|
在HeadFirstPython网站中下载所有文件，解压后以chapter 3中的“sketch.txt”为例：
新建IDLE会话，首先导入os模块，并将工作目录却换到包含文件“sketch.txt”的文件夹，如C:Python33HeadFirstPythonchapter3
复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd() #查看当前工作目录
'C:Python33'
>>> os.chdir('C:/Python33/HeadFirstPython/chapter3') #切换包含数据文件的文件夹
>>> os.getcwd() #查看切换后的工作目录
'C:Python33HeadFirstPythonchapter3'
打开文件“sketch.txt”，读取并显示前两行：
复制代码 代码如下:
>>> data=open('sketch.txt')
>>> print(data.readline(),end='')
Man: Is this the right room for an argument?
>>> print(data.readline(),end='')
Other Man: I've told you once.
回到文件起始位置，使用for语句处理文件中的每行，最后关闭文件：
复制代码 代码如下: >>> data.seek(0) #使用seek()方法回到文件起始位置 >>> for each_line in data: print(each_line,end='')
Man: Is this the right room for an argument?
Other Man: I've told you once.
Man: No you haven't!
Other Man: Yes I have.
Man: When?
Other Man: Just now.
Man: No you didn't!
Other Man: Yes I did!
Man: You didn't!
Other Man: I'm telling you,I did!
Man: You did not!
Other Man: Oh I'm sorry,is this a five minute argument,or the full half hour?
Man: Ah! (taking out his wallet and paying) Just the five minutes.
Other Man: Just the five minutes. Thank you.
Other Man: Anyway,I did.
Man: You most certainly did not!
Other Man: Now let's get one thing quite clear: I most definitely told you!
Man: Oh no you didn't!
Other Man: Oh yes I did!
Man: Oh no you didn't!
Other Man: Oh yes I did!
Man: Oh look,this isn't an argument!
(pause)
Other Man: Yes it is!
Man: No it isn't!
(pause)
Man: It's just contradiction!
Other Man: No it isn't!
Man: It IS!
Other Man: It is NOT!
Man: You just contradicted me!
Other Man: No I didn't!
Man: You DID!
Other Man: No no no!
Man: You did just then!
Other Man: Nonsense!
Man: (exasperated) Oh,this is futile!!
(pause)
Other Man: No it isn't!
Man: Yes it is!
>>> data.close()
读取文件后，将不同role对应数据分别保存到列表man和other：
复制代码 代码如下: import os print(os.getcwd()) os.chdir('C:Python33HeadFirstPythonchapter3') man=[] #定义列表man接收Man的内容 other=[] #定义列表other接收Other Man的内容
try:
data=open("sketch.txt")
for each_line in data:
try:
(role,line_spoken)=each_line.split(':',1)
line_spoken=line_spoken.strip()
if role=='Man':
man.append(line_spoken)
elif role=='Other Man':
other.append(line_spoken)
except ValueError:
pass
data.close()
except IOError:
print('The datafile is missing!')
print (man)
print (other)
Tips:
使用open()方法打开磁盘文件时，默认的访问模式为r，表示读，不需要特意指定；
要打开一个文件完成写，需要指定模式w，如data=open("sketch.txt","w")，如果该文件已经存在则会清空现有内容；
要追加到一个文件，需要指定模式a，不会清空现有内容；
要打开一个文件完成写和读，且不清空现有内容，需要指定模式w+；
例如，将上例中保存的man和other内容以文件方式保存时，可修改如下：
复制代码 代码如下: import os print(os.getcwd()) os.chdir('C:Python33HeadFirstPythonchapter3') man=[] other=[]
try:
data=open("sketch.txt")
for each_line in data:
try:
(role,1)
line_spoken=line_spoken.strip()
if role=='Man':
man.append(line_spoken)
elif role=='Other Man':
other.append(line_spoken)
except ValueError:
pass
data.close()
except IOError:
print('The datafile is missing!')
try:
man_file=open('man.txt','w') #以w模式访问文件man.txt
other_file=open('other.txt','w') #以w模式访问文件other.txt
print (man,file=man_file) #将列表man的内容写到文件中
print (other,file=other_file)
except IOError:
print ('File error')
finally:
man_file.close()
other_file.close()
但是第26行print()为什么会报错？“syntax error while detecting tuple”，有大神能给解惑一下不 （编辑：李大同）
【声明】本站内容均来自网络，其相关言论仅代表作者个人观点，不代表本站立场。若无意侵犯到您的权利，请及时与联系站长删除相关内容!
|
