直接上需求和代码
首先是需要爬取的链接和网页:http://211.81.31.34/uhtbin/cgisirsi/x/0/0/57/49?user_id=LIBSCI_ENGI&password=LIBSC

登陆进去之后进入我的账号――借阅、预约及申请记录――借阅历史就可以看到所要爬取的内容

然后将借阅历史中的题名、著者、借阅日期、归还日期、索书号存入Mongodb数据库中,以上便是这次爬虫的需求。
下面开始:
各软件版本为:
- python 2.7.11
- MongoDb 3.2.1
- Pycharm 5.0.4
- MongoDb Management Studio 1.9.3
- 360极速浏览器 懒得查了
一、登陆模块
python中的登陆一般都是用urllib和urllib2这两个模块,首先我们要查看网页的源代码:
<form name="loginform" method="post" action="/uhtbin/cgisirsi/?ps=nPdFje4RP9/理工大学馆/125620449/303">
<!-- Copyright (c) 2004,Sirsi Corporation - myProfile login or view myFavorites -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 1998 - 2003,Sirsi Corporation - Sets the default values for USER_ID,ALT_ID,and PIN prompts. - The USER_ID,and PIN page variables will be returned. -->
<!-- If the user has not logged in,first try to default to the ID based on the IP address - the $UO and $Uf will be set. If that fails,then default to the IDs in the config file. If the user has already logged in,default to the logged in user's IDs,unless the user is a shared login. -->
<!-- only user ID is used if both on -->
<div class="user_name">
<label for="user_id">借阅证号码:</label>
<input class="user_name_input" type="text" name="user_id" id="user_id" maxlength="20" value=""/>
</div>
<div class="password">
<label for="password">个人密码:</label>
<input class="password_input" type="password" name="password" id="password" maxlength="20" value=""/>
</div>
<input type="submit" value="用户登录" class="login_button"/>
查找网页中的form表单中的action,方法为post,但是随后我们发现,该网页中的action地址不是一定的,是随机变化的,刷新一下就变成了下面这样子的:
<form name="loginform" method="post" action="/uhtbin/cgisirsi/?ps=1Nimt5K1Lt/理工大学馆/202330426/303">
我们可以看到/?ps到/之间的字符串是随机变化的(加粗部分),于是我们需要用到另一个模块――BeautifulSoup实时获取该链接:
url = "http://211.81.31.34/uhtbin/cgisirsi/x/0/0/57/49?user_id=LIBSCI_ENGI&password=LIBSC"
res = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser")
login_url = "http://211.81.31.34" + soup.findAll("form")[1]['action'].encode("utf8")
之后就可以正常使用urllib和urllib来模拟登陆了,下面列举一下BeautifulSoup的常用方法,之后的HTML解析需要:
1.soup.contents 该属性可以将tag的子节点以列表的方式输出
2.soup.children 通过tag的.children生成器,可以对tag的子节点进行循环
3.soup.parent 获取某个元素的父节点
4.soup.find_all(name,attrs,recursive,text,**kwargs) 搜索当前tag的所有tag子节点,并判断是否符合过滤器的条件
5.soup.find_all("a",class="xx") 按CSS搜索
6.find(name,**kwargs) 可以通过limit和find_all区分开
二、解析所获得的HTML
先看看需求中的HTML的特点:
<tbody id="tblSuspensions">
<!-- OCLN changed Listcode to Le to support charge history -->
<!-- SIRSI_List Listcode="LN" -->
<tr>
<td class="accountstyle" align="left">
<!-- SIRSI_Conditional IF List_DC_Exists="IB" AND NOT List_DC_Comp="IB^" -->
<!-- Start title here -->
<!-- Title -->
做人要低调,说话要幽默 孙郡铠编著
</td>
<td class="accountstyle author" align="left">
<!-- Author -->
孙郡铠 编著
</td>
<td class="accountstyle due_date" align="center">
<!-- Date Charged -->
2015/9/10,16:16
</td>
<td class="accountstyle due_date" align="left">
<!-- Date Returned -->
2015/9/23,15:15
</td>
<td class="accountstyle author" align="center">
<!-- Call Number -->
B821-49/S65
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="accountstyle" align="left">
<!-- SIRSI_Conditional IF List_DC_Exists="IB" AND NOT List_DC_Comp="IB^" -->
<!-- Start title here -->
<!-- Title -->
我用一生去寻找 潘石屹的人生哲学 潘石屹著
</td>
<td class="accountstyle author" align="left">
<!-- Author -->
潘石屹,1963- 著
</td>
<td class="accountstyle due_date" align="center">
<!-- Date Charged -->
2015/9/10,16:16
</td>
<td class="accountstyle due_date" align="left">
<!-- Date Returned -->
2015/9/25,15:23
</td>
<td class="accountstyle author" align="center">
<!-- Call Number -->
B821-49/P89
</td>
</tr>
由所有代码,注意这行:
<tbody id="tblSuspensions">
该标签表示下面的内容将是借阅书籍的相关信息,我们采用遍历该网页所有子节点的方法获得id="tblSuspensions"的内容:
for i,k in enumerate(BeautifulSoup(detail,"html.parser").find(id='tblSuspensions').children):
# print i,k
if isinstance(k,element.Tag):
bookhtml.append(k)
# print type(k)
三、提取所需要的内容
这一步比较简单,bs4中的BeautifulSoup可以轻易的提取:
for i in bookhtml:
# p
# rint i
name = i.find(class_="accountstyle").getText()
author = i.find(class_="accountstyle author",align="left").getText()
Date_Charged = i.find(class_="accountstyle due_date",align="center").getText()
Date_Returned = i.find(class_="accountstyle due_date",align="left").getText()
bookid = i.find(class_="accountstyle author",align="center").getText()
bookinfo.append(
[name.strip(),author.strip(),Date_Charged.strip(),Date_Returned.strip(),bookid.strip()])
这一步采用getText()的方法将text中内容提取出来;strip()方法是去掉前后空格,同时可以保留之间的空格,比如:s=" a a ",使用s.strip()之后即为"a a"
四、连接数据库
据说NoSQL以后会很流行,随后采用了Mongodb数据库图图新鲜,结果一折腾真是烦,具体安装方法在上一篇日记中记载了。
1.导入python连接Mongodb的模块
import pymongo
2.创建python和Mongodb的链接:
# connection database
conn = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://root:root@localhost:27017")
db = conn.book
collection = db.book
3.将获得的内容保存到数据库:
user = {"_id": xuehao_ben,
"Bookname": name.strip(),
"Author": author.strip(),
"Rent_Day": Date_Charged.strip(),
"Return_Day": Date_Returned.strip()}
j += 1
collection.insert(user)
上面基本完成了,但是爬虫做到这个没有意义,重点在下面
五、获取全校学生的借阅记录
我们学校的图书馆的密码都是一样的,应该没有人闲得无聊改密码,甚至没有人用过这个网站去查询自己的借阅记录,所以,做个循环,就可以轻易的获取到全校的借阅记录了,然后并没有那么简单,str(0001)强制将int变成string,但是在cmd的python中是报错的(在1位置),在pycharm前面三个0是忽略的,只能用傻瓜式的四个for循环了。好了,下面是所有代码:
# encoding=utf8
import urllib2
import urllib
import pymongo
import socket
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from bs4 import element
# connection database
conn = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://root:root@localhost:27017")
db = conn.book
collection = db.book
# 循环开始
def xunhuan(xuehao):
try:
socket.setdefaulttimeout(60)
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(("127.0.0.1",80))
url = "http://211.81.31.34/uhtbin/cgisirsi/x/0/0/57/49?user_id=LIBSCI_ENGI&password=LIBSC"
res = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser")
login_url = "http://211.81.31.34" + soup.findAll("form")[1]['action'].encode("utf8")
params = {
"user_id": "账号前缀你猜你猜" + xuehao,
"password": "密码你猜猜"
}
print params
params = urllib.urlencode(params)
req = urllib2.Request(login_url,params)
lianjie = urllib2.urlopen(req)
# print lianjie
jieyue_res = lianjie.read()
# print jieyue_res 首页的HTML代码
houmian = BeautifulSoup(jieyue_res,"html.parser").find_all('a',class_='rootbar')[1]['href']
# print houmian
houmian = urllib.quote(houmian.encode('utf8'))
url_myaccount = "http://211.81.31.34" + houmian
# print url_myaccount
# print urllib.urlencode(BeautifulSoup(jieyue_res,class_ = 'rootbar')[0]['href'])
lianjie2 = urllib.urlopen(url_myaccount)
myaccounthtml = lianjie2.read()
detail_url = ''
# print (BeautifulSoup(myaccounthtml).find_all('ul',class_='gatelist_table')[0]).children
print "连接完成,开始爬取数据"
for i in (BeautifulSoup(myaccounthtml,"html.parser").find_all('ul',class_='gatelist_table')[0]).children:
if isinstance(i,element.NavigableString):
continue
for ii in i.children:
detail_url = ii['href']
break
detail_url = "http://211.81.31.34" + urllib.quote(detail_url.encode('utf8'))
detail = urllib.urlopen(detail_url).read()
# print detail
bookhtml = []
bookinfo = []
# 解决没有借书
try:
for i,"html.parser").find(id='tblSuspensions').children):
# print i,k
if isinstance(k,element.Tag):
bookhtml.append(k)
# print type(k)
print "look here!!!"
j = 1
for i in bookhtml:
# p
# rint i
name = i.find(class_="accountstyle").getText()
author = i.find(class_="accountstyle author",bookid.strip()])
xuehao_ben = str(xuehao) + str("_") + str(j)
user = {"_id": xuehao_ben,
"Return_Day": Date_Returned.strip()}
j += 1
collection.insert(user)
except Exception,ee:
print ee
print "此人没有借过书"
user = {"_id": xuehao,
"Bookname": "此人",
"Author": "没有",
"Rent_Day": "借过",
"Return_Day": "书"}
collection.insert(user)
print "********" + str(xuehao) + "_Finish"+"**********"
except Exception,e:
s.close()
print e
print "socket超时,重新运行"
xunhuan(xuehao)
# with contextlib.closing(urllib.urlopen(req)) as A:
# print A
# print xuehao
# print req
for i1 in range(0,6):
for i2 in range(0,9):
for i3 in range(0,9):
for i4 in range(0,9):
xueha = str(i1) + str(i2) + str(i3) + str(i4)
chushi = '0000'
if chushi == xueha:
print "=======爬虫开始=========="
else:
print xueha + "begin"
xunhuan(xueha)
conn.close()
print "End!!!"
下面是Mongodb Management Studio的显示内容(部分):

总结:这次爬虫遇到了很多问题,问了很多人,但是最终效果还不是很理想,虽然用了try except语句,但是还是会报错10060,连接超时(我只能质疑学校的服务器了TT),还有就是,你可以看到数据库中列的顺序不一样=。=这个我暂时未理解,希望大家可以给出解决方法。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。 (编辑:李大同)
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