python豆瓣多线程爬虫加IP代理（免费的一般是不稳定）

最近研究了一下python爬虫，所以写一下自己的经验，爬取豆瓣电影的信息。（第一次写这个！）

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1，首先找一些代理用户代理（user_agent）

self.user_agent = [
 "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)","Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)","Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML,like Gecko,Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)","Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML,Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0","Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5","Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20","Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",]

2.找了一个获取代理ip的网址

www.kuaidaili.com/ops/proxyli…

3.测试代理ip是否有效的网址

'http://icanhazip.com'

4.下面代码是爬取信息所用的时间。

# 计算运行所需的时间
def run_time(func):
 def wrapper(*args,**kw):
 start = time.time()
 func(*args,**kw)
 end = time.time()
 print('running',end-start,'s')
 return wrapper

5.定义一些常量

def __init__(self):
 # 豆瓣链接
 self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'
 # 获取代理IP链接,不能确保代理ip真实可用
 self.getProxy = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/1/'
 # 测试代理IP是否代理成功
 self.testIP = 'http://icanhazip.com'
 # 爬取豆瓣信息的队列
 self.qurl = Queue()
 # 爬取代理ip信息的队列
 self.IPQurl = Queue()
 self.data = list()
 self.item_num = 5 # 限制每页提取个数（也决定了二级页面数量）防止对网页请求过多
 self.thread_num = 10 # 抓取二级页面线程数量
 self.first_running = True
 # 设置代理ip
 self.proxy = {}
 # 设置获取代理ip的代理ip
 self.proxy1 = {}
 # 不设置代理ip
 self.notproxy = {}
 self.user_agent = [
 "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",]

6.爬取代理ip的信息放入队列里，方便爬取豆瓣信息时获取。

def get_proxy(self):
 url = self.getProxy
 try:
 # random.choice(self.user_agent)是随机获取一个用户代理。
 # 因为免费的代理ip不稳定所以这里设置self.notproxy，如果稳定的话就换成self.proxy1
 r = requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=1)
 r.encoding = 'utf-8'
 if (r.status_code == 200):
 soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content,'html.parser')
 ip_list = soup.find_all('table',id='ip_list')
 if(len(ip_list)):
 tr_list = ip_list[0].find_all('tr')[1:10]
 for i in tr_list:
 td_list = i.find_all('td')
 temp = td_list[5].text + ',' + td_list[1].text + ':' +td_list[2].text
 self.IPQurl.put(temp)
 return True
 else:
 print('页面查询不到该id')
 return False
 else:
 print('无法获取代理ip')
 return False
 except Exception as e:
 print('获取代理ip出错--',str(e))
 return False

7.设置代理ip的值

def set_proxy(self):
 if self.IPQurl.empty():
 if self.get_proxy():
 arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')
 arr1 = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')
 if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:
 self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr[1]}
 else:
 self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr[1]}
 if arr1[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:
 self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr1[1]}
 else:
 self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr1[1]}
 else:
 self.proxy = {}
 self.proxy1 = {}
 else:
 arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')
 if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:
 self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}
 else:
 self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}

8.开始爬取豆瓣top250数据的链接。

def parse_first(self,url):
 print('crawling,parse_first',url)
 self.set_proxy()
 try:
 # 因为免费的代理ip不稳定所以这里设置self.notproxy，如果稳定的话就换成self.proxy
 r = requests.get(url,timeout=5)
 r.encoding = 'utf-8'
 if r.status_code == 200:
 soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content,'html.parser')
 # 每一页爬数据条数
 movies = soup.find_all('div',class_='info')[:self.item_num]
 for movie in movies:
 url = movie.find('div',class_='hd').a['href']
 self.qurl.put(url)
 nextpage = soup.find('span',class_='next').a
 if nextpage:
 nexturl = self.start_url + nextpage['href']
 self.parse_first(nexturl)
 else:
 self.first_running = False
 else:
 print('ip被屏蔽')
 self.proxy = {}
 self.proxy1 = {}
 self.first_running = False
 except Exception as e:
 self.proxy = {}
 self.proxy1 = {}
 self.first_running = False
 print('代理ip代理失败--',str(e))

9.是时候爬取真正的信息了，爬取的信息写入数组里面。

def parse_second(self):
 # 停止触发的条件是self.first_running = False和self.qurl为空。
 while self.first_running or not self.qurl.empty():
 if not self.qurl.empty():
 url = self.qurl.get()
 print('crawling,parse_second',url)
 self.set_proxy()
 try:
 r = requests.get(url,'html.parser')
 mydict = {}
 mydict['url'] = url
 title = soup.find('span',property = 'v:itemreviewed')
 mydict['title'] = title.text if title else None
 duration = soup.find('span',property = 'v:runtime')
 mydict['duration'] = duration.text if duration else None
 addtime = soup.find('span',property = 'v:initialReleaseDate')
 mydict['addtime'] = addtime.text if addtime else None
 average = soup.find('strong',property = 'v:average')
 mydict['average'] = average.text if average else None
 imgSrc = soup.find_all('div',id='mainpic')[0].img['src']
 mydict['imgSrc'] = imgSrc if imgSrc else None
 mydict['play'] = []
 ul = soup.find_all('ul',class_='bs')
 if len(ul):
 li = ul[0].find_all('li')
 for i in li:
 obj = {
 'url':urllib.parse.unquote(i.a['href'].replace('https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=','')),'text':i.a.text.replace(' ','').replace('
','')
 }
 mydict['play'].append(obj)
 self.data.append(mydict)
 # 线程随机休眠
 time.sleep(random.random() * 5)
 else:
 print('ip被屏蔽')
 except Exception as e:
 self.proxy = {}
 self.proxy1 = {}
 print('代理ip代理失败2--',str(e))

10.真正要运行的函数是这里。

#这个是函数运行完所需要的时间
 @run_time
 def run(self):
 ths = []
 th1 = Thread(target=self.parse_first,args=(self.start_url,))
 th1.start()
 ths.append(th1)
 for _ in range(self.thread_num):
 th = Thread(target=self.parse_second,)
 th.setDaemon(True)
 th.start()
 ths.append(th)
 for th in ths:
 # 等待线程终止
 th.join()
 s = json.dumps(self.data,ensure_ascii=False,indent=4)
 with open('top250.json','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
 f.write(s)
 print('Data crawling is finished.')

11.开始运行啦。

if __name__ == '__main__':
 Spider().run()

12.最后运行完啦。这里只爬取了50条数据，用了20秒。

爬取出来的数据格式是这样子的。

13.最后附上所有代码，希望能帮到你。

import time
import json
import random
import logging
import requests
import urllib.parse
from queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
logging.captureWarnings(True)
# 爬豆瓣电影 Top 250
# 计算运行所需的时间
def run_time(func):
 def wrapper(*args,'s')
 return wrapper
class Spider():
 def __init__(self):
 self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'
 # 获取代理IP链接,不能确保代理ip真实可用
 self.getProxy = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/1/'
 # 测试代理IP是否代理成功
 self.testIP = 'http://icanhazip.com'
 self.qurl = Queue()
 self.IPQurl = Queue()
 self.data = list()
 self.item_num = 5 # 限制每页提取个数（也决定了二级页面数量）防止对网页请求过多
 self.thread_num = 10 # 抓取二级页面线程数量
 self.first_running = True
 # 设置代理ip
 self.proxy = {}
 # 设置获取代理ip的代理ip
 self.proxy1 = {}
 # 不设置代理ip
 self.notproxy = {}
 self.user_agent = [
 "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",]
 def get_proxy(self):
 url = self.getProxy
 try:
 r = requests.get(url,str(e))
 return False
 def set_proxy(self):
 if self.IPQurl.empty():
 if self.get_proxy():
 arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',')
 if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1:
 self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}
 else:
 self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}
 def parse_first(self,str(e))
 def parse_second(self):
 while self.first_running or not self.qurl.empty():
 if not self.qurl.empty():
 url = self.qurl.get()
 print('crawling,str(e))
 @run_time
 def run(self):
 ths = []
 th1 = Thread(target=self.parse_first,encoding='utf-8') as f:
 f.write(s)
 print('Data crawling is finished.')
if __name__ == '__main__':
 Spider().run()

（编辑：李大同）

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