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<div class="art_desc mt10">
<div id="art_demo">这篇文章主要介绍了Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总,本文讲解了获取当前datetime、获取当天date、获取明天/前N天、获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)、获取两个datetime的时间差、获取本周/本月/上月最后一天等实用方法,需要的朋友可以参考下
原则,以datetime为中心,起点或中转,转化为目标对象,涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理
步骤:
1. 掌握几种对象及其关系
2. 了解每类对象的基本操作方法
3. 通过转化关系转化
涉及对象
1. datetime
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.now()
now
datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,9,946118)
type(now)
<type 'datetime.datetime'>
2. timestamp
import time
time.time()
1421075455.568243
3. time tuple
import time
time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=10,tm_sec=30,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=0)
4. string
import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
5. date
import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015,12)
datetime基本操作
1. 获取当前datetime
import datetime
datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015,26,24,475680)
2. 获取当天date
datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015,12)
3. 获取明天/前N天
明天
datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2015,13)
三天前
datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015,38,55,492226)
datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
datetime.datetime(2015,57,59363)
4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)
datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2015,0)
datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.max)
datetime.datetime(2015,59,999999)
5. 获取两个datetime的时间差
(datetime.datetime(2015,13,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
44747.768075
6. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天
本周
today = datetime.date.today()
today
datetime.date(2015,12)
sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())
sunday
datetime.date(2015,18)
本月
代码如下:
import calendar
today = datetime.date.today()
_,last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year,today.month)
last_day = datetime.date(today.year,today.month,last_day_num)
last_day
datetime.date(2015,31)
获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)
import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
first = datetime.date(day=1,month=today.month,year=today.year)
lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
关系转换
几个关系之间的转化
Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple
关系转换例子
datetime <=> string
datetime -> string
import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
string -> datetime
import datetime
datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
datetime.datetime(2014,31,18,20,10)
datetime <=> timetuple
datetime -> timetuple
代码如下:
import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().timetuple()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_min=17,tm_sec=59,tm_isdst=-1)
timetuple -> datetime
timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetime<=>timestamp]
datetime <=> date
datetime -> date
import datetime
datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015,12)
date -> datetime
datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015,12)
today = datetime.date.today()
datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time())
datetime.datetime(2015,0)
datetime.datetime.combine(today,0)
datetime <=> timestamp
datetime -> timestamp
now = datetime.datetime.now()
timestamp = time.mktime(now.timetuple())
timestamp
1421077403.0
timestamp -> datetime
datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0)
datetime.datetime(2015,43,23)
附加
（编辑：李大同）
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