debug_true'],

'class' : 'logging .StreamHandler',

'formatter': 'simple'

},收集info及以上的日志

'default': {

'level': 'INFO',# 保存到文件，自动切

'maxBytes': 1024 1024 5,# 日志大小 5M

'backupCount': 3,

'formatter': 'standard',

'error': {

'level': 'ERROR',

#打印到文件的日志

'collect': {

'level': 'INFO',"xxx_collect.log"),

'maxBytes': 1024 1024 5,

'formatter': 'collect',

'encoding': "utf-8"

}

},'console','error'],

#logging.getLogger ('collect')拿到的logger配置

'collect': {

'handlers': ['console','collect'],

'level': 'INFO',

}

},

}

# -----------

# 用法:拿到俩个logger

collect_logger = logging.getLogger ("collect") #领导说,需要为领导们单独定制领导们看的日志

</td></tr></table><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">排版有点差，各位看官请谅解！

（编辑：李大同）

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<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:14px;line-height:inherit;font-family:helvetica,Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',simsun;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(89,89,89);"><div class="wrap1 sclearfix" style="margin:5px auto;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:0px;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;width:1000px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"><div class="center" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><div class="container-main" style="margin:0px auto 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;float:left;width:700px;"><div class="article-detail" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><div class="article-content" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:18px;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(93,93,93);"><div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1.5;vertical-align:baseline;"><table style="margin:0px auto 10px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-spacing:0px;"><tbody style="margin:0px;padding:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><tr class="firstRow" style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-top:0px;font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;"><td style="margin:0px;padding:5px;border-color:rgb(218,218,218);font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;">import time#--------------------------我们先以当前时间为准,让大家快速认识三种形式的时间

print (time.time()) # 时间戳 :1487130156.419527

print (time.gmtime()) #UTC时区的 struct_time

</td></tr>